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At just 14 years old, He man Bekele emerged as the victor of the 2023 3M Young Scientist Challenge,1 among nine other finalists with his innovative creation known as the Skin Cancer Treating Soap (SCTS). In2 of his exceptional achievement, this ninth-grade talent is set to receive a substantial cash award of $25,000.

Bekele's revolutionary concept3 through a two-minute video, centers on the development of a soap that is not only4 , priced at less than $10 per bar, but also has the potential to reactivate dendritic cells — the body's natural 5 of the skin — to cope with skin cancer.

Reflecting on his presentation and inspiration, Bekele shared that his childhood in Ethiopia played a significant 6 in shaping his innovative thinking. Having witnessed people work7 under the scorching sun, he couldn't help but8 how many were aware of the risks associated with long-term sun9 .

"I wanted to make my idea not only scientifically exceptional but also accessible to a broad audience," Bekele expressed during an interview with The Washington Post. To10 him realize his ambitious plans, he received invaluable advice from Deborah Isabelle, a product engineering specialist at 3M, who11 him with other scientists. Ultimately, the path forward for Bekele's creation includes obtaining FDA approval.

During his presentation at the 3M global headquarters in Saint Paul, Minnesota, Bekele 12 expressed his vision of turning the soap into a "symbol of hope, accessibility, and a world where skin cancer treatment is within 13 for all."

Over the coming five years, Bekele is determined to perfect his invention and14 a nonprofit organization dedicated to delivering his innovative creation to poor communities, offering hope and a practical solution in the15 against skin cancer.

Improving your family life can help make your family members closer and prevent conflicts from getting in the way of everyone's happiness.Fortunately, there are lots of concrete steps you can take to make your time with your family more enjoyable and fulfilling.

Have meals together as often as possible.

Parents work and kids have after-school activities, so it's tough to have breakfast and dinner together every day. However, do your best to eat together as often as possible.When someone gets home from work or practice late, sit down with them while they have dinner, even if you've already eaten. Spending time together and having a conversation is more important than eating at the same time.

Do household chores together.

Few people actually enjoy doing chores, but sharing household responsibilities can help everyone in your family take pride in your home.. For instance, whoever finishes folding their laundry first might get to pick out the movie you'll watch together. Divide chores up into age-appropriate categories. After dinner, your youngest could wipe the table, your oldest could fill the dishwasher, and you could put away leftovers.

Avoid comparing your family to those you see on social media.

It can be easy to believe that because other people always look happy in their pictures and videos they always feel that way.If you start to envy someone else's family, just remind yourself that you don't know what their life is really like, and they likely have family arguments and other issues just like everyone else. Remember, even if someone else's family takes more vacations or has more expensive things, it doesn't mean they're any happier than you and your family are.

Avoid harsh criticism and judgments.

Give each other permission to express emotions and act silly without fear of criticism or judgment.If you're a parent, offer positive, constructive criticism, and try to discourage your children from harshly judging each other. Instead of saying, "No, that's not how you do that," say, "Good try, but let me help you do this the right way."

A. Remember, every family needs to work to keep their relationships healthy and strong.

B. When people expect harsh judgment, they tend to bottle things up and avoid sharing their feelings.

C. However, navigating family relationships requires patience, understanding, and effective communication.

D. Family meals are a key routine that helps you stay involved in each other's lives.

E. When you are stressed, you're more likely to make harsh judgments.

F. Try to make it as fun as possible, such as by playing music or having contests.

G. Developing a chore system in your family's routine can make a big difference.

The planet is in trouble, and a gas-car ban just might help. But how will it affect you? Cars are not small investments. They make a big impact on our wallets — but also on the environment. That's why when California announced a gas-car ban in August arid other states suggested they'd follow suit, there was a mixed response. Sure, reducing our use of gas by choosing more eco-friendly cars could slow climate change and help everyone live more sustainably, not to mention save money on gas in the long run. But what would happen to people's cars? Would they have to buy an expensive new electric vehicle right now?

