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According to a recent study in Science, pigs are providing convincing new evidence that animals may respond emotionally to music. The finding may lead to ways to improve their welfare on farms. "It's a really neat study that shows animals are more emotionally attuned (音感好的) to music than people think", says Charles Snowdon, an animal behaviour expert at the University of Wisconsin.

Music is sometimes used as enrichment for animals and other captive animals. And Snowball the dancing cockatoo (凤头鹦鹉) likes to dance to the Backstreet Boys. But whether these creatures have a true emotional response to the tunes is unclear. That's what the new study aimed to do — but with pigs. Coauthor Maria Camila Ceballos, an animal welfare scientist, says she chose these animals because they are intelligent and social, and face serious welfare challenges on factory farms.

The researchers composed music that were either consonant or dissonant. To humans, consonant music generally sounds pleasant whereas dissonance tends to sound uncomfortable. The team then filmed six litters of young pigs listening to the music, which was played in a random order with a break in between.

The researchers scored the pigs' body language using an approach called QBA. Pieces of consonant music were linked to the pigs experiencing positive emotions, whereas the dissonant music was linked to negative emotions, the team reports this month in Scientific Reports. "So we found that, yes, music generates different emotions," Ceballos says.

Animal welfare scientist Jun Bao from a university in China is skeptical about whether Ceballos's team detected emotions, however. He recently found that exposure to music increases play and tail wagging in pigs, which he sees as signs of a "positive mood". However, he says it's not clear that pigs labeled as "happy" or "uneasy" through QBA actually experience those emotions.

Ceballos hopes the study will help researchers create welfare-improving music, tailor-made to a specific species. Bao also agrees, adding "It's really interesting, because if it works, it would be the handiest and cheapest way to enrich their environment."

As much as I love watching Olympic diving, I've never understood why athletes hurry off to the showers and then proceed to relax in a hot tub (热水浴池) after each dive. They're already wet. They're only in the pool for a handful of seconds, so it's not like they need to get cleaned up. And doesn't taking a shower serve the same purpose as sitting in a hot tub?

Actually, that's what Olympic divers usually do between dives as they know very well about the importance of warm-ups and cool-downs. So, what's the actual reason?

As it turns out, showers and hot tubs are used pretty interchangeably by the swimming pool. However, there is a need for both. First, let's start with why divers need to take a shower between dives. It has to do with body temperature and keeping their muscles relaxed.As you can imagine, practicing dives in the pool, then having to keep your body warm in a shower, and then jumping off a 10-meter platform and into cold water couldn't be comfortable for anyone. Going back and forth between these warm and cool temperatures can cause a diver's muscles to tense or cramp up(痉挛)，which can lead to injuries to the muscles. Showers allow an Olympic diver to recover and prevent that.

In that way, showers and hot tubs serve the same purpose. A hot tub is generally used if you have a bit more time between dives and have already stretched. The shower walls on the pool deck can typically provide enough space for more divers at the same time, and they're especially helpful for athletes who need to stretch or who only have a few minutes be tween dives. Just like Olympic swimmers depend on thick clothes to keep their muscles warm, Olympic divers rely on these methods to stay loose. If you ask me, it's not a bad way to pass the time!

Discover Jiangsu

Known as shui xiang, or "the land of water", China's coastal province of Jiangsu has all the geographical advantages to give it a starring role in the epic tale of China's ancient Maritime (海上的) Silk Road. With busy port cities, historic sites and breathtaking natural beauty, Jiangsu is the perfect place to trace the story of this remarkable trade route.

Nanjing and the voyages of Zheng He

At the dawn of the Ming dynasty the city of Nanjing in Jiangsu was declared capital of China. As well as building one of the longest city walls in history, the emperor ordered the construction of vast "treasure ships" in 1403. Under the command of legendary seafarer Zheng He, the fleet embarked on seven epic ocean voyages, reaching as far as the east coast of Africa.

Nantong and overseas trade

In Jiangsu's port city of Nantong, goods have flowed in and out of the province by water for centuries. Today, fleets of hardy fishing boats catch yellow croaker, seabream, sea crabs and more. Beyond Lusi Port Town, a busy seascape of boats travel on the waters of Jiangsu's coast. It's a scene that shows how China's historic Maritime Silk Road continues to thrive and grow to this day.

Yancheng and unspoiled nature

Salt was one of the commodities that played a key role in the history of trade in Jiangsu, contributing to the wealth and prosperity of the province. A major source was the tidal salt flats of Yancheng, which literally means "salt city". This remarkable landscape also plays host to the epic migrations of rare bird species like cranes, egrets, and spoonbill sandpipers.

