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The algorithm relied in part on how the school's students had historically been more successful on the exam. Schools with richer children tended to have better track records, so the algorithm gave wealthy students - even those on track for the same grades as poor students - much higher predicted scores. High-achieving, low - income pupils whose schools had not previously performed well were hit particularly hard. After threats of legal action and widespread demonstrations, the government backed down and canceled the algorithmic grading process entirely. This wasn't an isolated incident: In the United States similar issues troubled the International Baccalaureate exam, which used an opaque (不透明)   artificial intelligence system to set students' scores, prompting protests from thousands of students and parents.

These episodes highlight some of the traps of algorithmic decision - making. As technology advances, companies, governments, and other organizations are increasingly relying on algorithms to predict important social outcomes, using them to distribute jobs, forecast crime, and even try to prevent child abuse. These technologies promise to increase efficiency, enable more targeted policy interventions, and remove human imperfections from decision-making processes. But critics worry that opaque machine learning systems will in fact reflect and further keep shortcomings in how organizations typically function - including by establishing the racial, class, and gender prejudices of the societies that develop these systems.

But there is an even more basic concern about algorithmic decision-making. Even in the absence of systematic class or racial prejudice, what if algorithms struggle to make even remotely accurate predictions about the track of individuals' lives?

And then what? What's the next great leap in humans' quest for the secrets of the universe? When it comes to the near future scientific exploration, there are a few areas of the solar system that will be receiving some special attention.

First off there's Venus, a planet which was a relative paradise (天堂), with oceans and a pleasant atmosphere. Something went terribly wrong there a few billion years ago, and NASA has scheduled a series of missions to explore what exactly is going on there.

At the other end are the gas giants. Several of the satellites of Jupiter and Saturn are covered in thick sheets of ice, and underneath that ice sit oceans of liquid water. NASA has missions planned to investigate those mysterious worlds, hunting for any signs of possible life hidden deep within.

As for us humans, Mars is certainly the grand prize in the coming decades. If we have the adequate drive and funds, we can establish a semi - permanent presence on the red planet, keeping crews working and studying in person on the Martian surface. The other planets of our solar system are not so suitable for people to settle on. Mercury is too close to the Sun for comfort and too far away from the Earth.

Over the coming decades humans expect to see a rise of "space hotels", set up for visiting tourists and scientific explorations. Naturally, turning the space rock into a habitat for humans is not very practical considering our current level of technological maturity, but in my best estimation, it's the next easiest thing to accomplish... after the Moon and Mars, of course.

The weekend after Dad's diagnosis (诊断), Mom had sent the same text to each concerned relative and friend: Jay was diagnosed with Pick's disease. We are going back to the doctor for more information. Then Mom put down the phone, rubbed her forehead, and suggested that we go for a drive. On the interstate, we passed a board with clear red letters: "Fredericksburg peaches, the best fruit you can find in Central Texas." Mom went to negotiate with the stand owner.

Now in our kitchen, the sweet smell of peach juice drifted into the living room and pulled Dad away from the football game on TV.

"Oh! You got peaches?" He eyed the fruit with childish glee (欢快).

"Here," I handed him a knife. "We're making peach pie."

I showed him how to peel the skin off. As I made pie dough, he asked questions: How long does it take to bake? Are you adding sugar? How many peaches? What should I do with the seeds? Showing him how to slice and measure and mix in a calm, firm voice, I suddenly felt grown up.

The summer had reversed our roles; now, I was the adult. I stayed home all summer and cooked his dinner, washed his T-shirts and helped him make phone calls. I stayed up late thinking about him and monitored him like an anxious caretaker.

The same day, before the afternoon drive and peach pie, I had held my tears as I read the diagnosis for Pick's disease: four to ten years, depending on how fast the damaged proteins overpower Dad's brain. I decided then that I would be grateful for just four more years with Dad, enough for him to see me become an adult for real.

注意：

1. 词数80左右；

2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Tom,

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

Ding Wenxin, who comes from Xinyu city in Jiangxi province, is a freshman-to-be majoring in sociology at Peking University, one of the most well-known (university) in China and his dream school. After being accepted, Ding wanted to start his college life a special way: cycling to the university. Considering factors including his physical fitness, the weather traffic conditions, he decided to start his cycling journey from Shanghai. After cycling 1,328 kilometers in 15 days, Ding (arrive) at Peking University on Aug. 19, the registration day for undergraduates.

It was not easy journey. "I tried my best to complete the trip. (struggle) to cycle day and night, I felt quite tired and even there was a time when I wanted to give up. However, there was a specific destination in my mind all the way as well as my friend's encouragement, gave me the courage to continue my journey," Ding said.

On that day the university (official) posted a message on the Sina Weibo (新浪微博) (welcome) Ding and send good wishes for his future life. Ding hopes to join student societies such as the Cycling Association and Mountaineering Association of Peking University and explore faraway places with like-minded friends, enriching(he) university life.

It goes that a master wanted to go to India. In those days, they didn't have the modern1 that we do today, so the master went to India on foot. When he arrived at India, he saw a lot of fruit to sell, but much of it was too expensive. So when he saw a large basket of some very red, long fruit, and thought it might be the least2 in the shop. Thus, he went up and asked, "How much per kilo?" And the shopkeeper said, "Two rupees." Two rupees in India was3; it was like dirt. So he bought a whole kilogram of the fruit and started eating it. But after he ate some of it: Oh, my God! His eyes watered; his mouth was burning; so was his head and his face became4. As he coughed and choked and gasped for breath, he5 up and down, saying, "Ah! Ah! Ah!" But he still continued to eat the "fruit"!

Some people who were looking at him6 their heads and said, "You're crazy, man. Those are chilies! You can't eat so many; they're not good for you! People use them as a condiment (调味品), but only a little bit to put into food for7. You can't just eat them by the handful like that; they' re not fruit!" So the stupid master said, "No, I can't stop! I paid money for them, and now I'll eat them. It's my8!"

And you think that master was too stupid, right?9, we sometimes do a lot of things like that. We10 money, time or effort on a relationship, business or job. And11 the previous bitter experience tells us it won't work, and we know there's no more12 that things will change better in the future, we still continue just because we've invested money, time, effort and love in it. If so, there is something wrong with the13. Just like the man who ate the chilies and suffered so much but couldn't stop because he didn't want to14 the money he had paid.

So even if you've lost something, let it go and move on. That's better to learn to15 than continue to lose.