Well, let's set a few things straight first: This isn't a full-on ban. People living in or visiting California will still be able to drive gas cars, as well as buy and register used internal combustion engines (ICE) vehicles, well after the law takes effect. But in a little over a decade, residents will not be allowed to register new gas-burning cars. It will take more than a decade for the ban to take effect fully — 2035, to be exact.

Why is California banning gas cars? It's all about the environment. More than half of California's carbon pollution comes from the transportation sector, and eliminating ICE vehicles is a critical first step in, addressing the climate crisis. California has seen the impact of climate change firsthand in the form of natural disasters such as floods, mudslides, record-breaking droughts and extreme wildfires — all of which have increased in frequency and intensity in recent years.

However, new rules and laws can be fearsome, and hard to carry out at first. For example, electric vehicles (EVs) also don't get as many miles per charge, making them difficult for long-distance trips and states with few charging stations. Related to that, the country needs more public charging stations. But, of course, the biggest barrier to more people getting excited about electric vehicles is price, which is currently higher than traditional vehicles due to their expensive batteries.

Still, Rauch is hopeful. "As someone who is focused on the health benefits of reducing pollution, I see the benefits as vastly outweighing the challenges," she says. "At the end of the day, who doesn't want their children and grandchildren to breathe clean air?"

Many Chinese sports fans last month felt frustrated when the China women's national football team failed to qualify for the Paris Olympic Games. There was the typical roller coaster of emotional reactions with the usual talking heads on social media shouting for the chief coach Shui Qingxia to be fired. Similarly, at the Hangzhou Asian Games, Chinese national team athlete Wu Yanni came under attack for having been disqualified because of a false start. Facing pressure, she had to post an open letter to deeply apologize to all her "friends."

Strangely enough, many of these armchair en tics and "friends" were the very people who had sung the praises of Shui's and Wu's performance not long ago. Unfortunately, this phenomenon of polarized thinking, also referred to as black-and-white thinking, is by no means unique to the world of competitive sports, where successes and failures can happen in an instant.

Polarized thinking occurs when emotions run high and people use the lower part of their brain. This was very useful in the early stages of human development when, back in the Stone Age, our ancestors were forced to categorize everything into either good or bad because they lived in constant fear of being attacked by larger animals. Their lives were always on the line. There was no time to consider the nuanced (微妙的) middle ground or to put themselves in other people's shoes.

Since those old days are long gone, why do we still need to be so extreme in our thinking? The consequences of giving into polarized thinking are dangerous. Adopting extreme positions can distort (歪曲) yourself-image and worldview (like judging yourself or other individuals based on a single event), both of which will lead to failure in life.

What if you were verbally (口头上地) attacked by those polarized types? An effective way to deal with it is to apply the technique of summarization: "So what you're saying is...Is that correct? Could you be more specific?" This is a type of mental jujitsu (柔术), where you use the attacker's energy and strength against themselves. Emotional people are not good at being specific, so if you calmly ask them for a detailed explanation of their position, their argument will often reach a dead end. By that time, just smile and tell them, "Thank you for sharing."

Some of my earliest memories involve sitting with my dad in his study every night when he came home. Dad has a jade green comb. Every night, he would smile, hand me the comb and say: "Help Daddy clean it, OK?" At age five this task brought me such joy. I would excitedly turn the tap on, and then brush the comb with a used toothbrush as hard as I could. Satisfied with my job, I would proudly return it to Dad. He would smile at me, and place the comb on top of his wallet.

About two years later, Dad left his job and started his own business. That was when things started to change. Dad's business wasn't doing so well, and our stable life started getting shaky. He didn't come home as much as he used to. And when he did, it was always late and I'd already be in bed. I started to get mad. Why didn't he listen to Mum and just stick to his old job? Over the years, I stopped spending my nights with him.

