相关试卷

1、The new model electric car should _________ many safety tests before it is released to the public.

2、Coffee may cause sleep disturbance, especially when _________ in large amounts or after 2 pm.

3、—Do you remember little Julien from Grade Two?

—Well, _________, but I can't quite think who he is.

4、_________ focusing on winning the approval of others, try to understand and accept yourself.

5、Exercise is not only good for our bodies, but it can also _________ our mood and help us deal with anxiety.

6、This online course _________, but you can still access and use the original version.

7、Spring Festival is a time of good cheer in the _________ of family and friends.

8、From the first explorers to today's travelers, humans have always had a desire _________ new places.

9、When he went out of his way to help me, I told him how _________ I was for his assistance.

10、The organizers had to cancel the outdoor concert due to the sudden thunderstorm, _________ many eager fans who had been waiting for hours.

11、Caroline doesn't have a natural talent for music but she _________ it with hard work.

12、We were worried that there would be a lot of disagreement at the meeting, but everything went quite _________ .

13、The fence between the two tennis courts _________. Soon children will have enough space for football games.

14、As a symbol of the glorious history of Chinese civilization, the Forbidden City _________ the cultural memory of the country.

15、Someone is planning to move out of our building, and their apartment will be _________ for rent at the beginning of March.

16、The Smiths _________ the online shopping experience in China since they moved back to New Zealand two years ago.

17、假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的外国好友Jim准备给其校报的Asia Today栏目投稿。得知今年新中国成立75周年，他打算重点介绍中国的发展成就，发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：

(1)建议投稿内容；

(2)就以上建议简要说明理由。

注意：(1)词数100左右；

(2)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Jim,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

18、If you want to develop maximum credibility (可信性), is it better to be a hedgehog (刺猬) or a fox? According to Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehog knows one thing very well, and the fox knows a lot of things.

Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other? Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes. And they are usually very credible in doing so. According to Jim Hart, the "hedgehog concept" is one of the factors that lead companies to greatness. They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. The hedgehog concept makes perfect sense for companies.

Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make predictions about what will happen. He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions.

The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. They also have a clearer estimation of what they know and don't know.

So, which is better? The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that rare mixture known as foxy hedgehog.

A. In other words, there are clear advantages for each.

B. They are more likely to remember people's mistakes.

C. Hence, they have the advantage of clarity and confidence.

D. But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing.

E. However, hedgehogs remain open to others' reactions and inputs.

F. When something is contradictory to their view, they don't treat it as exceptional.

G. They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position.

19、Franz Boas's description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans. Here, norms (规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood and taken to heart. Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions. Conflict was often resolved in musical battles. Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged. With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit's practical approach to morality made good sense.

The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is striking, even though the relative ranking of the virtues may vary with a social group's history and environment. Typically, cruelty and cheating are discouraged, while cooperation, humbleness and courage are praised. These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any moralising religion or written law. Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving. Our social instincts (本能) include the intense desire to belong. The approval of others is rewarding, while their disapproval is strongly disliked. These social emotions prepare our brains to shape our behaviour according to the norms and values of our family and our community. More generally, social instincts motivate us to learn how to behave in a socially complex world.

The mechanism involves a repurposed reward system originally used to develop habits important for self-care. Our brains use the system to acquire behavioural patterns regarding safe routes home, efficient food gathering and dangers to avoid. Good habits save time, energy and sometimes your life. Good social habits do something similar in a social context. We learn to tell the truth, even when lying is self-serving; we help a grandparent even when it is inconvenient. We acquire what we call a sense of right and wrong.

Social benefits are accompanied by social demands: we must get along, but not put up with too much. Hence self-discipline is advantageous. In humans, a greatly enlarged brain boosts self-control, just as it boosts problem-solving skills in the social as well as the physical world. These abilities are strengthened by our capacity for language, which allows social practices to develop in extremely unobvious ways.

20、The notion that we live in someone else's video game is irresistible to many. Searching the term "simulation hypothesis" (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation — a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will probably never know whether it's true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge.

The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. Modern sciences have revealed that our perceptual experience of the world is the result of many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive (认知的) functions in the brain. No one knows exactly what happens within this black box. If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won't reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box.

So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation. And then, we can shift our inquiry from "Is the universe a computer simulation? " to "Can we model the universe as a computer simulation? " Modelling reality is what we do. To facilitate our comprehension of the world, we build models based on conceptual metaphors (隐喻) that are familiar to us. In Newton's era, we imagined the universe as a clock. In Einstein's, we uncovered the standard model of particle (粒子) physics.

Now that we are in the information age, we have new concepts such as the computer, information processing, virtual reality, and simulation. Unsurprisingly, these new concepts inspire us to build new models of the universe. Models are not the reality, however. There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become.

It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the "computer simulation" metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise.