相关试卷

  is it from your home to school?

Sam  read Journey to the West . 

People in Europe are soon to have another choice when looking for meat at food stores or choosing a meal at a restaurant. Instead of the usual meat from an animal, they may soon be able to buy a kind made from plants and shaped by 3D printers. 

The Israeli company Redefine Meat makes the substitute (替代品) meat. It is called "New Meat". It looks and tastes like meat. It is shaped by the printer that creates real objects of different materials—not just paper. New Meat is already sold in Great Britain, Germany and the Netherlands. Some restaurants pay $40 per kilogram for New Meat.

Eshchar, a Redefine Meat founder and leader, says the food has all the qualities of real meat but is just made in a different way. 

Success is not guaranteed (保证) in the substitute meat market. However, another company that makes such products is Beyond Meat in the Unite States. Over the summer, Beyond Meat said it did not expect sales of its product in 2023 to reach the number it wanted. 

Meat made from plants are seen as better for animals and the environment. But according to some recent marketing surveys, people don't often buy substitute meat. That's because ____.

A: Hi, Frank! What are you busy doing these days?

B: Hi, Helen! 

A: Oh, what's it about?

B: 

A: Environment? Sounds serious. Tell me more about it. 

B: Um... It seems that we have two main problems. One is that the rivers are badly polluted. The

water is very dirty. 

A: 

B: Oh, the other is that the trees in the mountains are getting fewer and fewer. 

A: It's true. We should do something to make the rivers cleaner and the mountains greener.

B: You're right. And we should also plant more trees.

A: 

B: Why not? Welcome!

A: Thank you. 

① What is your earliest childhood memory? Adults seldom call back events much earlier than the year before entering school, just as children younger than three or four seldom remember any specific, personal experiences. 

② An explanation is suggested by psychologists (心理学家) for this "childhood amnesia"(童年失忆). Now Annette Simms, a psychologist of Riverdale University, offers a new explanation for it. According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use someone else's spoken description in order to turn their short-term, fast forgotten impressions (印象) into long-term memories. In other words, children have to talk about their experiences and hear others talk about them.

③ So why should personal memories depend so heavily on hearing them described? 

④ Dr. Simms says that the human mind organizes memories in that way. Children whose mothers talk with them about the day's activities before bedtime can remember more of the day's special event than those whose mothers don't. Talking about an event in this way helps a child to remember it.

⑤ "The key to creating this mental life story is language, " says Dr. Simms. "Children learn to talk about the past," she says. "Talking to others about their short-term memories of the past leads to the establishment (建立) of long-term memories. " The child learns that this "word-description" of an experience can then be stored in the memory and called back at any time. But a child's language skills are usually not ready for this until the age of three or four, so they have no way to remember the earliest of their experiences.

"That Tom is going to make a lot of trouble. He kept putting cotton into Martha's sack (麻袋)," Sambo told Legree that night.

"Then we'll have to give him a lesson. " said Legree.

Slowly the tired slaves (奴隶) came into the room for the weighing of the sacks. First Legree weighed Tom's sack, and it was enough. Martha's sack was next. The weight was enough, but Legree shouted at her.

"You lazy animal! This is not enough! Stay here and wait. " He finished weighing all the other sacks, and then turned to Tom.

"Come here," said Legree, "I want to give you a better job than picking cotton, and you can start tonight: take this woman and whip (鞭打) her — you know how. "

"I'm sorry, Master," said Tom. "I can't do it. "

Legree whipped Tom across his face and then hit him with his fists many times. 

"There!" he said. "Now will you tell me you can't do it ?"

"Yes, Master," said Tom, with blood running down his face. "I will work night and day, but I will never whip another person".

"I bought you, and you're mine, body and soul (灵魂). " he said, kicking Tom.

"My soul isn't yours! You can't buy it!"

"We'll see," said Legree, "Sambo, Quimbo, give this dog, a lesson. "

It was late at night, and Tom lay bleeding alone, among pieces of broken machinery. He heard a noise. 

"Who's there? Please, give me some water!"

It was Cassy. She helped him drink and then she cleaned his wounds and put something soft under his head. Tom felt better. 

