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Mark Twain was dismissive of those people who think it is possible for someone to learn how to write a novel. "A man who is not born with the novel-writing gift has a troublesome time when he tries to build a novel," he said. "He has no clear idea of his story. In fact, he has no story. "

British writer Stephen Fry puts it another way. He says that successful authors are those who know just how difficult it is to write a book. 

These days, however, technology is making the life of an author a little easier. For Michael Green, a US data scientist-turned-novelist, the need to use technology to simplify and streamline the writing process came when he was in the middle of writing his first book. 

With 500 pages of a complex story written, he recalls that the process became difficult to manage: "I had all these documents on the deeper aspects of the world I was creating. I was worried about not being able to keep track of it all. That is when I switched into my more data science-minded approach to solving a complex problem with a lot of different places. "

The end result was that Mr Green created Lynit, a digital platform to help authors plan and weave together the many elements that form a story, such as the themes, characters and major events. " Once the authors get a new idea that they want to bring into the story, with Lynit they are able to input it into a natural framework," he said, "As new ideas come in, they change, maybe by creating new nodes (节点) and new relationships. "

Once the book has been published, technology is also playing an ever-increasing role in publicity and connecting with readers. Websites and apps from specialist firms allow authors to participate in live question-and-answer sessions with their readers. 

Michael Green believes technology will become even more important as a new generation of tech-savvy(精通技术的) writers become more well known. "What I'm finding with Generation Zand even younger writers is that they are looking for technology to give them guidance," he said. "They see it as a tool to learn and grow with rather than extra work. "

The world may have a new supercontinent within 200 million to 300 million years as the Pacific Ocean shrinks and closes. 

Researchers at Curtin University in Australia and Peking University in China used a supercomputer to model the evolution of Earth's tectonic plates(地质构造板块) and the formation of a future supercontinent. Their findings were published in the journal National science Review. 

"Over the past two billion years, Earth's continents have collided(相撞) together to form a supercontinent every 600 million years，known as the supercontinent cycle. This means that current continents are due to come together again in a couple of hundred million years time," said lead author Dr. Chuan Huang, a research fellow in Curtin's Earth Dynamics Research Group and the School of Earth and Planetary Sciences. ;

The team's simulation showed that due to the fact that Earth has been cooling for billions of years since its formation, the thickness and strength of the tectonic plates beneath the oceans have reduced over time. As a result, the formation of a new supercontinent is more likely to happen by the closing up of the Pacific Ocean. Reducing by a few centimeters per year, the Pacific Ocean's current reach of 10,000 kilometers will close up in less than 300 million years. 

"The resulting new supercontinent has already been named Amasia because some believe that the Pacific Ocean will close when America collides with Asia. Australia is also expected to play a role in this important Earth event, first colliding with Asia and then connecting America and Asia once the Pacific Ocean closes," Huang said.

Changes in the distribution of continents and oceans will cause changes in climates, "particularly when ocean currents are stopped by continental collision, or new ocean currents are formed when continents break apart," said study coauthor Zheng-Xiang Li, distinguished professor in Curtin's School of Earth and Planetary Sciences. "Earth, as we know, will be completely different when Amasia forms. The sea level is expected to be lower, and the vast interior of the supercontinent will be very dry with high daily temperature ranges. "

Researchers expect more earthquakes as the continental plates collide. Surrounded by a new super ocean, the newly formed supercontinent will also have decreased biodiversity. 

Scientists are still trying to understand Earth's supercontinent cycle, which is driven by heat and gravity. The research team wants to establish how Earth's tectonic plates started and when the first continents formed, as well as what kicked off the supercontinent cycle. "We are only starting to look at the entire Earth system, from its core to its atmosphere, as a closely linked system that evolved together," Li said.

In most cases, people pick the easiest way out: the path of least resistance. Yet, it is the hard choice—the path of most resistance--that is more beneficial and provides most success in the long run. How do these paths differ? What are the dangers of an easy life? What are the rewards for a hard life? How do you start taking the path of most resistance?

