相关试卷
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1、 阅读下列四篇短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Artificial intelligence models can trick each other into disobeying their creators and providing banned instructions for making drugs, or even building a bomb, suggesting that preventing such AI " jailbreaks" is more difficult than it seems.
Many publicly available large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have hard-coded rules that aim to prevent them from exhibiting racial or sexual discrimination, or answering questions with illegal or problematic answers — things they have learned from humans via training data. But that hasn' t stopped people from finding carefully designed instructions that block these protections, known as " jailbreaks" , making AI models disobey the rules.
Now, Arush Tagade at Leap Laboratories and his co-workers have found a process of jailbreaks. They found that they could simply instruct one LLM to convince other models to adopt a persona (角色), which is able to answer questions the base model has been programmed to refuse. This process is called " persona modulation (调节)" .
Tagade says this approach works because much of the training data consumed by large models comes from online conversations, and the models learn to act in certain ways in response to different inputs. By having the right conversation with a model, it is possible to make it adopt a particular persona, causing it to act differently.
There is also an idea in AI circles, one yet to be proven, that creating lots of rules for an AI to prevent it displaying unwanted behaviour can accidentally create a blueprint for a model to act that way. This potentially leaves the AI easy to be tricked into taking on an evil persona. " If you' re forcing your model to be good persona, it somewhat understands what a bad persona is," says Tagade.
Yinzhen Li at Imperial College London says it is worrying how current models can be misused, but developers need to weigh such risks with the potential benefits of LLMs. " Like drugs, they also have side effects that need to be controlled," she says.
(1)、What does the AI jailbreak refer to?A、The technique to break restrictions of AI models. B、The initiative to set hard-coded rules for AI models. C、The capability of AI models improving themselves. D、The process of AI models learning new information.(2)、What can we know about the persona modulation?A、It can help AI models understand emotions. B、It prevents AI learning via online conversations. C、It can make AI models adopt a particular persona. D、It forces AI models to follow only good personas.(3)、What is Yinzhen Li' s attitude towards LLMs?A、Unclear. B、Cautious. C、Approving. D、Negative.(4)、Which can be a suitable title for the text?A、LLMs: Illegal Learning Models B、LLMs: The Latest Advancement C、AI Jailbreaks: A New Challenge D、AI Jailbreaks: A Perfect Approach -
2、 阅读下列四篇短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
How to release your art potential? Traditionally, people may bury themselves in learning painting skills at a studio and begin from drawing lines. However, Maggie Wiebe, a 21-year-old girl from Stamps School of Art & Design at the University of Michigan, has her own method.
Wiebe and her school friend Jessie Rice are trying to do something that shows their love for art and also benefits the environment. For the past year or so, they have tended a garden at their campus farm, planting a variety of colorful flowers, as well as flax(亚麻)to make linen and paper to be used in art.
Inspired by a group of old ladies in Canada who plant sustainable art materials and post their videos on social platform YouTube, Wiebe learned about how to plant, harvest and separate fibers. She planted different fruits and vegetables traditionally used to dye(给……染色)fabrics. She then put their peels(外皮)into boiled water and added hot pressurized air to make a dye. For her, it' s a demanding but enjoyable process.
Wiebe and Rice plan to eventually buy some land in Detroit to grow these sustainable art materials—a dye, fiber and pigment garden—" a bigger version of what we' re already doing" , Wiebe told Minnesota News. " We' d set it up like an organization where artists can volunteer a few hours a week and then use all of the plants that we grow. "
Wiebe also likes fiber-based art, such as quilting, weaving and sewing. She has applied those techniques to her recent works, displayed as part of the annual Senior Exhibition at her school. During her sophomore year, Wiebe joined the Michigan Daily as an illustrator, learning to conceptualize and complete complex illustrations on tight deadlines. Wiebe' s works received a lot of help from others. " Because the art school doesn' t have departments, we have studio coordinators who take care of each studio. " she said. " I see them every day, and they' ve helped me a lot. "
(1)、What can we learn about Wiebe from the first two paragraphs?A、She longed to be a gardener. B、Her parents taught her how to plant. C、She was fond of drawing lines. D、She had an environmentally friendly mind.(2)、What did Wiebe learn from watching videos?A、To peel fabrics skillfully. B、To get fibers eventually. C、To grow plants traditionally. D、To dye fabric s individually.(3)、Why is Detroit referred to in Paragraph 4?A、To present Wiebe' s patience. B、To review Wiebe' s career. C、To display Wiebe' s future prospect. D、To promote an application of Wiebe' s idea.(4)、Which of the following best describes Wiebe' s work?A、Creativity is productivity. B、Practice makes perfect. C、Unity is strength. D、Curiosity is motivation. -
3、 第一节(共15小题,每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列四篇短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Irish Writers Centre Novel Fair 2024
The Novel Fair is an annual competition initiated by the Irish Writers Centre (IWC). Described by The Irish Times as " A Dragons' Cave for writers" , each year the Fair aims to introduce up-and-coming writers to top publishers and literary agents.
The Prize
The twelve winners will have the opportunity to present the summary of their novels directly to industry professionals. Leading publishers and agents will be invited by the IWC to meet these writers in person or through a series of online meetings. To get fully prepared for the meeting with publishers and agents, the winners will receive a place in a workshop on " How to Promote Your Novel" , two weeks in advance. Also, applicants who are longlisted (初选) but do not make it to the shortlist of twelve will have their works evaluated and criticized by the judging panel.
How to Enter
Entry fee for application is £ 55 (Members of IWC can enter for a discounted fee of £ 45). This competition only accepts manuscripts (原稿) for novels. Applicants are required to send a summary within 300 words and up to five chapters of their novels, which should be 10,000 words (+/-10%). Manuscripts should be submitted online. There is a limit of one entry per applicant.
Entries are welcome from anywhere in the world. Before entering the competition, please ensure that you have read the Novel Fair Terms & Conditions 2024 very carefully as the Fair is open to only novelists who have never published work previously. If you have any questions about the application process, please email novelfair@irishwriterscentre.ie.
(1)、Why does the IWC hold the Fair?A、To serve as a platform for writers. B、To advertise local books. C、To encourage young people. D、To arouse enthusiasm for reading.(2)、What can the workshop help the winners do?A、Improve their writing skills. B、Deal with the judging panel. C、Learn about publishing process. D、Present their novels attractively.(3)、Which of the following meets the requirement of the Fair?A、A novel published in 2023. B、A summary of 200 words. C、A paper manuscript by post. D、A submission of seven chapters. -
4、第二节 (满分25分)阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Alessandro Vitale was born in Verona, Italy. As his parents were busy working, they were unable to care for his sister and him at the same time. Therefore, Alessandro grew up with his grandparents.
Alessandro' s grandmother was good at cooking. His grandfather used to take him out for fishing or to his garden in the town. Alessandro' s grandparents greatly influenced him, and he learned many things from them. At a young age, he was introduced to gardening, especially grow-ng fruit and vegetables by his grandfather, and he learned great recipes from his grandmother.
Even though Alessandro got into gardening at a young age, he had to focus on school later. In 2015, he moved to London to work there and left gardening aside. Alessandro did several different jobs after getting there, but he liked none of them really.
One day after working in London for a few months, Alessandro and his roommate went to a supermarket and bought some vegetables. After returning home, they started cooking together. When cutting a red chilli(辣椒). Alessandro saw its seeds. An idea occurred to him that he could grow food himself. He had little connection with nature then and thought the food grown by him-self was much healthier. Moreover, he wanted to take up gardening in memory of his grandfather. But he had never expected his future gardening journey would greatly influence his life and career.
Alessandro planted these seeds in pots on his small balcony. In just a few weeks, Alessandro scaled up his garden and grew more plants. His whole space was filled with plants. He fell in love with gardening and did anything he could to make his garden thrive(旺盛), such as reading various farming books to learn new technologies and skills. Besides gardening, he was also into zero-waste cooking. Thanks to his grandmother' s recipes, he could cook his garden produce in creative ways.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
Gradually, Alessandro turned his garden into a much bigger one.
