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New research suggests that one night of sleep with just a small amount of light may have negative effects on health. 

The small, 20-person study conducted by Dr. Phyllis Zee, director of the Center for Circadian (生理节奏的) and Sleep Medicine, was designed to measure the physiological effects of 100 lux (照度) of artificial light on healthy adults while they were sleeping. For the study, all the participants spent their first night sleeping in a mostly dark room. The next night, half of them slept in a better lit room. Meanwhile, the researchers ran tests on the sleepers: brainwaves, heart rates and blood. In the morning, they'd give both groups a large amount of sugar to see how well their systems responded to it.

The group exposed to the light had raised heart rates throughout the night, and also had trouble getting their blood sugar into a normal range. 

These changes suggest the small amount of light was enough to shift the nervous system to a more excited and alert state. "It's almost like the brain and the heart knew that the lights were on, although the individual was sleeping," says Zee.

While the findings of this study alone can't predict what would happen in the long term, Dr. Colwell suspects the harmful effects would be cumulative: "This was only one night, so imagine if you' re living that way constantly?"

"That's going to increase the risk of long-term diseases," says Dr. Charles Czeisler whose research has looked at the consequences of circadian rhythm sleep disorder for longer than just one night. He concluded that the unpleasant effects were primarily because of the "internal clock" being disturbed — not necessarily because of the lack of sleep.

This is not to say that the lack of sleep doesn't also have negative effects on health — it does — but he says it simply stresses the lasting consequences of being exposed to light at nighttime.

"People think that as long as they fall asleep and are unconscious, it's not having physiological effects, but that's simply not true," Czeisler says.

There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life.

Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master one's field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up.

Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also weaken a sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion (排除) of others can hold back your true spirit.

Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective (视角) into specific fields of expertise (专长). The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills.

Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. "I don't know where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm on this pursuit. "

These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad, general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy.

Life finds me on the Isle of Islay, Queen of the Hebrides. I am the warden(管理员) of The Oa Reserve, a 2,1oo-hectate nature reserve and working farm owned by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds.

It was always a dream of mine to live in Scotland. The friendly nature of the island communities, the landscape, beautiful coastlines and above all--the wildlife. The amazing wildlife. So, here I am: living and working on the west coast of Scotland in a dream job. But things weren't always this way.

My school life never really amounted to much. I didn't go on to higher education and my early working life was sloppy (马虎的), at best. Much of this was due to my disinterest in the work I was doing. I worked in factories, shops, warehouses and even a castle. I was always unsettled and uninspired. I never knew how to channel my interest and passion for nature into a paying job. Wildlife and nature had been part of my life since my youth. I remember my childhood with great fondness: I would read bird books, paint fact files for each species and get lost in the natural world.

In 2014, the opportunity I so badly needed finally appeared a paid training with Durham Wildlife Trust. I was given all the basic skills and training for habitat control, wildlife surveys and ground management works. In October 2015, I became the reserve warden for the Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust (WWT), where I stayed for just under half a decade. As happy as I was, new opportunities dared me to dream even bigger. The time had come to take my next step, to continue to grow within my career.

So, this is where I am now: living in the middle of a nature reserve, with golden eagles, red deer and hen harriers as neighbors. I feel as if I'm the luckiest man alive.

Teen Ink's Program and Camp Guide for Teens

Teen Ink's list of programs and camps has something for every teenager. If you have attended one of our listed programs, please take a second to write a comment about your experience. You can also write a longer review of any summer program, trip or activity.

Elite College Tour

Berkeley, CA

Education Unlimited offers two week-long college tours of 10 famous schools in California or along the East Coast with lots of fun and hiking along the way! Our California College Tour includes top schools throughout the state on this well-organized and fun-filled tour. Students arrive in San Francisco and make their way to San Diego. The tour includes housing at business class hotels, and enjoy walking along the way, including Disneyland! Along the way, students take college tours, meet with admission staff, and learn something about their future colleges. Besides, we can stay in a campus dorm so students can get a taste of college life.