Taking the path of least resistance means choosing the easiest available option, with little regard for its long-term consequences. For example, you eat whatever you like, whenever you like, and in whatever amount you like. It may feel nice at first but all of them have a very steep price. In that case, it's guaranteed obesity. Most people in modern world follow this path and this is why so many people struggle with a lack of self-discipline, good habits, etc. 

The path of most resistance is about choosing the option that will lead to more personal growth, even if it means suffering in the early stage of the process. For example, it may cost you a lot to quit watching TV for hours on end. But over the long term, you'll free up a lot of time that will lead to a more satisfying life than that of a couch potato. At first sight, this approach is unappealing. It requires effort and loss of pleasure, and leads to potential suffering. Yet, on the other side of all that lies a world of more confidence, self-discipline and mental resilience(恢复力). In the end, they more than make up for the fleeting superficial pleasures. 

We're lazy by nature. Some may point out that it was because of this tendency that we now enjoy so many wonders of technology that people in the past would kill to have. But ask the same individuals praising laziness if they would be happy living a life where everything is given to them the moment they think about it. They would have zero hardships, no objective in life and no obstacle to overcome and no wise human would want such an existence. 

Workshop Series

The workshop is designed for shy parents of shy children，with the unique emphasis on teaching specific methods of building your child's self-respect and social comfort level, while at the same time building your own. Participants are chosen before being admitted to the workshop to help make sure the workshop is a good fit for your needs. 

Where: Karman Executive Center, Bellevue, Washington

When: From 6:30 pm to 8:30 pm, from November 8th to 12th

Fee: $435

Intensive Training

The workshop is intended to meet the needs of adults who are unable to attend the Workshop Series due to distance or scheduling limits. It'll help you learn the basic skills that help overcome shyness. Be prepared to come to class early and set aside time for homework on Saturday night. 

Where: Karman Executive Center, Bellevue, Washington

When: Saturday & Sunday in spring

Fee: $1,150

Shake Shyness

Shy children need our help. In this class, we'll cover the basics - the origins of shyness, methods of overcoming shyness, social skills you can teach in your home, and tips for working with teachers to help your child fit in at school, etc. 

Where: Karman Executive Center, Bellevue, Washington

When: From 5:30 pm to 7:30 pm, from November 16th to 18thFee: $95

Skills Training

This is a special class for adolescents designed to teach social skills shy people are afraid to use. We'll cover everything from how to start conversations with strangers to ways to you're your nerves when you do. You'll learn what makes some people more popular than others and simple things you can do to feel more like you fit it.

Where: Karman Executive Center, Bellevue, Washington

When: From 3:30 pm to 5:30 pm, on December 18^th

Fee: $75

East China's Shandong province, where the Yellow River flows into the sea, is promoting the deep integration of culture and tourism. So far, Shandong (launch) many cultural tourism projects, making great progress in digging into the culture and value of the Yellow River(boost) the high-quality development of the region. 

One example is the Yellow River Tower in Binzhou's Puhu Lake Scenic Area, which was openthe public last year. It has become a cultural landmark of the Yellow River Basin visitors can view the river passing through the city and watch exhibitions showing (it) long history and diverse cultures. The tower offers various types of activities, such as research tours, and undertakes Yellow River-themed video competitions. 

One of the most (influence) tourism brands in Yuncheng County is the Shuihu Film Studio. It integrates film shooting and performances. There are 36 courtyards and 108 scenic spots that (vivid) display the diverse cultures of the Chinese classic novel Shuihuzhuan. 

Yellow River culture is a product of the material and spiritual advancement of the people living by the river throughout time. The local artistic (ereate) are playing important roles in the Yellow River culture. The most representative among them is Lyu Opera, unique kind of the Chinese art form (root) in Dongying, the opera has become extremely popular among tourists. 

As you sit down to breakfast, your cereal declares itself "added with vitamins and iron", your milk is "rich in calcium", and your orange juice is "packed with vitamin C". . Unchecked, these deficiencies(缺乏) can be dangerous.