Inspired by the popularity of his videos online, Alessandro began to write books on gardening.
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5、假定你是李华,你校英语俱乐部将举办以" Studying Abroad: Is It a Good or Bad Idea?" 为主题的辩论赛。请你代表俱乐部写一则通知,内容包括:
1.辩论赛的主题、时间和地点;
2.欢迎同学们观赛;
3.观赛注意事项。
注意:写作词数应为 80个左右。
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6、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Learning Chinese calligraphy was listed as one of the must-do things when I came to China. Now, I' m in the course of learning this unique art, is valuable in China, even across East Asia today. It is not only ancient artistic form of human language, but it also (reflect) Chinese traditions.
As someone who paints, draws, and loves all (create) things, at first, I assumed I would be rather good at Chinese calligraphy. I was (total) wrong. Using thick brush tips to produce awkward brush strokes(笔画) (be) very difficult for a beginner. I have no idea about the different types of calligraphy and the meanings (hide) behind each one. Also, I have to hold the paintbrush a very specific way, unlike a pen or pencil, the paintbrush is held upright in the hand. I need to be extra careful when changing the angle(角度) or (direct) of the brush, especially if I press too hard on the paper.
After taking the lesson, I now understand the difficulty of calligraphy and that it will take efforts and commitment (master) this art form. Yet, I am grateful to learn such a special Chinese tradition.
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7、第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
" Are you really going to eat another piece of pizza?" It was at my fourteenth birthday party that I received my first 1 related comment. After that day, comments like this 2 in my head longer than they should have. I was 3 picking flaws(缺点) in my figure in the mirror.
I decided that I couldn' t eat like this in order to be 4 . It started out as just a little extra 5 every day, like running, but it quickly turned into 6 meals and working out every night before bed. As I 7 the calories, the comments started to change. Perhaps my 8 comment was " You' re so skinny."
Maybe others didn' t know it, but their comments were 9 my social construction of beauty. However, my condition slowly became worse. My caloric intake was less than that of a child and I no longer had the 10 to do the things I once enjoyed.
Everything changed when I got a call from the director at my dance studio. She 11 me that she had wanted to move me to the advanced level, 12 she noticed I was too skinny. I then realized I nearly 13 my role in The Nutcracker. I was determined that I wasn' t going to let society' s idea of beauty be the death of me.
I want to get better for real this time. Mirrors and scales(秤) have no 14 of who I am. Social constructions of beauty will always be 15 in the world that I live in but I' ve decided not to let them rule over me.
(1)A 、 habit B 、 ability C 、 health D 、 weight(2)A 、 changed B 、 stuck C 、 competed D 、 recreated(3)A 、 constantly B 、 immediately C 、 carefully D 、 regularly(4)A 、 famous B 、 special C 、 pretty D 、 brave(5)A 、 support B 、 exercise C 、 reward D 、 practice(6)A 、 ordering B 、 serving C 、 quitting D 、 cooking(7)A 、 cut down B 、 took in C 、 concentrated on D 、 engaged in(8)A 、 unexpected B 、 favorite C 、 brief D 、 familiar(9)A 、 fueling B 、 admitting C 、 improving D 、 explaining(10)A 、 time B 、 mood C 、 plan D 、 energy(11)A 、 informed B 、 warned C 、 reminded D 、 persuaded(12)A 、 and B 、 but C 、 since D 、 though(13)A 、 played B 、 forgot C 、 lost D 、 picked(14)A 、 amount B 、 intention C 、 sign D 、 idea(15)A 、 true B 、 meaningful C 、 different D 、 present -
8、阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Every new exercise routine comes a new risk of injury, whether it' s injuring a muscle from lifting or developing knee pain from running. Some people are unwilling to exercise for fear of in-jury. There are estimated 8.6 million sports-related injuries each year in America. However, with the right methods, you can develop a well-rounded exercise routine, one that enlarges the benefits while reducing the risk of injury.