—Adapted from Uncle Tom's Cabin

At a school soccer field in Rongjiang County, Guizhou, thousands of people, both villagers and tourists, are gathering to see a big event — the "Village Football Association (Village FA)".

It is an exciting and fun soccer competition happening in a village. The people who live there organized it, and it has become really popular online lately. The competition takes place every Friday to Sunday from May 13th to July 29th. There are 20 teams made up of 16 different ethnic groups(民族) taking part in. The players, who come from local villages, have different jobs like butchers, farmers, and building workers. Instead of getting trophies (奖杯) as prizes, they receive things like salted meat, red eggs, and even live animals. 

Yang Yajiang, the vice president of the soccer association in Rongjiang County, says, "____" Even though the players are not professionals (职业选手), they come together as a team and compete no matter what the result is.

Some of the people supporting the teams are in their 80s and don't even know the rules of the game. But they still show up to cheer for their village teams. This spirit of unity isn't just found in one village, but it's seen among people from all over the country. Can you imagine a scene where after a match, suddenly 50,000 supporters from different ethnic groups come together to sing a song called "Me and My Country"?

Village FA is also a special event for the locals to show their culture. During breaks between matches, there are colorful performances by people from different ethnic groups. They sing, dance, and even have fashion shows where they wear traditional costumes. 

Why did Chinese people have more than one name in ancient times?

In ancient China, people's names had three parts, their family name, given name and courtesy name. Take famous poet Li Bai for example. His family name, which came from his father's name, was Li. His given name was Bai, and his courtesy name was Taibai.

People used their given names when they were among family members. But in social life, they called each other by their courtesy names to show respect. This was mostly done among people of similar ages. If you were talking about yourself, or if your elders were talking about you, the given name would be used instead of the courtesy name. 

Men would get their courtesy names when they turned 20. It was a symbol of adulthood (成年礼). Women would get their courtesy names after getting married. 

One's courtesy name often had something to do with one's given name. For example, the name of Mencius was Meng Ke. His courtesy name was Ziyu. Both Ke and Ziyu mean "carriage (马车)". Zhuge Liang's given name was Liang, which means "bright". His courtesy name was Kongming, which means "very bright".

Reading the store guide before going shopping in a department store can help you save a lot of time. Here's a store guide that shows what is on each floor of a department store.

Long ago, an old teacher's last time came near. He called his son and said,"Son, I have spent my whole life educating 1 . At the moment I want to tell you something important. "

Listening to this, the son was looking at his father 2 . Just then his father said,"But before that, go and bring a piece of coal and a piece of sandalwood (檀香木) to me. "3 the son found this very strange, he did as his father asked.

He found a big piece of coal and held it in one hand. And then he broke off a piece of sandalwood from the tree with the other hand. After getting both things, he 4  to his father. 

His father asked him to drop both things 5 his hands right there. He did as his father asked and then wanted to6 his hands. However, his father stopped him and said, "Wait, son. Show your hands. See, this hand turned7 as you held coal in it. Even after you threw it away, soot (煤灰) still remains in your hand. Such is like the company of 8 people. It hurts to be with them and even if they are not there, you still face bad 9 . " Then looking at the other hand, the father said,"But being with good people is like holding this sandalwood piece. You get lots of knowledge from them and even 10 they leave, fragrance (芳香) of their good thoughts will always remain with you. "

Traveling is fun and it gets more 1  when we take a long trip for the first time, all alone. 

We had planned that I would visit my grandparents with my parents. But since 2  

unexpected job came up for my parents, I chose 3  alone. From then on I was nervous and excited about 4  the trip would go. 

5 the day of the trip, my mom packed my bags, prepared food for me and then 6 me a 30-minute lesson on being careful and staying away from 7 . She also told me that I should phone 8 at every station that I went through. Throughout the journey, I was not sleepy at all. I kept 9 my book, and didn't say much to anyone asking me questions.

I kept phoning my mom at every station. 10 , I reached my destination (目的地) after the three-hour journey. There, my grandparents were waiting to collect me. I was very happy to have completed my first trip alone and loved it. 

注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

提示词：配音dubbing

Dear Jim,

……

Yours,

Li Hua

"What if…?" thinking is anytime you try to guess the future outcome of an action you take. For example, "I want to ask for a pay raise but what if…?" Your mind then fills in the blank with many alternate scenarios, almost all of them negative.