. For example B vitamins help change nutrients into energy, while minerals help maintain blood pressure. Although vitamin D can be synthesized(合成) from sunlight, almost all our vitamins and minerals come only from what we eat. And that can be a problem. 

As the early 1900s progressed and revealed the existence and role of vitamins and minerals, supplements(补品) quickly became a popular way to make up for a poor diet. The United States first issued nutrient intake recommendations to the public in 1941. . Today, we know that a balanced diet will usually provide all the vitamins and minerals we need. 

. Because for many reasons, people across the developed and developing world are unable to access the right quantity, quality, and variety of food. 

Most deficiencies can be treated simply by bringing our intake of vitamins and minerals up to their RDA. . As the global population grows and it becomes even harder to ensure that everyone has the foods they need, supplements could play an important role in maintaining world health. So long as supplements remain a supplement and not a substitute for the goal of a healthy, balanced diet, they can be a welcome addition to the breakfast table. 

A. People got worse, not better

B. However, deficiencies continue

C. Vitamins and minerals play vital functions in our bodies

D. And one easy way to do this is through taking supplements

E. Almost all our vitamins and minerals come from what we eat

F. Later, the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) was introduced

G. Such labeling is the result of a century of worry that we are not getting the vitamins and minerals we need

注意：词数80左右。

注意：1. 词数80左右;2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Dear Jim,

Yours, 

Li Hua

The Great Wall, (run) for more than 20,000 kilometers, is a historical landmark with worldwide fame, but climbing it is hard. Everyone may have some knowledge of it more or less, while only a few may have the skill to (physical) engage in its restoration (修复). 

However, a WeChat mini-program, Great Wall E-tour, is allowing every enthusiast to be a hero in a virtual(虚拟的) world, in  one can not only visit the Great Wall, but also protect it. The program (attract) considerable attention in recent weeks. Around 50,000 high definition(清晰度) pictures of the Xipanjiakou site of the Great Wall are used to offer users  dramatic experience. 

Liu Yuzhu, director of the China Foundation For Cultural Heritage Conservation, says an agreement with Tencent (reach) to make people more aware of the historical landmark years ago. "We made (documentary) and published animated books in the past. These are popular, but the Great Wall is a complex structure and deserves more attention. So we tried something new," Liu says. "A chain of programs like (we) have been launched in China, with a (combine) of public education and restoration of relics(遗迹) through digitization. "  there are a lot of bottlenecks(障碍) that need to be removed, the future is bright. "There's no shortage of new ideas speaking of protecting relics," Liu adds. 

"Ding. . . ding. . . ," the bell rang. The English teacher came into the classroom with test papers in his hand. All the students shouted. The teacher 1 with a smile on his face, "I know there are too many tests for you these days, but the test today is very 2 . " After hearing the teacher's words, all the students sat up straight and 3 for the test to begin. The teacher started to give out the test papers to each student. 4 he finished handing out the test papers, he asked them to begin.

There was not a question but only a small black "X" in the middle of the paper. The students were very5 to see that. The teacher 6 the students' surprise. Then he said, "I would like you to 7 about what you see there. You must finish it all by 8 . "

All the students thought about it hard and then wrote down their answers quietly. At the end of the class, the teacher collected their papers and read the answers. 9 of them described the black "X". The next day, the teacher said, "Everybody only paid attention to the black ‘X', but nobody wrote about the white paper. " The whole class listened 10 , because they worried that they might fail the exam.

Then the teacher said, "Don't worry about the 11 of this test. I just want you to think about your life. " Everyone smiles. The teacher added, "The white paper is like our whole life and the black ‘X' in the middle of the paper is just like problems in our daily life. Do you have some more thoughts?"

Then the students discussed and expressed 12  opinions actively. Finally they understood the teacher and this special test. 

Our life is a 13  given to us by God, with love and care. 14 , we just care about the problems like illness and hunger, and never see that these problems are much smaller than everything else we have in our life. 

We should try to take our eye off problems and enjoy each moment life gives us. Only then can we start a nice 15  and find true happiness in our lives.