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To understand just how deeply anchoring shapes our thinking, consider a landmark 1974experiment by Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman, the pioneers of behavioral economist. Researchers asked participants to estimate the percentage of African nations in the United Nations. Before guessing, they spun (旋转) a wheel that randomly stopped at either 10 or 65. Although these numbers were completely random, the results were striking. Those who saw 65 gave estimates about 20% higher than those who saw 10. Subsequent studies have reproduced the same effect across cultures, suggesting this is a universal human tendency rather than a cultural-specific phenomenon.

The anchoring effect appears everywhere in daily life. When shopping, we compare prices to the original "suggested sale price," which serves as an anchor. In salary negotiations, the first number mentioned often determines the final agreement. Even in courtrooms, judges' sentences can be affected by the initial sentencing recommendation. Marketing professionals frequently take advantage of this bias by presenting higher "original" prices next to sale prices to make discounts appear more substantial.

While the anchoring effect is powerful, we can learn to overcome it. Being aware of this bias is the first step. Other strategies include seeking multiple viewpoints, taking time before making important decisions, and relying on factual data rather than first impressions. Some organizations now use "anchor-free" decision processes where there are no initial numbers during evaluations. As research continues, scientists are exploring how culture and technology might influence this fascinating aspect of human psychology, with potential applications in education and behavioral economics.

Commonly found in Central America, South America and Africa, the ants search forest floors in long hunting lines. When they encounter a gap between leaves or branches, they build a bridge, linking themselves together like a group of monkeys. "The workers will string themselves across that gap, and then other workers will walk on top of them," Isabella Muratore, an expert at the New Jersey Institute of Technology told NPR. "Basically, they create shortcuts to make things easier for the other ants or just to allow them to travel across something that they otherwise couldn't."

Muratore studied the ants' decision-making by intentionally placing objects which block their way. She said the ants build bridges where they get the greatest benefit for the least amount of bodies, and she identified a sweet spot where the gap is large enough to justify building a bridge, but not so large that it takes too many ants to do so. She also found that a string of bridges can influence how much ant power the ants are willing to invest in each individual bridge. Importantly, despite individually having small brains, the ants collectively weigh the costs and benefits of a bridge, Muratore said.

David Hu, a professor of engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology, said "this type of research is casting new light on the collective intelligence of army ants." He compares the individual ants to "neurons (神经元) ina big moving brain." with no singular ant deciding where to build bridges.

The collective decision making of ants also has implications for human technology. Engineers have already applied such behaviors learned from ant research to building algorithms (算法) for self-assembling robots. "Ants are kind of existence proof that such robots would actually be able to survive and have a lot of interesting problems to solve in the real world." Hu said. "Ants are really capable at solving these things with really, really little brainpower."

In addition to his primary role as an English teacher at a vocational (职业的) school in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, Peter Stanleigh, a Canadian, is also a Santa to homeless children, a guide, and an environmentalist. He has selflessly served various roles while leading a foreign volunteer team.

Having settled in Wuxi since 2001, Stanleigh is much better known by his Chinese name — Tang Lei. As the first foreign volunteer registered in Wuxi, he poured the majority of his spare time and energy into social welfare. "Lei Feng is a hero of volunteerism. So I long to pass on to other people the spirit of volunteering. I have been honored with the name Yang Lei Feng, something I carry nobly," said Stanleigh.

Over the past two decades, Stanleigh has continuously expanded his public welfare efforts. In addition to volunteering in the English corner every week, he and his wife also make appearances at nursing and welfare homes, crowded cross ways and scenic spots — just like Lei Feng, who compared himself to a small yetindispensablepart inside a machine while wholeheartedly serving the people.

Stanleigh's volunteer service time registered in Wuxi has now gone beyond 5,000 hours. "I think that a person is judged not by what he does but by what he does for others. My life is better because someone else's life is better," he said. The Lei Feng spirit, a noble moral strength towering geographic limitations, is perfectly demonstrated in the deeds of countless foreign volunteers like Stanleigh throughout China.

