相关试卷
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1、 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Two teams of scientists—one in Denmark and the other in the UK—came up with the same question at about the same time: Could they identify the animals in an area from DNA that was simply floating in the air?
Testing for "environmental" DNA, or eDNA, isn't a new idea, but most of the time, scientists look for eDNA in the water. DNA in the air is usually so small that it would take a microscope to see it. "We did not think that vacuuming(用真空吸尘器吸)animal DNA from the air would work at first, but the result is pleasantly surprising," said Dr. Kristine Bohmann, one of the scientists on the Copenhagen team.
Neither team knew the other group was working on a similar experiment. One collected samples from different places at Denmark's Copenhagen Zoo, and the other at Hamerton Zoo Park in the UK. The scientists used slightly different methods to collect their samples. But basically, both teams used vacuums and fans to collect extremely tiny bits of DNA onto very high-quality filters (过滤器) .
In the laboratory, they got the DNA from the filters and made copies of it to study. By comparing their samples with examples of DNA from different animals, the scientists were able to identify many different animals at the zoos. The scientists chose to test in zoos because they had scarce animals which are not naturally and easily found in the area. As Dr. Elizabeth Clare who led the UK team said, "There's no other way I would detect DNA from a tiger, except for the zoo's tiger."
Each team only discovered the other experiment after they'd written a paper about their own results. Instead of competing, the two decided to combine their results and publish a paper together.
"We are excited that this new method could be used in the wild. Scientists have been looking for belter ways to track endangered animals without affecting them. If researchers know where animals live, they can do a better job of protecting them. The next step is to figure out how to take this method into nature," says Dr. Bohmann.
(1)、Which is the feature of DNA in the air?A、It is usually preserved shortly. B、It was thought difficult to collect. C、It is too small to be found and classified. D、It was collected for other researches before.(2)、How did both teams of scientists collect DNA samples?A、By equipping the zoos with filters. B、With the help of vacuums and fans. C、By keeping animals in the laboratory. D、With the help of advanced microscopes.(3)、What does the underlined word "scarce" in the fourth paragraph mean?A、Characteristic. B、Dangerous. C、Various. D、Rare(4)、What does Dr Bohmann think of the study?A、Special. B、Perfect. C、Meaningful. D、Complex. -
2、 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Inventions born out of love
Garbage Disposers (处理器)
John W. Hammes, an architect from Wisconsin, created the InSinkErator in 1935. Hammes got the idea after watching his wife spend time wrapping food in newspaper and throwing it out. The InSinkErator is a device, put under a kitchen sink between the sink's drain (排水管)and the trap. The disposal unit tears food waste into pieces small enough—generally less than 2 mm in diameter(直径) —to pass through the drains.
Surgical Gloves
William Stewart Halsted, M. D. (1852-1922)was a well-known US surgeon who is often called the "Father of Modern Surgery". Known for his strict insistence to sterile(无菌的) working conditions, Halsted invented rubber gloves that allowed his colleagues to lessen the transfer of germs(细菌)during their work. Yet the initial reason why he created them is more romantic than you would think. Knowing Caroline, a nurse, suffered from a skin diseuse during her work, Halsted invented the gloves especially for her and gave them to her as a gift after their marriage
Band-Aids
When Josephine Knight Dickson from New Jersey kept cutting herself while cooking for her family in the 1920s, her husband, Earle Dickson, stepped in. Dickson, a cotton buyer for Johnson &Johnson, according to the company's website, decided to invent a temporary adhesive (有黏性的) bandage for his wife. His creation became the Band-Aid we all know and use today.
Magnetic (有磁性的)Shirt Buttons
Maura Horton's husband, Don, was a football coach who had Parkinson's disease. One day, after Don struggled to button his shirt before a game, Horton decided there needed to be a better clothing option for people suffering from a disability. So, Horton designed a shirt with magnetic buttons in 2012. These buttons will finally allow everyone to dress and undress themselves efficiently.