One very common issue in runners is knee pain, which is often called " runner' sknee" . To prevent it, for some people, it' s useful to warm up before running. Another common overuse injury among runners is stress fractures(骨折). This often happens when a runner tries to add too many miles too quickly, without taking enough rest days.
Both of these injuries tend to happen because runners did something out of the ordinary com-pared to what they were trained to do. Take rest days, build up your mileage(里程) gradually and combine regular strength training.
As with other injuries, the risk increases toward the end of a workout. It' s very essential to listen to your body. When it comes to making progress in a workout routine, continuous exercise with a gradual progression is strongly recommended.
Exercise can put someone at risk of injury. There should be a balance between pushing yourself to get better and pushing yourself toward an injury. So encourage yourself to do some-thing that you are confident in doing.
A. These fears are based on facts.
B. Turn to a mixture of sports doctors.
C. This type of exercise can increase the risk of injury.
D. Therefore, the risk of hurting yourself will decrease.
E. But not exercising puts someone at risk of poor health.
F. Adjust in time, especially when tiredness starts to affect your form.
G. Runners may come across two main sorts of injuries related to overuse.
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9、阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A new device is helping those who are blind to see. Jason Esterhuizen lost his eyesight after a car accident. He never thought he would be able to see light or movement again. But now with the movement of a switch, his world suddenly grew brighter.
He says, " I still can' t put it into words. I mean from being able to see absolutely nothing, it' s completely black, to all of a sudden seeing a little light move around." It is not full or normal sight, but Esterhuizen can move about in the world around him.
Dr Nader Pouratian says, " Being able to tell where a doorway is, being able to tell where the sidewalk begins or ends or where the crosswalk is, are all extremely meaningful events that can help these people regain some form of independence."
The new technology—called Orion—uses several parts. One is a small device placed in the brain. The other parts are a video camera on sunglasses and a processing device that can be carried in a person' s clothes. When the user points the camera, a signal goes to the processor(处理器)and then back to the glasses. The glasses then communicate wirelessly with the device in the brain. The information causes a pattern to develop in the part of the brain. The pattern helps users detect(识别) movement and shapes of light. And it all happens in seconds.
Pouratian says this technology is a first. " We basically have the video camera and the video processing unit performing the functions of what the eye normally does," he adds.
Esterhuizen says that now he can do everyday activities around his home that he once could not. " Crossing the road is much easier and much safer for me because I can look down and just follow the white line that' s painted on the road."
The researchers believe that one day this technology could help people who have lost their vision because of illnesses like glaucoma(青光眼) or diabetes. It may also help those with poor vision or who were born blind.
(1)、How does the new device help the blind to become independent?A、To tell them their surroundings. B、To show them its instructions. C、To use sound to communicate with them. D、To give them full sight.(2)、What do we know about Orion?A、It needs sunglasses with network . B、It totally depends on the camera. C、It can function almost in real time. D、It sends a pattern of light in hours.(3)、What can we infer from the last paragraph?A、The technology will cure all diseases. B、The technology still has some space to improve. C、Those with poor vision will recover immediately. D、Those with poor vision will go blind once more.(4)、Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A、A New Device Improves Your Eyesight B、Technology Is Changing the Modern Life C、Blind Men Are Given the Chance to See D、You Will Get Independence with Orion -
10、阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
What do North Carolina' s red wolves, the Eurasian beaver and Przewalski' s horse have in common?
All of them went extinct in the wild and all of them came back, thanks to reintroduction pro-grams.
Conservation scientists use translocation and captive breeding(圈养繁殖) to re-establish animal populations that have died out in the wild--either entirely or in certain areas. Reintroducing extinct-in-the-wild animals to their native territories can be a double win: helping to restore dam-aged ecosystems, as well as increasing population numbers.