The Oxbow School: Summer Art Camp & Semester Program

Napa, CA

The Oxbow School offers Art Camp programs for teens from schools across the nation and abroad. Oxbow's courses, centered on a self-reflective (反思的) way to art making, offer students rich chances to learn in a good learning environment.

St. Vincent College: Challenge Program

Latrobe, PA

This program offers teens the exciting Hunger Games and Elizabethan-era knowledge, in which teens will find fun events, courses, adventurous activities and campus housing for one or two weeks along the West Coast!

A freezing downpour washed the street in front of the small-town bar. I sat gazing into the watery darkness,alone as usual. I had been in that old bar for half an hour, quietly drinking, when my thoughtful eyes finallyfocused on a medium-sized lump(一团) in a puddle(水洼) a hundred feet away. For another ten minutes, I lookedout through the window trying to decide if the lump was an animal or just something.

The night before, a German dog named She p had come into the bar begging for potato chips. He was starvingand just the size of the lump in the puddle. Why should a dog lie in a cold puddle in the freezing rain? I askedmyself. The answer was simple: Either it wasn't a dog, or it was, he was too weak to get up.

The wound in my right shoulder ached all the way down my fingers. I didn't want to go out in the storm. Hey.it wasn't my dog. It was just a stray on a cold rainy night. a lonely drifter(流浪者). So was I. I thought. as I tossed(扔) down what was left of my drink and headed out the door.

He was lying in the three inches of water. When I touched him, he didn't move. I thought he was dead. I putmy hands around his chest and raised him to his feet. He stood unsteadily, and his head hung like a weight at theend of his neck. His floppy ears were just hairless pieces of flesh dotted with open sores(伤口).

"Come on, Shep," I said, leading him to a corner next to the bar, where he lay on the cold cement and closedhis eyes. A block away I could see the lights of a late-night convenience store. It was still open. I bought threecans of dog food and fed him. Hecouldn't swallow but poorly look at me. He was dying!

注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右：2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

The local vet(兽医) was still at his office, so I loaded the poor creature into a taxi and headed there.

Three days later, when I opened the door of the vet's, Shep welcomed me with wild enthusiasm.

注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Dear Chris,

Yours,

Li Hua

Acting was, is and always will be the first love of the National Peking Opera Company's new vice-president, Tian Lei, Chen Nan reports.

Huguosi Street was one of Beijing's (busy) commercial roads in the olden days. It also (house) the residence of Peking Opera master Mei Lanfang (1894-1961). Not far from Mei's address, the first theater for Peking Opera (perform) was created in 1954, five years after the founding of the People's Republic of China.

The neighborhood(change) over the decades, but the theater still stands tall and is(current) managed by the National Peking Opera Company. Tian Lei treasures the hours he spends there, trainingand rehearsing(排练). Wearing a costume and(arm) with a prop spear(道具长矛), the 42-year-oldwalks confidently across the stage,(practice) a variety of martial art movements, before ending thedrill with a liangxiang (striking a pose on the stage).

Tian has been working with the opera company for 10 years. Its premises(处所) are10-minute drive from the theater and his colleagues train there. He, however, prefers the historic stage."I come tothe theater almost every day because I enjoy the peace and emptiness this building offers. Rehearsing here helps me feel closer the Peking Opera masters once graced the stage," he says.

A new week began. Marcus entered the school. 1 , he cried out, "What happened to the stadium?" Someone had painted faces on the stadium wall!

All students were whispering with 2 about the graffiti(涂鸦). Possible explanations spread likewildfire around the school.

Later, when Brian cleaned the blackboard, Marcus suddenly spotted the paint on his hands. He 3 that it was Brian who did it. After school, Marcus followed Brian and 4 on what he was doing. When Brian opened his locker, Marcus saw small cans of paint!He decided to 5 it to Mr. Johnson.

The next morning, Brian was called to the principal's office. The moment Mr. Johnson 6 asked about the graffiti, Brian cried. 7 , Brian explained that he liked to paint, but he couldn't join the art club because he had to go 8 home after school to babysit his little brother. "I'm sorry. I'll clean the stadium," he sobbed.