(1)、What's the function of the InSinkErator?A、It can clear sink pipes. B、It can recycle kitchen waste. C、It can remove food waste easily. D、It can extend the service life of sinks.(2)、For whom did William invent surgical gloves?A、A nurse. B、The patient. C、The surgeons D、His colleagues.(3)、Which is the latest invention?A、The InSinkErator B、Band-Aids C、Surgical Gloves. D、Magnetic Shirt Buttons. -
3、 听录音,回答问题。(1)、What will the man do right after graduation from high school?A、Go to university. B、Travel in the world. C、Do voluntary work.(2)、What's the man interested in?A、Traditional Chinese architecture. B、Ancient buildings in his homeland. C、Famous buildings around the world.(3)、What does the man's father wish him to be?A、A doctor. B、A teacher. C、A lawyer.(4)、What's the man's goal?A、Living in his own green house. B、Designing environment-friendly houses. C、Raising money for poor children in London.
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4、 听录音,回答问题。(1)、What language does the woman suggest?A、French. B、German C、Spanish.(2)、How did the woman learn a new language at first?A、By using an app. B、By taking an online course. C、By attending a language school.(3)、What is the man?A、A programmer. B、An engineer. C、A teacher.(4)、Why does the man want to learn a new language?A、To study abroad. B、To design programs. C、To inspire his students.
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5、 听录音,回答问题。(1)、When and where will they gather tomorrow?A、At 7: 00 on the bus. B、At 8: 00 on the bridge. C、At 6: 00 at the gate of the hotel.(2)、What can they do at The Rocks Markets?A、Watch the sunrise. B、Enjoy original artworks. C、Visit famous historical sites.(3)、Which place is the woman looking forward to visiting?A、The museum. B、The market. C、The bridge.
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6、 听录音,回答问题。(1)、How many courses can a student choose?A、One. B、Two. C、Three.(2)、Who will the woman turn to for help?A、Her parents. B、Her professor. C、Her friend.
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7、 听录音,回答问题。(1)、What does the woman think important about the apartment?A、The transportation. B、The price. C、The size.(2)、How much is the house rent a year?A、$2, 000. B、$2, 700 C、$7, 200.
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8、 What should be done before opening a door in a fire?A、Sound the alarm clock. B、Make sure the door is cold. C、Go directly to the emergency exit.
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9、 How are the man's shoes?A、Worn out. B、Out of fashion. C、Too tight.
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10、 What's the woman?A、A pilot. B、A taxi driver. C、An airport receptionist.
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11、 Where are the speakers?A、In the kitchen. B、At a shop. C、At a restaurant.
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12、 What's the woman busy with?A、A concert. B、An exam. C、A party.
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13、 假定你是李华,上周你校外教Mr Smith做了一场关于提高英语写作技巧的讲座,你的同桌Brian因病未能参加。请你写一封邮件,和他分享讲座相关情况。内容包括: (1)表达问候;(2)讲座的主要内容;(3)你的感受。
注意: (1)写作词数应为80左右;(2)请按如下格式作答。
Dear Brian,
Yours, Li Hua
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14、 任务型读写
The Meredith family lived in a small community. As the economy was in decline, some people in the town had lost their jobs. Many of their families were struggling to make ends meet. People were trying to help each other meet the challenges.
Mrs. Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman. She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor. She knew they had problems, and they needed all kinds of help. When she had time, she would bring food and medicine to them.
One morning she told her children about a family she had visited the day before. There was a man sick in bed, his wife, who took care of him and could not go out to work, and their little boy. The little boy—his name was Bernard—had interested her very much.
"I wish you could see him," she said to her own children, John, Harry, and Clara. "He is such a help to his mother. He wants very much to earn some money, but I don't see what he can do. "
After their mother left the room, the children sat thinking about Bernard. "I wish we could help him to earn money," said Clara. "His family is suffering so much. "
"So do I," said Harry. "We really should do something to assist them. "
For some moments, John said nothing, but, suddenly, he sprang to his feet and cried, "I have a great idea! I have a solution that we can all help accomplish (完成). "
The other children also jumped up all attention. When John had an idea, it was sure to be a good one. "I'll tell you what we can do," said John. "You know that big box of corn Uncle John sent us? Well, we can make popcorn (爆米花), and put it into paper bags, and Bernard can take it around to the houses and sell it. "
注意:(1)续写词数应为150左右;(2)续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1:
When Mrs. Meredith heard of John's idea, she thought it was a good one, too.