Now 28, I've already got a job. Dad's business has also started to be on track. Things are better. Yet the uncomfortable silence between us persisted.

Two days before my birthday last year, Dad came home early. As I helped him carry his bags into his study, he said. "Hey, would you like to help me clean my comb? It's been a while: since I last cleaned it." I looked at him a while, then took the comb and headed to the sink.

As I cleaned the comb, it hit me then: why, as a child, helping my dad clean his comb was such a joy. That routine meant my dad was home early to spend the evening with Mum and I. It meant he would watch TV with us or playa few videogames with me. It meant a happy and loving family.

I pass the clean comb back to Dad. He looks at it and smiles. But this time, I notice something different. My dad has aged. He has wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiles, yet his smile is still heartwarming. The smile of a father who just wants a good life for his family.

Dad carefully places his comb on top of his wallet. The same old jade green comb. I guess some things never change. And for that, I'm glad.

Every time I think of the card attached with a picture, it reminds me that success is important, but why not sometimes just admit the journey, regardless of success or failure, and show our approval? Our approval may bring us another story, while for others, another chapter of life. 

One month ago, I was temporarily appointed to be in charge of a class, when they just finished an important exam. A boy walking out of the classroom with his friends greeted me happily. The sunny smile on his face showed his confidence in the exam. He was Mark, a top A student. During the following days, Mark impressed me with his optimism in class and after class. 

One Monday morning, as I rushed towards my office, I encountered Mark. We greeted each other, but his "good morning" face wasn't as bright as usual. "Maybe he doesn't like Monday as much as I do. " I thought jokingly.

At the office, Mark's less-than-enthusiastic look reminded me of his sunny smile. Recalling the first time we met, I drew a boy with a broad smile and sparkling eyes. As a new teacher, pupils like Mark were my favourite. Personally, they learned by heart, and always met our expectations. Moreover, they were easily satisfied. Even a simple "Well done!" could brighten their day. To encourage students, I had my own award system, including empty cards, where I would write three or four sentences of encouragement based on students' individual situations.

As I enjoyed the pleasure of getting a new idea, I heard a knock at the door. It was Mark, dragging his feet with his head down, "Madam, I'm upset. " His words amazed me. What could make such an excellent student so down? I asked if he had problems with his friends, but he shook his head. Concerned, I inquired if he was being bullied, but received the same response.

"Do your parents put pressure on you?" I wondered. As for this question, Mark's voice began to tremble and he lowered his head again, whispering, "They trust me and expect me to get better and better. I had been doing my best but I got the third place in the exam. "

注意：1. 续写词数应为 150左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

注意：1. 写作词数应为 80 左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。3. 参考词汇：新年计划 New Year resolution

On a chilly December morning in Beijing, Zhang Ting (rise) at 6 a. m. and started to dress for her trip to the Summer Palace. Two hours later, the stylish 28-year-old, a hip-hop singer-songwriter, (wear) hanfu—traditional Chinese costume, arrived at the Summer Palace, an imperial garden established during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) and  UNESCO World Heritage site. She visited here (gain) inspiration for a new song, for which she planned to mix elements of (tradition) Chinese culture with her own style of music, known as guo feng, or music with a Chinese flavor. 

Zhang joined a workshop （launch）by a platform aimed at supporting and cultivating original Chinese music and independent （musician）from China. 

Soon afterward, she wrote the song Hong Yu in memory of Liang Hongyu, a respected heroine during the Song Dynasty（960-1279）. "Images of these female roles came instantly to mind I saw the ancient stage at the Summer Palace, " she said.

The three-day activity brought together singer-songwriters from around the country and targeted new songs featuring elements of guo feng. Li Liang, head of the program, said, "Young people grow up with the internet and are open different cultures. They are now embracing （they）own cultural aesthetics（美学）, which is meaningful. "

In 9^th grade, I joined a military training (军训) camp. The special eye- opener forced my friends away, who were 1  to be away from their families while I turned excited at the 2 . 

