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New research has found that young adults who smoke both tobacco cigarettes and e-cigarettes appear to have a higher risk of stroke than those who only smoke tobacco.

Carried out by researchers at George Mason University, the new study looked at 161 ,529 participants aged 18 to 44 years of age， who were surveyed about their cigarette and e-cigarette use.

The researchers also calculated the participants' risk of experiencing a stroke, taking into account factors such as how much participants smoked, high blood pressure, diabetes, cholesterol levels, body mass index and physical activity levels.

The findings, published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, showed that the participants who smoked cigarettes and used e-cigarettes were nearly two times more likely to have a stroke compared to current cigarette-only smokers, and nearly three times more likely than non- smokers.

The team also found that participants who used only e-cigarettes had a lower risk of stroke than those who smoked only tobacco cigarettes. In fact, those who used e cigarettes on their own did not have a significantly greater risk of stroke than nonsmokers.

However, the researchers failed to find any clear benefit from switching from cigarette smoking to using e- cigarettes，even though many people believe that e- cigarettes are a "healthy" alternative to cigarettes, and a way to help smokers kick the habit. They also noted that the nicotine dependence and toxicity associated with e-cigarettes is worrying, particularly among young adults who smoke them for fun and the range of flavors.

"It's long been known that smoking cigarettes is among the most significant risk factors for stroke. Our study shows that young smokers who also use e-cigarettes put themselves at an even greater risk," explained lead investigator Tarang Parekh, MBBS, MSc."This is an important message for young smokers who perceive e- cigarettes as less harmful ones and consider them a safer alternative. We have begun understanding the health impact of e-cigarettes and concomitant cigarette smoking，and it' s not good."

"Our findings demonstrate an additive harmful effect of e-cigarettes on smokers' blood vessels, hearts and brains,"explained Parekh.

"Consider this study as a wake-up call for young vapers, clinicians, and healthcare policymakers. There is an urgency to regulate such products to avoid economic and population health consequences and a critical need to conduct further research on the benefits and risks of smoking cessation alternatives," warned Parekh.

Mr. Buxton taught me Shakespeare in 10th grade. We were reading Macbeth. Mr. Buxton, who probably had better things to do, nonetheless agreed to meet one night to go over the text line by line. The first thing he did was point out the repetition of themes. For example，the reversals of things.

What Mr. Buxton didn't tell me was what the play meant. He left the conclusions to me. The situation was much the same with my religious studies teacher in 11th grade， Mr. Flanders, who encouraged me to have my own relationship with the Gos pels.

High school was followed by college， where I read Umberto Eco's The Role of the Reader, in which it is said that the reader completes the text， that the text is never finished until it meets this voracious(渴求的) and engaged reader. The open texts, Eco calls them. In college, I read some of the great Europeans and Latin Americans: Borges and Kafka, Genet and Beckett， Artaud， Proust一 open texts all. I may not have known why Kafka' s Metamorphosis is about a guy who turns into a bug, but I knew that some said cockroach, and others, European dung beetle.

There are those critics, of course, who insist that there are right ways and wrong ways to read every book. No doubt they arrived at these beliefs through their own adventures in the stacks. And these are important questions for philosophers of every stripe. And yet I know only what joy and enthusiasm a bout reading have taught me, in bookstores new and used.

There is not now and never will be an authority who can tell me how to interpret, how to read, how to find the pearl of literary meaning in all cases.

Supposing the truth is not hard, fast, masculine, simple, direct? You could spend a lifetime thinking about this sentence， and making it your own. In just this way，the freedom to see literature, history, truth unfolding ahead of me like a book whose spine has just now been cracked.

The annual Dongyue Temple Fair of Mount Tai will be held during April 29- May 6 at Dai Temple in Tai'an. Here are some items visitors may love.

Performances

From April 29 to May 6, performances of martial arts (武术)，traditional music, Chinese folk art forms and local operas will be put on stage. Visitors can lift their spirits by watching long boxing and nunchakus(双节棍) performances or listening to the music played by guqin, a seven-stringed zither, and the bamboo flute.

Folk-custom activities

Visitors to the temple fair can also enjoy themselves by admiring folk-custom activities held from April 29 to May 6.

There will be exhibitions of traditional handicrafts and paper cutting works that were collected and selected by non- governmental organizations. Performers will also show traditional Chinese costumes at a garden party.

Cultural activities

If the visitors want to enjoy the cultural atmosphere at the temple fair, they can get a close look at bamboo engraving art at Peitian Gate where more than 70 pieces of engraving art are exhibited from April 28 to May 22.

Trade activities

If people want to buy Mount Tai specialties，they won't be disappointed, for trade shows will be held during the temple fair. Tea， tourism products ，donkey-hide -gelatin, rare stones and root carvings will be showed and on sale.

When you read a story in English, do you read it for the story for the English language? This is a question is not so foolish as it may seem, for I find many students of English pay more attention to the story than to the English. For example,  they care for is the story line, but they can not tell what preposition (介词)  (use) before a certain word in the story.

Of course, if you want to know the story only, you need not focus the language. But a student of English is different from a student of stories or what is called the general reader.  (learn) English well, you should read not only very (care) but also aloud till you learn the passage by heart and can recite it as if it were your own. On one hand, this will teach you many useful (word) and phrases; on the other hand, it will help you avoid (make) many mistakes in expression.

Li Hua, my (同班同学), is (努力的). To improve his listening skill, every day he gets up at six and listens to (美国之音). What's more, he is also (热心的) and willing to help others. On his way to school yesterday, he came across a（home）person and（hand）100 yuan to him. He set an example to us students.

—That's okay. We'll catch the next train to London.