Explore the best of Southeast Asia on one of our exciting budget tours Enjoy Thailand, Lao, Vietnam and Cambodia as experienced guides will lead you on an adventure. Cover all the must-see highlights, as well as the lesser-known hot-spots while backpacking Southeast Asia. This southeast Asia backpacking tour is guaranteed to be the trip of a lifetime

Duration:13, 20 or 31 days

Days:Click onBOOK NOW to see availability

Suitability:General level of fitness required

Age: 18‒35

We offer three tour options in Southeast Asia.

Choose from:

· The first half of the tour: 13 days from Thailand to Vietnam

· The second half of the tour: 20 days from Vietnam to Thailand

· The full loop (环线): 31 days from Thailand to Thailand

On arrival in Thailand, you will begin your tour in Bangkok. For the 20 days option, you' ll pick up the tour in Hanoi in Vietnam.

TRAVEL ARRANGEMENTS

Arrival day:

· For those starting in Bangkok, you will meet the group on day 1 before 17:00

· For those starting in Hanoi, you will meet the group on day 12 at 10:00

Departure day:

· For 13-day people, those departing in Hanoi will finish on day 13 at 11:00

· For those on the 20 or 31-day tour, you will finish at 16:00 in Bangkok

Accommodation

· You will be staying in thoroughly checked accommodation that is clean and comfortable.

· The group will be staying in the same accommodation and you can expect to share a room with 4‒8 people.

· If you would like to have your room upgraded for your tour, you can pay extra.

· We can also arrange an airport transfer £40 each way from Bangkok and £50 from Hanoi.

· A detailed accommodation list will be provided prior to departure.

Things didn't go as I'd hoped. My mother's cancer spread. The doctors were saying she had only months to live, making the 45-minute drive from my mom's place in Maricopa, Arizona to my apartment in Gilbert longer by the day.

Nothing stood out.

Then I saw movement. Behind a fence on the right. Goats! Running and jumping with total abandon. Maybe 20 of them. Seeing them was so completely unexpected, I laughed out loud. Where had these crazy creatures come from? I'd made this drive hundreds of times and never seen them before. They looked so carefree. I had to check them out.

I pulled over, walked to the fence and sat beside it. I was content just to watch them do their thing. But a young white goat with floppy (松软的) ears came running up to me. Close enough to touch. I couldn't resist. I touched its soft coat, and it edged closer, nuzzling (用头或脸紧贴) against me.

Something rose through me, pushing away the sadness, filling the emptiness. Love. Pure love. What I'd been searching for my entire life. It warmed my soul. I'd done nothing to earn this goat's affection.

Yet it had been given to me.

Finally I left, practically floating to the car. "I'll see you soon," I told the goats.

A few days later, I brought Mom there. We sat along the fence, occasionally petting the goats but mostly just watching. After Mom's death, I wasn't sure what I should do next, only that it needed to involve goats.

"I want to get a goat of my own," I told my husband one day. "One I can train to be a comfort animal to bring happiness to those in need."

That's how I found myself visiting a goat farm. There were plenty of goats in sight.

注意：

1. 续写词数应为 150 个左右；

2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Then one goat caught my eye.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The next day, I couldn't wait to take the well-trained Wally outdoors to do comfort work.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1. 问候身体状况；

2. 提出合理的饮食建议。

注意：

1. 写作词数应为 80 个左右；

2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Dear Fred,

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

Another advantage is________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

Zha Jiang Mian, which translates into "Fried Sauce Noodles," is a popular Beijing noodle dish (top) with zhajiang sauce and is unique to every family. It's so famous in China that the mere mention of it immediately makes people think of Beijing.

Originating in Shandong, zhajiangmian was introduced to Beijing by Qing Dynasty Emperor Guangxu and Empress Dowager Cixi during a trip from Beijing Xi'an. They went into a restaurant and ordered a bowl of zhajiangmian. Both found it amazingly (taste). Then, Empress Dowager Cixi commanded the chef who made the 'fried sauce noodles' be brought (cook) for them in the palace in Beijing. And it is said from then on, zhajiangmian has become more and more popular in Beijing and around China.

Modern zhajiangmian represents Chinese home cooking at its finest. Native Beijingers and northerners all have a slightly different take on this dish. Some like it (salty), while some like it sweeter. Some will even top it with raw garlic for extra kick.

Unfortunately, it also may be a (disappear) art. A commenter noted that it (be) quite some time since she had a (true) delicious bowl of zhajiangmian.