But setting a species loose in the wild is a risky balancing act. Reintroductions often take years and involve multiple stages. Before bringing back a species, conservationists have to evaluate the threat level—both to and from the animal—and the role it played in the ecosystem. In places where wild populations have died out more recently, there' s a better chance of success. The less time that has passed, the more likely that environment is the same as when the species went ex-tinct. But scientists still need to address the reason why it went extinct in that environment to be-gin with.
Reintroduced animals can have a positive impact on the landscape, but how fast this happens depends on the type of animal and how damaged the environment is. Herbivores(食草动物) can make a significant change relatively quickly, while predators tend to be reintroduced slowly and carefully. Although they can be useful for managing pest species, conservationists have to ensure they don' t overhunt or threaten other vulnerable animals.
A 2020 study highlighted species reintroduction as one of the most effective ways to save endangered animals. The study estimates that conservation action between 1993 and 2020 saved up to 48 species of birds and mammals from extinction, and that the rate of extinction would have been three to four times higher, during that period, without those efforts.
(1)、What are the reintroduction programs aimed at?A、Bringing back a species. B、Enlarging a species' native habitats. C、Increasing a species' number. D、Developing new breeding methods.(2)、What does the underlined word " that" in paragraph 4 refer to?A、The collapse of ecosystem. B、Evaluating the threat level. C、The extinction of a wild population. D、Setting a species loose in the wild.(3)、Which of the following may affect the rate of environmental restoration?A、The size of animals. B、The biodiversity of animals. C、The feature of landscapes. D、The extent of environmental damage.(4)、What' s the purpose of the text?A、To call on active measures to save species. B、To highlight the necessity of biodiversity. C、To introduce an effective conservation action. D、To stress the importance of a balanced ecosystem. -
11、阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Bookstores are fascinating places. That' s because the books on the shelves can take you to magical lands, help you learn a foreign language. or cook a delicious meal. But when your community is too small to house a real brick bookstore, sometimes you have to make a compromise. A mobile bookstore that brings books around the country was the result. That is the case for Rita Collins,70, who dreamed of opening a used bookstore after retiring from teaching.
A business planning class from the American Booksellers Association convinced Collins to abandon her idea that opening a bookstore in the small town where she lives, which would not be sustainable. Eureka, Montana, located just seven miles from the Canadian border, only has a population of 1,517. Collins asked her instructors about a traveling bookstore on wheels and they were skeptical. But she persevered.
Collins was inspired by Dylans Mobile Bookstore, a traveling bookstore in Wales run by Jeff Towns. She contacted Jeff for advice but she was largely on her own when it came to building her bookstore. First, she had to find a vehicle large enough to stand in. Then she had to have it refit-ted with shelves that would hold the books at a 15-degree angle so that they would stay in place while in transit. Collins named her bookstore St Rita' s Traveling Bookstore, which has been on the road since 2015.
At first, she drove through Montana and then she made her first cross-country trip in 2016. After she retired in 2017, it became a full-time job all year round. Collins and her mobile book-store have visited 30 states, stopping at festivals and events along the way. While the locations change, some things always stay the same. Collins loves meeting people and making connections. While she loves what she does. Collins doesn' t think she can keep doing it. In several years, she hopes to pass her traveling bookstore onto another bibliophile who shares the same interest and will keep it on the road.
(1)、Why did Collins abandon opening a bookstore?A、It would cost a lot of money. B、It was not promising. C、It would be out of date. D、It was not approved.(2)、Why were the shelves designed at a 15-degree angle?A、To beautify the mobile bookstore. B、To make full use of space of the shelves. C、To keep the bookstore' s balance. D、To protect the books from falling down.(3)、Which of the following can best describe Collins?A、Merciful and delightful. B、Intelligent and reasonable. C、Determined and social. D、Generous and lovely.(4)、What does the underlined word " bibliophile" in the last paragraph mean?A、A book lover. B、A publisher. C、A famous writer. D、An editor. -
12、第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
The Best Noodles in China
Let' s try different noodles and find out what makes these noodles so special.