It's a powerful combination of focusing on the negative and the unrealistic. It causes you to suffer through events that may not even happen as you try to predict the future and work out how you'll cope with all these possible（yet unlikely）scenarios. But the absolute worst thing about "what if…" thinking though, is that it tries to convince you it's helping. You tell yourself that you're just preparing yourself, you're protecting yourself. But "what if…" thinking rarely leads to taking practical, preventative actions. Instead, you torture yourself by imagining all sorts of terrible outcomes, all in the name of being "prepared", the idea of which is captured beautifully by this quote:"Do not be fooled by 'what if…' thinking! You are not a fortune teller. Even if you were, mentally rehearsing how you'll cope with a negative outcome has limited usefulness. You're much better off just coping with the situation once when it happens." By torturing yourself imagining all the possible bad things that could happen, you end up living through all these horrible possibilities that you don't have to.

Even if you do get it right, and one of the negative scenarios is the outcome, you're unlikely to remember your well-rehearsed comeback or safety strategy in the heat of the moment.

Another separate problem with "what if…?" thinking is that it makes you so fearful of all these potentially hideous outcomes that it stops you from actually living through the situation, if you can at all avoid it.

By stopping yourself from acting, not only do you cut off the potential benefits of actually asking, but you also cut off the opportunity to see that your predictions were wrong—because you don't test them out by entering the situation regardless. Unchallenged like this, "What if…" thinking seems like it actually protects you and seems even more "helpful" next time around.

Once you've decided on a course of action, "what if…" has got much louder and soon will stop you from taking action. I like to not give them an opportunity. Once you've made a decision, force your own hand: make the phone call straight away, enroll and pay for the course, make an appointment in your calendar, etc. before your fears and negativity even get a chance to get up off the couch.

A Way Out of Social Anxiety: Volunteering and Acts of Kindness

As a socially anxious introvert, I can attest（证明）to the benefits of serving others through volunteering in my community.

A volunteer job doesn't need to require stepping into a busy room full of 100 people at a school or hospital. This kind of work is much more suitable and agreeable for introverts.

When I help elders or people with disabilities who are more isolated and lonelier than I am, I feel my nervousness and self-consciousness disappear. My social awkwardness loses its grip on me when I'm focused on helping someone else rather than myself or my social performance. Unlike showing up at a job interview, business meeting, or speaking engagement, working as a volunteer with people in need takes the spotlight away from being measured or judged.

Social scientists have an apt name for stressful social situations where we need to perform and would likely be judged or evaluated. The "social-evaluative threat" is particularly threatening for people with social anxiety as stress hormones rapidly increase. Any time we are in evaluative situations where we are judged by others, we face this social-evaluative threat and endure a sudden rush of stress hormones that increase anxiety. Yet when we are in situations where we are offering casual acts of kindness or nurturing others we tend to feel less threatened or judged by others. Helping others and sharing simple acts of kindness does not pose such a social-evaluative threat, but instead, calms and soothes us. Neuroscientists have studied the warm glow of doing good that makes us feel good.

"Kindness may help socially anxious people," says Dr. Lynn Alden, a psychology professor at the University of British Columbia. She found that acts of kindness may help to counter the socially anxious person's fear of negative evaluation by promoting more positive perceptions and expectations of how other people will respond.

A. Some people are naturally reserved while others are rather outgoing.

B. In social anxiety disorder, fear and anxiety lead to avoidance which can disrupt our life.

C. Indeed, my own act of kindness has always been a sure bet to bring me out of my shell.

D. Instead, my volunteer service consists of quiet one-on-one visits with isolated older adults.

E. When I am giving my free time to help others, I feel truly liberated in my mission to serve.

F. High-performance events such as public speaking or job interviews can be really unbearable.

G. She and her colleagues conducted a study with 115 undergraduate students who had reported high levels of social anxiety.

In our information-driven society, shaping our worldview through the media is similar to forming an opinion about someone solely based on a picture of their foot. While the media might not deliberately deceive us, it often fails to provide a comprehensive view of reality.