Yangzhou, Lianyungang and the exchange of ideas

In the Jiangsu city of Yangzhou, a Tang-dynasty monk by the name of Jianzhen set sail to Japan to spread the teachings of Buddhism. Daming Temple, where Jianzhen lived, can still be visited today.

Centuries earlier, Buddhism first settled on Jiangsu's shores. Kongwang Mountain in Lianyungang has some of China's earliest examples of Buddhist art. These carvings show how the Maritime Silk Road helped spread religion across China.

注意： 
1.词数100左右； 
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Aimed at enriching our after-school life and develop our awareness of protecting our traditional culture, a Chinese folk music club is scheduled to be found soon. So club members are required now. Whoever had a good command of traditional Chinese folk music is warmly welcome to join in the club. The club will undoubtedly hold a variety of appealing activities, which are of greatly benefit to you. It is a club that you are bound to enjoy yourself while gaining knowledges and joy. Therefore, it is so a golden opportunity that you'd better not miss it.

To sign up for the club, you are supposed to hand in your person information to the Student Union by e-mail before the evening of May 3rd.

Hope all the students will take active part in it.

NASA is planning its first-ever mission to bring dirt and rocks from Mars back to Earth, but before that historical event happens, the space agency has to figure out （exact）how to protect our home planet from any alien microbes（微生物）that might come along.

This week, the agency is holding public meetings and looking for feedback on its plan （land）a spacecraft carrying Martian specimens at a U. S. Air Force testing range in Utah in the early 2030s.

"Maybe this is the most important environment al （assess）that humans have ever done," says Peter Doran, a geologist at Louisiana State University who studies life in extreme environments. Having a rock sample from Mars here on Earth would let researchers run detailed lab tests to look for evidence of this cold, harsh, rocky world was once habitable（可居住的）or maybe even inhabited.

For researchers, this is long-held dream. Discussion about such a miss ion （go）on for decades, and it will take billions of dollars to accomplish. Until recently, there hasn't been a lot of focus on the details of the sample return facility because （science）didn't think it was going to happen.

NASA officials are working out a plan to safely collect the samples: A spacecraft would land on Mars and launch a container full of the previously （collect）rock samples into orbit around the planet. Once in orbit, this container could be swallowed by another container— a big fish eating a little fish—to keep anything that had touched Mars in-side and then it would （seal）.

Liz Woodward was on her midnight shift at the Route 130 Diner located in Delran, New Jersey. At around 5 in the morning, she noticed two 1 come into the diner. When she asked what they 2 , they asked for their "biggest" cup of coffee.

The poor firefighters, Tim and Paul, looked 3 . A nearby warehouse was on fire. It was one of the biggest 4  of the news that day. She 5  that the two men came from their shift. She knew they had a 6  night.

After helping with the fire for 12 long hours, they badly needed coffee. When they asked for the 7 , the two men were surprised when they saw a note. The note 8 , "Your breakfast is on me today. Thank you for all that you do, for 9 others and for running into the places everyone else runs away from." As it 10 , their waitress, Liz Woodward, heard everything, and she was so grateful for the 11 of the front-liners that she 12 to take care of their bill.

Touched by the waitress' 13 , Tim decided to post it on social media, and it went viral. What they didn't expect was that Liz, 14 needed help. Tim and Paul 15 a GoFundMe page that Liz had started a year before. It was for her father, Steve, who was badly ill. They needed a custom 16 , a wheel-chair accessible van（面包车）.

When the 17 became viral, more people donated to the GoFundMe account. A famous maker of the vehicle they wanted 18 a MV-1 to Steve! Liz and her family couldn't believe how her simple act of kindness created a chain of 19 events. For Liz, she was just thankful that there are people who would devote their lives to serving the country and its people. She didn't expect anything 20 but got so much for her kindness anyway.

In stressful times, the art of making people laugh could help to relieve pressure. We all know that laughter is the best medicine.  It creates physical changes in your body that accelerate healing and protect you from harm. Scientists tell us that people who can laugh at their own misfortunes bounce back faster and stronger.

If you have trouble seeing the funny side of your own failures, then you might find some useful advice in the story of a friend of mine, who developed an unpleasant reaction to garlic for which his doctor prescribed（开处方）a short course of ointment（药膏）and suppositories（栓剂）.

After a few minutes, the chemist, standing at the far back of the shop, shouted at the top of her voice, "I've got your ointment, but I'll have to order your suppositories!"