Zhenjiang' s pot cover noodle
Origin: Zhenjiang, Jiangsu
Price: 15 RMB
Pot cover noodle is Zhenjiang' s special food. When the noodle is being boiled, a wooden lid is put on the boiling water. That' s why it is named " Wok Lid Noodle" . The special noodle used for this dish is called " Jumpy Noodle" , which has tiny holes that absorb the flavors quickly and offer a chewy texture(口感).
Shanxi' s sliced noodle
Origin: Taiyuan. Shanxi
Price: 15~25 RMB
Sliced noodle originated in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province in the 12th century, and has long enjoyed the title of " King of Noodle" . The noodle is peeled(削) with a knife, so it is called " Knife Peeled Noodle" . Smooth and chewy, soft yet never sticky, the noodle possesses a unique texture. It is served with tomato and meat sauce. Mutton soup is the most popular.
Lanzhou' s hand pulled noodle
Origin: Lanzhou, Gansu
Price: Under 15 RMB
Lanzhou' s hand pulled noodle is served with beef, pepper, sour garlic, and beef soup cooked with secret recipes of the Hui minority. It is usually enjoyed for breakfast or lunch by people in the northwest of China.
Yanji' s soba noodle
Origin: Yanji, Jilin
Price: 18~25 RMB
Yanji' s soba noodle is the traditional food of China' s Korean minority. Boiled soba noodle is put in cold water, and then mixed with cold beef soup. The sweet and sour soba noodle proves to be a great treat in the hot summer.
(1)、Which of the following dishes has to use the so-called Jumpy Noodle?A、Yanji' s soba noodle. B、Shanxi' s sliced noodle. C、Lanzhou' s hand pulled noodle. D、Zhenjiang' s pot cover noodle.(2)、Where does Lanzhou' s hand pulled noodle originate in China?A、In the northeast of China. B、In the northwest of China. C、In the east of China. D、In the north of China.(3)、What is unique about Yanji' s soba noodle?A、It is a kind of cold noodle. B、It is served with soup. C、It is eaten in summer. D、It is made by a minority group. -
13、听第10段材料,回答小题。(1)、What does the speaker sometimes have for breakfast?A、A piece of bread. B、A sandwich. C、Tomatoes.(2)、When does the speaker have her main meal of the day?A、In the morning. B、At noon. C、In the evening.(3)、What does the speaker like to have at the end of the dinner?A、A cookie. B、Ice cream. C、A piece of fruit.(4)、What do we know about the speaker?A、She likes oranges. B、She loves meat. C、She is on a diet.
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14、听第9段材料,回答小题。(1)、Where can the conversation happen?A、At school. B、In the street. C、At home.(2)、What did the man lose?A、Bread. B、Candy. C、A pen.(3)、Why did the woman believe Cynthia didn' t take it?A、Because they are friends. B、Because she likes Cynthia. C、Because they stayed together all day.
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15、听第8段材料,回答小题。(1)、How did the woman know about the hotel?A、From a friend. B、From a newspaper. C、From the Internet.(2)、When will the woman' s family leave the hotel?A、On August 23rd. B、On August 30th. C、On September 6th.(3)、What do we know about the woman?A、She has one child. B、She takes the man' s advice. C、She will book rooms next to each other.
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16、听第7段材料,回答小题。(1)、How long haven' t the two speakers seen each other?A、For two months. B、For three months. C、For four months.(2)、Why does the woman look different now?A、She eats less. B、She drinks diet tea. C、She does more exercise.(3)、What will the man probably do next week?A、Go dancing. B、Go swimming. C、Go running.
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17、听第6段材料,回答小题。(1)、Why does the man make the call?A、To advertise for a program. B、To answer a message. C、To ask for money.(2)、Which sport needs an extra pay?A、Swimming. B、Golf. C、Horse-riding.
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18、 What is the man doing?A、Signing for a box. B、Collecting the woman's information. C、Filling out a form.
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19、 What are the speakers talking about?A、What to eat for lunch. B、Whether to eat out. C、When to have lunch.
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20、 How does the man feel now?A、Annoyed. B、Excited. C、Sleepy.