Paragraph 2:
With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business.
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15、 语法填空
Two graduates,from Central China Normal University in Wuhan,Hubei Province,using the names Wanwan and Chaochao, ( upload) a 17-minute video online late last year about their lives over the past five years.
In the video,Wanwan, has taken up a dozen jobs since graduating five years ago,said she now only has 5,000 yuan. Her roommate Chaochao got a master's degree in script writing (编剧) from Communication University of China. But consequence of a tough job market,she had great difficulty ( obtain) a job in the film industry. Last year,she started to learn painting but she said she had to work part-time as a cleaner at a hotpot restaurant to support ( she).
"When you can accept your failure,you will feel that it is not that bad. When working at the hotpot restaurant,my biggest (comfortable) is that I won't starve to death no matter what is next," Chaochao said. "There are many roads in our lives,and no matter which direction you go,you will (eventual) find your own road. "
The video was one of the trending videos of last year,gaining more than 5. 44 million views and more than 26,000 comments since it ( release),with many netizens sharing their own failures in the comments section.
Netizens said they were warmed by their courage to share failures with the public,strong determination ( achieve) their goals,optimism in the face of hardships spirit of never giving up.
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16、 阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It's never easy being the new kid in school,especially when you look a little bit different from everyone else. Aside from the usual1 about not knowing anyone at Henderson High School in Tennessee,15-year-old Sergio Peralt a 2 that people would laugh at him for his 3 . Sergio's right hand didn't form fully at birth. "In the first days of school,I honestly felt like 4 my hand in my sleeve (袖子)," Sergio admitted. "Like nobody would ever find out. "
It turns out that his fellow students were a lot more 5 than he assumed. In fact,when the school's engineering teacher 6 Sergio's hand,he suggested the students in his class should 7 him. The school is equipped with online modeling software and a 3 D printer,so the teacher suggested a real-life 8 that would benefit both the students and Sergio. Several engineering students 9 began working on a prosthesis(假肢) for their new classmate.
"'We could build your prosthetic hand,' they 10 me and I never expected it," said Sergio. Students worked with Sergio to get the prosthesis right,and when it was finished,it 11 all expectations. Sergio was now able to 12 a baseball using his right hand for the first time in his entire life. Beyond the practicality of having a 13 prosthesis,Sergio felt something even more powerful:He fit in.14 being teased for his disability,he was celebrated and assisted. "They changed my life," said the 15 teen.
(1)A 、 curiosity B 、 guilty C 、 nervousness D 、 sympathy(2)A 、 announced B 、 worried C 、 remembered D 、 admitted(3)A 、 performance B 、 ambition C 、 quality D 、 difference(4)A 、 waving B 、 extending C 、 hiding D 、 ignoring(5)A 、 open-minded B 、 nature-loving C 、 absent-minded D 、 hard-working(6)A 、 trained B 、 covered C 、 treated D 、 noticed(7)A 、 follow B 、 help C 、 challenge D 、 join(8)A 、 application B 、 appointment C 、 invitation D 、 explanation(9)A 、 temporarily B 、 hesitantly C 、 eagerly D 、 impatiently(10)A 、 promised B 、 warned C 、 advised D 、 questioned(11)A 、 set up B 、 lived up to C 、 ruled out D 、 fell short of(12)A 、 catch B 、 transform C 、 select D 、 replace(13)A 、 familiar B 、 safe C 、 useful D 、 similar(14)A 、 Regardless of B 、 Apart from C 、 Due to D 、 Rather than(15)A 、 brave B 、 grateful C 、 generous D 、 considerate -
17、 阅读七选五
While there are numerous tools to help you determine your strengths,try starting with these questions. Be as honest,clear,and objective as possible.