In the camp, the 3 was the first challenge. Honestly, I started to be 4 to my parents, who had insisted on doing my part at home. It's not as easy as it sounds. Not to mention, they had to do everything themselves, from dishes to 5 , for us without complaint. But in the camp, we got only 20 minutes during the break to make our beds, sweep the floor and do the washing.

Besides, from the moment I arrived, the camp impressed me most with a sense of 6 . The days were long and demanding, filled with 7  designed to push us to our limits. We had a(an)8  instructor whistling loudly at 5 a. m. Waken up early on cold December mornings, we were 9  to run four laps before breakfast. It was a real 10 . If one failed, the whole team got two more laps. 

Gradually, the pain 11  . Later in the mountain climbing competition with Boy Team, we Girl Team was the champion! After those freezing mornings, we 12  it. Each member of our team worked so hard on our skills. 13 , the shared experiences taught us a lesson of 14 . We relied on each other for support. Overall, the experience, like the sun in that winter, warms my heart and 15  my way. 

How do we slow down and eat more deliberately? And what are some techniques we can use to eat at a health y pace? That's when you use your senses to enjoy the food and notice how it makes you feel.

The first tip is to take at least 20 minutes to finish your meal. Very often we find ourselves eating while doing something else, and that can make us eat faster than we normally would. When you sit down to eat, spend about 20 minutes doing so. 

Remove all distractions while you eat. They can interfere with your ability to enjoy your food and notice when you are full. Spend time to eat and only eat. Make sure your cell phone is face down and you're not going to be responding to any messages that come through.

Noticing all the little details about your food would have great benefits as well. One way to slow down is to engage your senses and think through all the details about your meal. Ask yourself: what's on my plate? How hungry am I today? Is it too salty? Notice the smell, the texture and whatever other senses that arise as you eat.

Instead of wolfing down, don't forget to actually chew. If you're inhaling（吸入）your food you're probably not chewing it. Look at each bite before popping it into your mouth, acknowledge what you're eating and chew, chew, chew.

A. Putting your phone away is also advisable. 

B. So, you'd better eat in a more healthy way.

C. Second, remove food that would make you distract. 

D. Experts share helpful tips on how to eat more mindfully. 

E. Experts suggest that chewing is an important part of digestion. 

F. You might wonder how to spend 20 whole minutes eating a sandwich. 

G. It takes about that time for your body to get the signal to the brain that you are full. 

Sonia Kleindorfer was a new director of the Konrad Lorenz Research Center in Austria. At her institute, Konrad Lorenz was a famous Austrian zoologist who could correctly name each kind of goose, which made Kleindorfer feel a certain amount of pressure. "I can do five, but when the next five come, I start to have a mental meltdown, " she says. So she contacted a more technically-minded colleague and asked him: Could he write a program to distinguish these faces?

He said, yes, but he'd need a database of geese photos to work with. Kleindorfer got her team out there, snapping picture s of the geese from every angle. After building the database, they wrote a piece of facial recognition Al that could ID a goose, by looking at specific feature s of its beak（喙）. After a couple of years, the team reports that their goose recognition software is now about 97% accurate.

"Geese have such drama—there are archrivals（劲敌）, and jealousy and retribution（报答）, " Kleindorfer says. To find out how faces figured into this drama, she presented the geese with full-sized pictures of themselves, their partners, or another member of the flock. She showed evidence that geese seemed to recognize photos of their partners and friends, but not themselves. For further study, Sonia Kleindorfer hopes birdwatchers will someday be able to snap a picture of a goose, ID it, and share its location with scientists. But she adds, just remember, her new research suggests that bird watching goes both ways: Geese can remember faces too. "If you are ever not kind to a goose, " she warns, "that goose may find you again. "

Kleindorfer thinks that facial recognition is going to play a really important role in conservation and ecology. "We need more computer scientists trained in behavioral ecology and we need more conservation scientists trained in computer science, " she says. "But working together, I think we can do this. "

As archaeologists（考古学家）examined ancient tombs in Turfan in western China, they discovered some surprisingly well-preserved and familiar relics. Though hardened from over 1, 000 years, there sat little dumplings. 

