相关试卷

There have been many theories about why humans sleep, from a way to rest after the day's activities to simply a way to fill time until we can do something useful. . The body repairs itself just as well when we are sitting quietly. And we wouldn't need to catch up on sleep during the day if it were just to fill empty time at night. One of the major problems with sleep insufficiency is a resulting decline in cognitive (认知) ability.. We will find ourselves struggling with memory, learning, planning and reasoning.

A lack of sleep can actually have severe effects on our mood and performance of everyday tasks. Sleep can be divided into two broad stages: non-rapid eye movement (NREM), and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. . When this is occurring, this is the time when we sleep the deepest. Without NREM sleep, our ability to form declarative memories, such as learning to associate pairs of words, can be seriously impaired. . It is also the time of peak growth hormone (荷尔蒙) release in the body. This stage is important for cell reproduction and repair.

. Some scientists argue that it allows our brains a safe place to practice dealing with situations or emotions that we might not encounter during our daily lives. Others think that it might be a way to unlearn memories, or to process unwanted feelings or emotions. However, no one knows the real answer.

A. The majority of our sleep is NREM.

B. The purpose of REM sleep is unclear.

C. But all of these ideas are somewhat imperfect.

D. Our brains just don't work properly without sleep.

E. Scientists managed to discover the secret of sleep.

F. People don't know the role NREM plays in improving our health.

G. Deep sleep is important for turning short-term memories into long-term storage.

Phillip Zimbardo was a researcher at Stanford University. In 1972, he recruited (招募) 24 mentally healthy, male, college students for an experiment taking place in a fake (假的) prison in the basement of Stanford. These participants were randomly divided into 2 groups: prison guards and prisoners. The guards received a uniform and mirrored sunglasses to wear for the job. Then, after being sent home, the prisoners were publicly arrested at their homes on a Sunday morning. They were processed at a real police station before being transported to the ‘prison'.

No one could have predicted what would happen next. The guards weren't given any specific instructions on how to behave. Yet, very soon they began acting in extreme ways: they prevented prisoners from eating, took away their bedding, forced them to remove their clothes, and even punished them with chores such as cleaning toilets with their bare hands. As well as this, the prisoners were submitting to the guards - even though they knew that they hadn't actually done anything wrong and weren't even in a real prison!

After just thirty-six hours, a prisoner had to be removed from the study as he had sunk into a deep depression with fits of anger and uncontrollable crying. A few days later, other prisoners displayed similar symptoms. The guards also continued to abuse them. It was at this point that Zimbardo was told to stop the experiment. It was shut down after just six days.

This experiment demonstrates the power of the situation in influencing how we act. Good people, just like you or me, are capable of evil acts. However, the power of the situation doesn't always have to be bad: it can also be a force for good.

Of course, we could never repeat this experiment for ethical (伦理的) reasons. This means that we need to assess how valid Zimbardo's conclusions really are. For example, demand characteristics - how the guards assumed they should act - may have significantly shaped their behaviour.

With over 6.3 million queries processed every second, Google's search results hold immense influence over public knowledge and perception. Users tend to focus only on the first few links, limiting their exposure to diverse viewpoints. This dynamic raises the issue of "filter bubbles", where users may be trapped in a cycle that strengthens their existing beliefs. Critics argue that the algorithms (算法) used by Google contribute significantly to this problem, presenting a limited selection of information based on users' preferences.

Mark Williams-Cook, founder of AlsoAsked, emphasizes the technical limitations of search engines and the misunderstandings surrounding them. He references internal Google documents revealing that the company often relies on user engagement data rather than comprehending content. This practice can promote confirmation bias, leading users towards information that aligns with their views, similar to a child choosing an unhealthy diet based only on preference.

Google acknowledges the complexity of its search system and emphasizes ongoing efforts to enhance its algorithms to tackle these issues. While the company declares that it provides a range of viewpoints, the reality remains that most users do not go beyond the top search results, which limits their exposure to diverse perspectives.

Critics believe Google should better educate users about how its search engine functions, as a clearer understanding of these processes could foster critical consumption of information. As Google evolves into an "answer engine" that provides direct information, the challenge of ensuring balanced and informative content remains crucial for public knowledge.