What are your top three qualities or strengths? . To make it easy,send an email to 20 of your closest friends and family members. Tell them you need their help in identifying your three top qualities or strengths. You'll quickly start receiving responses. Start a list from the answers you receive. . Take the three most common answers and use them as your guide.
What do you do every day? Most people tend to spend time on the things they like to do rather than the things they don't like. . If you find yourself easily making time to read to your kids but avoid making dinner,this behavior could be telling you something. People move toward things they're naturally good at doing.
?What people think you do and what they say about you are two different things. For example,they may think you're cleaning all day long but still think you're a terrible housekeeper. So you need to question people about it and tell them it's okay to tell the truth because this is about your personal development.
What is one mistake you keep repeating? Albert Einstein is known to have described insanity (精神错乱) as doing the same thing over and over but expecting different results. Are you caught in the insanity trap? For me,it was making bread. For years I tried to get my dough (面团) to rise into a nice cottony loaf. . I had advice from friends,watched videos online and tried different recipes all to no avail. I've accepted that I can't make bread and it's okay.
A. Every time I created a hard rock
B. The first step is to ask for advice
C. What do you like to talk about
D. What do other people say about you
E. You'll find a lot of qualities are repeated
F. The truth is we don't have to be good at everything
G. It's often the struggle between the two that causes problems,not the activities
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18、 阅读短文,回答问题
Do you know the websites that let you name a star after your beloved one,your kid or your dog for a small fee?Yeah,those are all fake— you could pay me to "name" a star for ﹩50,and I'll take your money and show the name online. I'll even send you a fancy certificate!It seems that you've named a star,but it just doesn't count.
Actually,the only organization that owns official naming rights is the International Astronomical Union,or the IAU. It was founded in 1919 and based in Paris,France. It is where astronomers and other professionals have reached the agreements and is the official record-keeping body for all discoveries in space.
Recently they do open up an opportunity for the public to name a dozen of planets outside the solar system. These planets will be among the first to be studied with the James Webb Space Telescope. However,they currently only have boring and complicated documents that were used to find them. That's why the IAU is looking for something more interesting.
But before you start naming the planets,you should know the rules. First,nothing is rude or annoying. Second,the name should be less than 16 characters long and pronounceable in at least one language with no commercial or business names and nothing is named after a living individual or a pet.
The competition,named "Stars Worlds",is open next Thursday,January 20th. It's the third such contest the IAU has held,and the purpose is to get the public more interested in science as well as the organization. The competition also helps to break centuries of European dominance when it comes to naming things in the night sky. So people around the world can share the joy of discovery and make their mark in history.
(1)、How does the author introduce the topic of the passage?A、By listing figures. B、By taking an example. C、By offering a solution. D、By showing differences.(2)、What can we know about the IAU from the passage?A、It was founded by France. B、It studies the space telescope. C、It organizes trips to the space. D、It has the right to name the stars.(3)、What is the last paragraph mainly about?A、Why the competition is held. B、How the competition develops. C、What to expect in the competition. D、How to take part in the competition.(4)、Where is this passage most likely taken from?A、A novel. B、A textbook. C、A diary. D、A magazine. -
19、 阅读短文,回答问题
Around seven out of every ten Americans who work in offices do their work in an open environment,defined as at desks without meaningful partitions (隔板),according to an International Facility Management Association survey. That is,if they even have a desk——workers may be assigned only a few feet of a communal(共用的) table. The open-plan office space trend,popularized by creative agencies and technology start-ups,went mainstream because of the belief that open-space environments support innovation. More nearness between employees,the thinking went,would create more interaction and teamwork,promote social interaction and urge productivity.
But in fact,purely open-plan offices have been shown to have the opposite effects,creating so much distraction(分心) that employees stayed away from each other. A study funded by Harvard Business Sehaol,the results of which were published last year,tracked what happened when a British company moved its employees from traditional office space,with offices with walls,to an open office. Face-to-face interaction became less——employees spent 72 percent less time interacting with their colleagues. Instead of talking more with each other,the employees put on headphones and began communicating by text and email. As digital communication channels surged , productivity declined.