Exactly who invented dumplings remains a mystery. But some scholars suspect they were first spread by nomadic（游牧的）Turki c peoples living in western China and Central Asia. This is thought to be the case because "manti, " meaning "dumpling" or "steamed bun" in many Turkic languages, appears to be the root word for dumpling in several other languages. Ancient Turkic people probably filled their dumplings with meat. But it's unclear when this practice began, or whether they learned the art of dumpling-making from others. However this happened, dumplings certainly gathered    steam in ancient China.

Dumplings continued to take off and diversify in China over the next thousand years. Instead of the traditional meat filling, some communities chose vegetarian（素食）dumplings. People developed new cooking methods. The relationship between Chinese dumplings and those in other areas is tricky to trace, but food historians have made their best guesses based on available clues. 

Besides Turkic tribes, some scholars believe that the Mongol Empire also contributed to the spread of dumplings, perhaps introducing them to parts of Eastern Europe. These dumplings could have come by way of China or directly from some of the Turkic peoples the Mongols hired to run their empire. One theory is that this gave rise to dumplings like pelmeni in Russia, pierogi in Poland and vareniki in Ukraine. The Mongol Empire also controlled Korea and might have likewise introduced dumplings there. Later, after Chinese dumpling varieties were introduced to more countries, English speakers began calling them dumplings, which means "little lumps". During the Second World War, Chinese "jiaozi" were brought to Japan. So what about the Italian dumpling-like pasta? Some historians think it might be brought by Arab conquerors.

It's unlikely that all dumpling dishes came from the same root tradition. However, we can appreciate the mysterious historical web that made dumplings so various.

I went to Yuanhe Middle School in Xihaigu, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, a place that used to be one of the poorest regions in China, to participate in an English class with village children. 

Most kids in the school come from poor village homes and are "left behind" children一kids whose parents work in the cities to make a better living. After class, we chatted a lot, and they wondered about everything, using "outside world" as a term to describe the wider globe for many times.

Taking care of rural children is essential. The school offers boarding services and free breakfast and lunch to the students, who can also video chat with their parents daily. To better care for the village children, the school provides outdoor hiking, technology, art, and foreign language program s to help them understand the outside world. After all, high-quality education to disadvantaged village children is the key to poverty-alleviation（扶贫）efforts. 

During my trip in Xihaigu, I also visited Ningxia Normal University, where over 70% of its students major in education. 

In 2013, local and central governments launched public -funded programs to recruit students interested in becoming teachers in Ningxia's rural villages and districts. By 2023, 3, 500 students were enrolled in the program, many of whom came from disadvantaged village households in Xihaigu.

I had the opportunity to speak with Yang, a public-funded student from the once-poor Xihaigu region. After finishing school, he planned to stay in the Xihaigu area as a teacher to teach the kids knowledge. 

Yang told me that knowledge is the key to leading a better life as well as understanding the world. A lack of knowledge is one of the main factors of being poor. Money could help the poor for a while but not once for all. He hopes that by sharing knowledge with the kids in his hometown, he can help them broaden their horizons and develop an objective perspective on the world. He envisions a future where these children can use their knowledge to make a better life, stop people' stereotypes (固有印象) about China and share Xihaigu's stories with the rest of the world.

The Best Hotels in Edinburgh Close to the Must-See Sights

Edinburgh is home to some of the best hotels in Scotland. Here are some selected hotels, ranging from iconic five-star institutions to new apartment hotels. 