In Vilnius, I found comfort in a website, which offered pay-what-you-choose walking tours. These tours became the highlight of my trip. I took five tours, each morning setting out to explore the city's old town, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and sent Stephen photos each night. Our guide, Ieva, shared her deep knowledge of history and culture. I connected with travelers from various backgrounds, including a Polish professor who invited me to an art exhibit. I also traced my grandmother's footsteps in Jewish Vilnius, visiting places she might have known. These tours, full of surprises, were perfect for a solo traveler, offering connection and flexibility. On my last day, Ieva gifted me a chocolate map of Lithuania for my enthusiastic participation.

I missed Stephen but grew increasingly confident in managing daily life challenges. I navigated apartment lockboxes, shopped in local supermarkets, and cooked, activities I was once less skillful at. In Poland, I continued with pay-what-you-choose tours, adapting to larger groups. I walked over 20,000 steps daily, often revisiting places from the tours or discovering street festivals. In Lodz, I took a private tour with Milena, who helped me find my family's history, including the homes of my great aunts and their sufferings during the war.

Stephen was hospitalized just before I returned, and we spent his hospital stay looking at my trip photos and videos. His recovery was slow, but my independent travels allowed me to manage our home smoothly, benefiting us both. This journey not only reconnected me with my roots but also empowered me with a newfound confidence in my ability to travel and live on my own.

1. 表示感谢；

2. 回顾得到的帮助。                                                    

注意：

1. 词数 80 左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear David,

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Yours,

Li Hua

Hutongs in Beijing are narrow streets formed by lines of "siheyuan", traditional Chinese courtyard residences. Here are three(protect) hutongs in Beijing's Xicheng district.

The 1,500-meter-long Dongjiao Minxiang is the longest of the three, which is home a few high-end restaurants and luxury stores as well as some cheap eating places and common shops. But most important attractions are a number of well-preserved Western-style buildings, which(be) once some foreign officials' homes.

The 496-meter-long Yangmeizhu West Street, is the second longest among them, is originally famous for(it) 600-year-old architecture. It also attracts tourists for several(culture) figures, such as Shen Congwen, a late 20th-century Chinese author and scholar. Walking down the hutong, you will see Beijing locals(play) Chinese chess or talking about their own ideas on arts and life.

Different from the above two hutongs, Gongmenkou Ertiao is much(short), but it is where Lu Xun Museum(locate). It is also filled with history, culture and innovations.

Like many passengers who touch down in the nation's capital, Clark has a pretty high profile. His eagle father, Captain, was given as a3 to the United States in 1982 by West German. At the time, the bald eagle was endangered, and environmentalists were4 about the present. At its low point, the bald eagle population had fallen to 417 known nesting pairs.

The United States made great efforts to5 the bald eagle population and the result was6. The species was saved and the bald eagle was7 from the list of threatened species in 2007.

Captain was part of a critical conservation breeding program,8 six healthy eaglets (雏鹰). While Clark's siblings were9 into the wild, Clark has spent his whole life under human care. Clark's claw (爪) did not form10 and just didn't give him the11 that he would need. After all, the wild is not the most12 place.

Clark travels across the country to13 flight demonstrations and other educational programs at events. People react similarly when they see him at events. They're14. Clark's physical presence leaves a lasting impression and15 people to care more about conservation efforts.

In order not to look at your phone as soon as you wake up in the morning, place your phone in another room or your coat pocket. Then spend at least the first 30 minutes of your day building good habits.

Studies show that on average we use the phone 50 to 150 times a day.You could do some reading, do a crossword puzzle or even something as simple as a walk in the yard—anything helping you get rid of your phone is OK.

One of the main problems with smart phones is that you worry if you don't check your phone regularly, you may miss out on something important, such as invitations to events or work emails. When someone has something important to tell you, they may give you a call. Therefore, it is OK to stay away from your phone sometimes.

What's going on in the real world, right in front of you, is almost always more important than what is happening online. Put away your phone when you are with someone important. For example, having dinner with friends will become awkward if you always check your phone.