Neuroscience also holds some clues as to why the tight quarters in communal work spaces——where workers are only given about half the space they were given a decade ago——are so hard to work in. "The human voice sets off the most powerful emotional response in our auditory(听觉的)experience. Voice above 55 decibels(分贝)—— roughly the sound of a loud phone call——causes measurable stress," according to a Wall Street Journal article, "The Neuroscience-Optimized Office". "Even more troublesome are overheard 'halfversations',in which the listener only knows about one side of a dialogue;our brains automatically imagine the other," wrote authors John Medina and Ryan Mullenix.
But the solution,say experts including Newport,isn't to go back to putting everyone into offices with walls.
(1)、What can we learn about the open office trend according to paragraph 1?A、It allows 10 people at most to work together. B、It is believed to stimulate workers' creativity. C、It is only popular with new technology companies. D、It is aimed at promoting workers' social interaction.(2)、What does the underlined word" surged"in paragraph 2 probably mean?A、Suspended timely. B、Became useless. C、Cost less. D、Increased quickly.(3)、What makes an open office hard to work in?A、Hearing endless noisy phone calls. B、Showing real emotions publicly. C、Facing communication barriers at work. D、Hearing part of a dialogue between colleagues.(4)、What will probably be discussed in the following paragraph?A、What are benefits of the open offices with walls. B、Why the open office makes workers distracted. C、How to deal with the disadvantages of the open office. D、How to draw workers' attention to their colleagues nearby. -
20、 阅读短文,回答问题
It had always been assumed that the rarity of lightning in ocean storms was due to cleaner air over the vast seas,but keen observations have shown that even highly polluted air is associated with reduced lightning at sea when sea spray aerosols(气溶胶) are abundant. In their paper published in the journal Nature Communications,an international team of researchers describes their multi-year study of atmospheric conditions over the oceans bordering Africa and what it showed about salt in sea spray aerosols and its impact on lightning.
The researchers obtained atmospheric data on Africa and the oceans around it for the period 2013 to 2017. The data included numbers of lightning flashes,rainfall,temperatures and cloud representations. They looked for differences in atmospheric conditions in storms that occurred over land versus those that occurred over the sea and found one main difference:the amount of salt in the air.
Lightning is produced when upwardly moving air in clouds forms ice crystals(冰晶)—aerosol particles then begin to bump into one another,creating an electrical charge. Lightning happens when the electrical field in one part of the cloud becomes positively charged ( usually at the top of the cloud) and another negatively charged (usually at the bottom of the cloud). And clouds form,of course,when vapor evaporates(蒸发) from the surface of the Earth and the water drops bond with aerosols.
The researchers found that things are slightly different over the ocean. When water evaporates from the sea,it bears a load of salt. When the salt water bonds with aerosols to form water droplets,they tend to be bigger and heavier than those that form over land due to the salt—and that results in more of the water in the clouds falling as rain before it can rise up and form ice crystals. The result is far fewer lightning discharges.
The researchers suggest their findings could be useful in improving the accuracy of both climate models and meteorological reports. It could also possibly lead some to attempt to seed storm clouds with salt to reduce their severity.
(1)、What is the common belief of lightning over oceans?A、Lightning pollutes the remote sea. B、Polluted air leads to less lightning at sea. C、Cleaner air results in less lightning at sea. D、Cleaner air contributes to more lightning at sea.(2)、How does the author mainly develop paragraph 3?A、By presenting facts. B、By listing similarities. C、By giving examples. D、By making comparisons.(3)、How do water droplets on land differ from those at sea?A、They drop much faster. B、They contain more water. C、They are bigger and heavier. D、They are smaller and lighter.(4)、What can be the best title for the text?A、Salt in Sea Spray Worsens Storms over the Sea. B、Salt in Sea Spray Keeps Lightning Strikes Away. C、Lightning Strikes Are More Common over Oceans. D、Sea Spray Is Found Evaporating Faster over Oceans.