The Balmoral Hotel

For luxury accommodation, the Balmoral hotel offers five-star service and fantastic views of Edinburgh Castle. It is in the city center and features the iconic clock tower. The Balmoral is probably the most famous hotel in the city and is famous for its hospitality. It is also popular with locals for afternoon tea. 

Wilde Apart Hotel

Wilde Apart hotel is a modern, stylish hotel. The hotel features well-appointed（设备齐全的）serviced apartments that have fully equipped small kitchens, free WiFi, and car parking nearby. The apartments are ideal for those who are staying in the city for more than a night or two and would like to have a small kitchen to enjoy breakfast or lunch. 

The Radisson Collection Hotel

The Radisson Collection Hotel overlooks the iconic Royal Mile. It's just a short walk from attractions such as Edinburgh Castle and Holy rood Park, and it's within easy reach of local restaurants, shops, bars, and galleries. Everything you will want to see and do in Edinburgh is close to hand, and it's five minutes from Waverly Train Station and airport links. The hotel's design is modern.

Scotsman Hotel

Originally built as The Scotsman newspaper offices in 1905, Scotsman Hotel has been carefully restored into nine floors of rooms and suites with commanding views over the city. Located at the top end of North Bridge, the hotel occupies the prime real estate spot (黄金地段) in Edinburgh. Easy access to Waverley Train Station and airport shuttles, the hotel is probably the most well-appointed accommodation in terms of transport links. 

We hope you love the Edinburgh hotels we recommend!

After staying at home and taking care of her baby for nearly two years, Rebecca found it hard to make a decision between accepting an attractive offer from her former employer and going on looking after her son Tony at home. She talked, with her husband David, about sending Tony to a childcare center. David gave it a careful thought and decided to leave his job for a year to take care of Tony before he could be sent to a kindergarten, promising to be a super Dad and househusband. It was good news for Rebecca but she knew her husband too well. It would take David some time to get used to finicky（细致的） jobs of taking care of Tony. So she told David she wanted hourly updates on how Tony was handling his day away from Mom. 

David was adapting quickly. He texted updates throughout the day, getting hourly instructions from Rebecca. It seemed that David was enjoying his new role and Tony liked the company of Dad, although they often got the home messy. What Rebecca didn't expect is that David became famous on social media as Super Dad, because people liked watching the videos he posted.

One day, he sent his usual text updates and included a photo of Tony in his car seat during their trip to Walgreens. Rebecca's reply was to correct Tony's position in the car seat. And she reminded David that the straps（肩带） were too loose and the chest clip was too low. David laughed at his nagging（絮叨的） wife and rolled his eyes before tightening the car seat and fixing the chest clip. Fifteen minutes later, Rebecca's phone rang with a call from her husband, "Honey, we had a car accident. We are fine, but the car is going to be totaled（彻底毁坏）. "

注意：1. 续写词数应为150个左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

注意：1. 写作词数应为80个左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Acupuncture（针灸） has been used to treat countless patients for thousands of years. As an ancient Chinese medical practice, it has  rich history and deep cultural significance. Before modern medicine came to life, ancient Chinese had used stone tools （relieve） diseases. Over time, this practice developed  a medical system and shaped the root of acupuncture. 

Acupuncture is a treatment that aims to promote the body's multiple self-regulating （function）. Its principles are in line with the philosophical concepts of traditional Chinese medicine, emphasizes the balance of body and overall well-being.

Needle insertion（针刺）, the most common method of acupuncture, （carry） out by getting hair-thin needles into specific points on the body. This can improve the body's inner potential to heal（治愈） （it） by channeling vital energy（the qi）.

（look） beyond China, acupuncture has become a global way of therapy（治疗）. Over the years, acupuncture （see） many advancements in scientific research and modern medicine. According to a 2019 WHO report, acupuncture is used in 113 of its 120 member countries, illustrating its widespread recognition and （apply）. 

In November 2 020, a polar bear named Suka gave birth to several little ones, including Laerke. Laerke and her brothers and sisters were the first polar bears successfully born and 1  in the Detroit Zoo since 2004. 

Days after her 2 , Laerke became significantly inactive and appeared increasingly 3 . She was sent off to the zoo's health complex for 4 , but by the time she returned home, her mom no longer 5 Laerke as her cub（小熊）.

Without having any other polar bear who would 6 her, she would have to go without a 7 , or so they thought. 8 , that's right when Jebbie needed a new home! Jebbie, the baby grizzly bear was 9 all by himself helplessly in Tok, Alaska, when he was 10 and taken to the Detroit Zoo, where he and Laerke had been gradually getting to know each other.

After some time, Jebbie and Laerke became best 11 ! The zookeepers have since posted pictures and videos of them playing, showing just how 12 they are. Together, they're able to wrestle in the grassy tundra（苔原）, splash around in the freshwater or saltwater pools, and play with toys 13 .

"We're excited that we are able to give Jebbie a home and 14 a much-needed friend for Laerke, " said Scott, chief life sciences officer of the Detroit Zoo. "This social development is critically 15 for both Laerke and Jebbie. "

A gym membership can be nice.  All you need is a little bit of time and space at home for yourself. But before everything, you need to create an at-home fitness routine. 

 Spend 5 to 10 minutes warming up before every workout. Not sure what to do? Try jumping jacks, le g or arm circles, or even dancing. Just get your blood pumping. Do a progressive aerobic（有氧的） activity that uses the same muscles you want to work out. 

 Do strength training twice a week to build muscles. Strength training, also called resistance training, makes you stronger and builds endurance（忍耐力）.  This helps you do a harder workout every time you exercise. 

You might be eager to just stop your workout when you've finished your last set of activity, but take a few minutes to do low-intensity exercises that lower your heart rate. You might drop your run into a walk or slow down your cycling, for instance.

Set achievable goals that you can break into smaller tasks. It's one thing to say you want to get fit, but that means something different for everyone. It should be specific, realistic, and meaningful. Then, break down the goal into small, actionable steps so it feels like you're making progress regularly.

A. After all, we work out to build our muscles. 

B. Equipment is the key to carrying out a workout plan. 

C. But you don't have to have one to get into great shape.

D. For instance, slowly jo g if you are going for a longer run. 

E. Spend five to ten minutes cooling down after each workout. 

F. Figure out what you plan to achieve and make that your goal. 

G. Try to do exercises that work many parts of your body and make you feel stronger. 

Addiction is a condition in which a person has a habit they can't stop, even though it harms them or causes problems in their life. Most professionals consider addiction a disease.

People can develop addictions to substances, such as alcohol. Some medicines can lead to addiction as well. A class of painkillers called opioids is one of that kind. But people can also become addicted to behaviors. Playing video games and shopping can become addictions if they interfere with（妨碍） other parts of a person's life.

The reason why people form addictions has to do with how our brains feel pleasure. One way our brain makes us feel good is by releasing "feel good" chemicals. This can happen in response to an enjoyable action or activity. Think exercising and eating chocolate. But some actions can overload this "feel good" system. Over time, this trains the brain to depend on the substance or behavior for pleasure over other things. Taking in the substance or performing the behavior again strengthens the brain's link between that thing and feeling good. This cycle is what leads a person to develop an addiction.

People can overcome addiction. Their brain can change to look like that of a non-addicted brain. But it takes a lot of work. For the brain to change like this, the person usually must quit the substance or behavior altogether. They must give their body and mind time to adjust to a life without the addiction. 

Overcoming cravings（渴望） is very hard early on. That's why many people recover best when in a new setting that's free of familiar things that cause cravings. Some treatments can help guide those recovering from addiction by providing support when it feels tough to give up a behavior. Medications prescribed（开处方） by a doctor can help, too. Family and friends can also help by providing support and encouragement.