Consequently, the question arises: Where, then, shall we get our information from if not from the media? Who can we trust? How about experts—people who devote their working lives to understanding their chosen slice of the world? However, even experts can fall prey to the allure of oversimplification, leading to the "single perspective instinct" that hampers（阻碍）our ability to grasp the intricacies of the world.

Simple ideas can be appealing because they offer a sense of understanding and certainty. And it is easy to take off down a slippery slope, from one attention-grabbing simple idea to a feeling that this idea beautifully explains, or is the beautiful solution for, lots of other things. The world becomes simple that way.

Yet, when we embrace a singular cause or solution for all problems, we risk oversimplifying complex issues. For instance, championing the concept of equality may lead us to view all problems through the lens of inequality and see resource distribution as the sole panacea. However, such rigidity prevents us from seeing the multidimensional nature of challenges and hinders true comprehension of reality. This "single perspective instinct" ultimately clouds our judgment and restricts our capacity to tackle complex issues effectively.

It saves a lot of time to think like this. You can have opinions and answers without having to learn about a problem from scratch and you can get on with using your brain for other tasks. But it's not so useful if you like to understand the world. Being always in favor of or always against any particular idea makes you blind to information that doesn't fit your perspective. This is usually a bad approach if you would like to understand reality.

Instead, constantly test your favorite ideas for weaknesses. Be humble about the extent of your expertise. Be curious about new information that doesn't fit, and information from other fields. And rather than talking only to people who agree with you, or collecting examples that fit your ideas, consult people who contradict you, disagree with you, and put forward different ideas as a great resource for understanding the world. I have been wrong about the world so many times. Sometimes, coming up against reality is what helps me see my mistakes, but often it is talking to, and trying to understand, someone with different ideas.

If this means you don't have time to form so many opinions, so what? Wouldn't you rather have few opinions that are right than many that are wrong?

Research from the University of Pennsylvania has shown that social media users are likely to share posts that contain information that they feel is relevant to themselves or to the people they know. In other words, people share posts that they believe to have value—either to themselves or to their relationships with others.

A new study has found that merely encouraging people to consider the value led to increased activity in the areas of the brain associated with sharing decisions and increased a person's motivation to share an article.

"A lot of prior research on what makes posts go viral has focused on identifying the characteristics of messages that are shared often or not shared often," says lead author Christin Scholz. "We're looking at the neural mechanisms of sharing decisions. Targeting those mechanisms could be a way to encourage the spread of high-quality health information."

During the study, led by senior author Emily Falk, participants were instructed to consider sharing articles about healthy living from The New York Times while their brain activity was measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI）.

Inside the fMRI scanner, participants were asked to think about sharing an article with a specific goal in mind: to either "help somebody"（use the article to relate positively to others）or to "describe yourself"（use the article to present yourself positively to others）. As a control, participants were assigned the neutral "to spread information" goal.

"In all areas of life, people want to present themselves in a positive light or to relate positively to others," Scholz says. "Our method encourages people to identify ways in which they can fulfill these motives through the sharing of health articles. If they are successful, they should be more likely to decide to share the article."

After reading the headline and summary of a health-related article, participants were asked to consider what they might say or write to another study participant if they were to share the article with them, keeping in mind their assigned goal. Finally, participants rated their likelihood to share the article in real life.

Thinking about sharing in terms of how it might help someone else not only increased activation in brain regions associated with self-related thinking, value-related thinking, and social-related thinking（particularly mentalizing—the act of imagining what others are thinking）, but also increased a person's self-reported willingness to share an article.

"I think we're only scratching the surface in terms of how you could encourage people to share high-quality health information," Scholz says. "A health communicator might want to focus on being accurate and clear and not have to worry about whether their content is emotional to get clicks. We're trying to find ways to focus on the would-be sharer, to help them find personal meaning in sharing content that can benefit others and society."

Horseback Riding

Fourth-grader Maliah McCaster strolled into her classroom at Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Elementary School in New York, holding a toy pony.

In just a few hours, she would board a school bus alongside her classmates and head out for a morning of horseback riding. The weekly activity comes through a partnership with Victoria Acres Equine Facility in Guilderland, which offers a therapeutic riding program to empower individuals with disabilities.