Though angry at first, Mr. Johnson began to soften as he realized how 9 Brian was. "Brian, painting graffiti on school walls is a very serious matter.Of course you should clean and 10 the wall." Mr. Johnson paused, "11 I must say, those paintings are quite good. Did you do it alone?" Brian nodded, "Yes. I'm good at painting."

Mr. Johnson thought for a moment before making a (n) 12 . "Well," he said, "some teachers suggested that we hire a local artist to paint our school mascot on the school wall. Would you like to participate in that?"

"Really?" Brian hesitated, 13 to believe it.

"Yes, but it's hard work, and we can consider it part of your 14 ," Mr. Johnson said, trying to hide his 15 as he picked up the phone.

Color is in everything we touch, taste, smell and feel. It evokes(唤起) emotion without any thought. We are all familiar with it, but do you know the following facts?

Silver will save your life. When buying a new car and finding yourself facing various choices, you can't think clearly. Your best choice is to go with silver. Silver-colored cars are least likely to be involved in a car accident.Another reason is the silver color's ability to have a look of cleanliness.

Tough prisoners and crazy patients? It is the color commonly used to help calm down those who are out of control.So it surely has a useful place and a purpose, other than decorating a dress or Barbie's dream house.

Yellow makes you hungry. Yellow and orange are not recommended for use in kitchens, as they have apositive influence on your appetite.I'm not normally one for conspiracy(阴谋) theories- but perhapsthere's something in it for them if we remain ignorant of yellow's effects.

Color is an imaginary friend. Technically, it's all in our heads: color does not exist at all.So, it you start a heated debate over color combinations with someone that you are certain has a low IQ or is just color-blind, remember it's a pointless argument and you should drop it instantly. You're both wrong.

A. Pink comforts the nerves.

B. Blue is the most common favorite color.

C. They are most noticeable on the road and in low light.

D. Yellow-colored walls seldom leave us wanting more food.

E. It can be the focus of our careers, our lifestyle and the fun we have.

F. Then where would our restaurant owners be without the clever tricks?

G. Color tries to make sense of the huge amount of information from the outer world.

Humans are not the only ones who underwent self-domestication. So did our close relatives, the bonobos,and the species we call our best friend. A tiny proportion of the genome(基因组) differentiates dogs from wolves,and yet millions of dogs are comfortably curled up in our homes, while wolves move around at the edge of extinction.

When our research group began its work almost 20 years ago, we discovered that dogs also have extraordinary intelligence: they can read our gestures better than any other species. Wolves, in contrast, are mysterious and unpredictable. Their home is the wilderness, and that wilderness is reducing.

But not so long ago the evolutionary race between dogs and wolves was so close, it was unclear who would win. Dogs, in fact, did not descend from wolves. Instead, dogs and wolves shared a wolf-like ancestor.

Folklore supposes that humans brought wolf puppies into camp and domesticated them. Or as wolf expert David Mech wrote in 1974,"Evidently early humans tamed wolves and domesticated them, eventually selectively breeding them and finally developing the domestic dog from them." But this story has not held up. Taming an animal occurs during its lifetime. Domestication happens over generations and involves changes to the genome.

So how did wolves turn into dogs? Back in the Ice Age, as our human populations grew more sedentary, we probably created more rubbish, which we then dumped outside our camps. These leavings would have included tempting pieces of food for hungry wolves. Notevery wolf would have been able to scavenge(觅食，拾荒),however. These animals would have had to be unafraid of humans, and if they displayed any aggression toward us,they would have been killed.

After generations of selection for friendliness without intentional selection by humans, this special population of wolves would have begun to take on a different appearance. Coat color, ears,

tails: all probably started to change.

Animals that could respond to our gestures and voices would be extremely useful as hunting partners and guards. They would have been valuable as well for their warmth and companionship, and slowly we would have allowed them to move from outside our camps to our firesides. We did not domesticate dogs. The friendliest wolves domesticated themselves.