Following a short yet strongly uncomfortable silence, she came forwards to the counter and said, "" "Yes, you did," was my friend's quiet reply. I asked him how he was able to see the funny side of such an embarrassing incident and he said, "If I was standing in the shop and this had happened to someone else, it would have been funny. "

Laughing at yourself doesn't make you a fool. It makes you strong, confident and self-assured. We all make mistakes; we all forget, trip, take wrong turns. They cannot learn and will repeat the same mistakes, over and over again.

A. Sorry, I shouted that, didn't I?

B. Sorry, you didn't hear what I shouted, did you?

C. So it's no less funny, just because it happened to me.

D. When someone denies a mistake, they become proud.

E. He took the prescription to the drug store and waited patiently.

F. The feeling you get when you feel bad about a mistake is embarrassment.

G. There is much scientific research proving that laughter does more than cheer you up.

The area of tropical forest destroyed in 2021 was enough to cover the entire island of Cuba, and sent more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere as India does in an entire year from burning fossil fuels, according to an analysis published on Thursday.

Some 11.1 million hectares（around 43,000 square miles）of forest was destroyed, mainly by logging（伐木）as well as fires, the analysis by the World Resources Institute's Global Forest Watch and the University of Maryland found. Some of those fires were deliberately lit to clear land and many were deteriorated by climate change.

The loss was less severe than that in 2020, but deforestation（毁林）is still occurring at an alarming rate in the tropics. Of the area lost, 3.75 million hectares were primary tropical forest at the equivalent of 10 soccer fields every minute, WRI reported.

Primary tropical forests in particular are crucial for the ecological balance of the planet, providing oxygen that supports life and as biodiversity hotspots. They are also rich in stored carbon, and when these forests are logged or burned, they release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming.

"What's important to understand is that forests, especially tropical forests, are part of the global climate system," WRI senior fellow Frances Seymour told CNN. "So they're not mechanical carbon storage devices. They actually influence the energy transfer and the moisture content of the atmosphere in ways that affect rainfall and global circulation patterns."

"When deforestation happens, when forests are lost, it not only contributes carbon to the atmosphere, but also disrupts rainfall patterns and increases local temperatures in some ways. For example, it makes remaining forests more vulnerable to fire and the warmer, drier conditions that come with climate change," Seymour said.

Many people try to make society change for the better. The real challenge is how to get good solutions to scale up（按比例放大）for major change. New research suggests that social change may depend on the relationship between beneficial behaviors and policies.

The research, conducted by the University of Maine, University of Vermont and Université Laval in Quebec, Canada, attempted to understand how society can accomplish major, transformative social change, particularly the kind of social change necessary to solve the growing problem of climate change.

The researchers studied a behavior that benefits groups, but does not spread without policy support, such as a costly measure to relieve the effects of climate change. They created a mathematical model, which simulates（模拟）a society where agents live in groups and adopt the beneficial behavior of peers. That behavior, given the right conditions, can spread like viral, but not if the institutional costs are too high.

"Large-scale social change is not just policy or behavior, but the emergence of a new self-reinforcing（自我强化）system that combines both. This allows us to ask new questions, such as ‘how would a new pattern of behavior and policy spread?'" says Laurent Hébert-Dufresne, lead author of the study.

The results showed that both behavioral change and policy change are required to achieve large-scale social change—and that they need to happen together. Though neither can get the job done on its own, policy change is especially critical. They found that sometimes the beneficial behavior can spread too far. In some cases, the spread of behavior beyond groups with supporting policy can reduce its perceived success and slow the spread of the policy, thereby limiting beneficial social change overall.

In future research, the team aims to apply these types of models to all sorts of beneficial social change, particularly the challenge of tackling climate change.

Good Morning Britain （GMB） launches special "listening benches" in order to solve loneliness. EastEnders star Maisie Smith joined Susanna and Martin in the studio to talk about her involvement in a special part of the 1 Million Minutes campaign —GMB's special "listening benches" across the country.

Six special "listening benches" have been designed by six celebrities, and can be found in six cities across the UK—and they're in place to encourage people to strike up a conversation. Maisie joined the show to share why the campaign is important to her.

"I'm always very open about mental health," Maisie explained. "It doesn't matter who you are, where you're from, what you have—everyone is going through something and I just think the world would be a kinder place if everyone understood that."

"I think especially growing up in the limelight（引人注目）as a teenager, you're very judgemental of yourself when you do see comments of other people judging you. It can add to the stress of the things you're already going through. I think people do think I'm confident because I cover my nerves with a big smile and that's what I've been doing in my whole life."

Susanna asked Maisie if she had a technique for dealing with her nerves. "It depends on what it is," said Maisie. "A lot of the time— and it's going to sound really stupid—but I write a script. I write down all of the questions that I could be asked and try to come up with something so that my brain won't go blank when I'm under pressure."