Special education teacher Morgan Grimm said the activity, which takes place twice a week, has allowed Maliah, who has autism, to connect with others and enjoy a learning environment outside of a traditional classroom.

"She's a super sensory girl. On the days that we're not here, she's seeking a lot more attention and her behaviors are a bit increased. But on the days we come back from the farm, she's a lot calmer," Grimm said. "We're seeing an increase in her making sentences and her overall language."

The 10-year-old is one of four students with autism who are participating in the pilot program, officially launched at the Guilderland farm earlier in the spring. They recently had their fourth riding session.

Victoria Acres, founded in 2012, provides more than 2,300 riding lessons and therapies every year. The recent addition of an indoor riding facility has allowed the nonprofit to expand its programs year-round, providing an average of 48 lessons per afternoon.

Despite the busy schedule, the farm pays extra attention to the health and well-being of its eight therapy horses, ensuring each animal participates in a maximum of three half-hour sessions each day. Many of the animals are older, which makes them especially suitable for therapy due to their gentle, calm nature.

Like other nonverbal students, Avery uses a "tap-tap" motion to signal the horse to move forward. His feet barely reach the stirrups, but he looks at ease and confident as he rocks back and forth atop the gentle giant.

"He looks like a cowboy," said Kristin Munrett, principal of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Elementary.

As the children explored the property with their support staff, pointing at the donkeys and watching the horses graze, it was clear why the executive director of the nonprofit, Erin Pashley, called it her happy place.

Stargazing Festivals in 2023

As more areas grow brighter with light pollution, national parks across the country have become dark-sky havens. Over the years, they are making a push to get certified as havens for sky-watching by the International Dark Sky Association, and they even host events like stargazing festivals to get travelers excited about astronomy.

·Bryce Canyon National Park—June 14-17

Situated in southern Utah, Bryce Canyon earned its dark-sky title in 2019. The35, 835-acre park is an ideal place to stay up late. This year, its annual astronomy festival includes guided stargazing sessions, lectures and "star stories" presentations, family-friendly activities, and even a performance by strings musicians in the northern Arizona-based Dark Sky Quartet.

·Shenandoah National Park—August 11-13

Conveniently located within a day's drive from two-thirds of Americans, Shenandoah National Park's night sky festival is a low-lift way to dabble in astronomy. The nearly 200,000-acre park will host ranger talks, public stargazing sessions, lectures, presentations, and activities for kids. Staffers are still working on this year's full schedule, but past events have covered topics ranging from space weather to nocturnal（夜间的） creatures.

·Great Basin National Park—September 14-16

Great Basin is one of the least crowded national parks, making it the perfect place to quietly appreciate the mysteries of the cosmos. Its annual astronomy festival is scheduled for this fall and includes guest speakers, constellation talks, observatory tours, and a photography workshop. During the festival's unique "Art in the Dark" program, participants will get to paint in low-light conditions and experiment with how their eyes perceive color.

·Joshua Tree National Park—October 13-14

Joshua Tree National Park, as the International Dark Sky Association notes, is the "nearest convenient place to go stargazing under a relatively dark sky" for the18 million people who live in the Los Angeles area. It became an official dark sky park in 2017, and each year, it hosts a night sky festival in the fall. As luck would have it, this year's dates overlap with an annular "ring of fire" solar eclipse. From Joshua Tree, the moon will appear to obscure between 70 and 80 percent of the sun.

Rachel had always been fascinated with the mysteries of the sea. She dreamed of exploring the （deep）of it and discovering unknown creatures. Her obsession intensified when she discovered an old map in her grandfather's attic（顶楼）, which showed a place marked "hidden treasure". Ignoring her mother had warned, she started a small-boat adventure. After hours of searching with no luck, a friendly giant octopus appeared, guiding her to a secret cave she found treasures beyond her wildest dreams. From this experience, Rachel （know）that the bravest seekers often find the greatest treasures.

Swedish students generally welcome AI tools in education, but 62% consider using chatbots in exams as cheating. However, the boundaries of cheating with AI remain uncertain. This result （show）in a survey from Chalmers University of Technology. The study, the first of its kind （investigate）students' attitudes towards AI in education has gathered crucial information and presented the results in an overview report. The researchers hope the survey's findings will empower students help them get a better understanding of AI's role in learning.