That is because being addicted to the phone before going to bed greatly influences your sleep. This can harm your physical and mental health in the long run. Therefore, make it a rule to stop using your phone an hour before you go to sleep.

A. Ask your friends or family for help.

B. However, it is almost never the case.

C. Your smart phone has almost every tool that you need.

D. So you should do something meaningful to avoid looking at it.

E. A good rest should be more important than your phone at night.

F. This could be exercise like a morning run or cooking a good breakfast.

G. Many relationships have suffered because of our addiction to the phone.

Both human babies and monkeys spend more time looking at things that are unexpected or novel than they do looking at things they expect or are used to seeing. We used a task that relies on this behavior — originally developed to test whether human babies can sense their own heartbeats — to see if monkeys also have this ability.

We first got our monkeys to sit in chairs in front of a computer screen and linked them to electrocardiograms (心电图) to monitor their heartbeats. Then we played videos of either a yellow or green cloud bouncing (弹跳) up and down accompanied by beeping sounds. Sometimes the bouncing and beeping were synched (同步) to match the monkey's heartbeat, while at other times they were out of sync. If the monkeys had a sense of their own heartbeats, they would find the in-sync bouncing less interesting than the out-of-sync bouncing, and therefore would spend more time looking at the out-of-sync image.

We tested four monkeys and, just like human babies, they looked at the shapes that bounced and sounded out of sync with their heartbeats for significantly longer than the in-sync shapes. Additionally, the extent to which our monkeys paid more attention to out-of-sync shapes than in-sync shapes was veryakin to the difference in human babies. These findings strongly suggest that monkeys have an inborn sense of their own heartbeats, just like human babies can do exactly.

Our work shows that monkeys and humans have a comparable sense of their own heartbeats and establishes a method for testing this ability across species. In humans, this skill is thought to be central to emotional experiences, self-awareness, memory, etc. Sensing one's own physiological states abnormally is related to disorders such as anxiety and depression. This work has a positive effect on establishing rhesus monkeys as an animal model for human psychological disorder research.

The skin device measures 1 square centimeter. The system contains 100 small sensors that attempt to recreate things like texture (质地), temperature and even pain. The researchers call the device Asynchronous Coded Electronic Skin, or ACES, which can process information faster than humans' nervous system. Machine learning methods trained the device to recognize 20 to 30 different textures. It can even correctly read Braille letters most of the time, the researchers say.

The system does not require the users' movement to work. Humans need to slide to feel texture. But in this case the skin, with just a single touch, is able to detect textures of different roughness.

A demonstration showed that the device could identify the difference between a soft ball and a solid plastic one. "When you lose your sense of touch, you essentially become numb and prosthetic users face that problem," said Benjamin Tee, leader of the research team. "So by recreating an artificial version of the skin, for their prosthetic devices, they can hold a hand and feel the warmth and feel that it is soft."

Tee said his idea for the device came from the movie Star Wars, when character Luke Skywalker loses his right hand and it is replaced with a robotic one. In the film, the new hand is able to experience touch sensations just like the real one.

The artificial skin technology is still going through experiments and development. But Tee said there had already been a lot of interest in the system, especially from the medical community. Tee said similar inventions that his team has developed include see-through skin that can repair itself when torn and a material for wearable electronic devices that gives off light.

Vihlen once made an 84-day crossing of the Atlantic Ocean in 1968. It was then the smallest boat to have made the journey. The sailing boat April Fool was 5 feet and 11 inches long. But Tom McNally broke the world record in 1993 by crossing the Atlantic in a boat that was 5 feet and 4.5 inches long.

In order to regain the world record, Hugo set out alone later that same year to cross the Atlantic from Newfoundland to Falmouth. This time he was in Father's Day, his home-built boat, which was half an inch shorter than McNally's.

During his crossing, Hugo had to sleep on his back with his knees bent. He woke every hour to check his heading direction and general sailing conditions. After facing everything the Atlantic Ocean could throw at him, and some close encounters with large ships, Hugo finally arrived in Falmouth 105 days later. He could hardly walk and had lost 34 pounds in weight, but he had regained his record.

His reception on arrival in Falmouth was hardly a hero's welcome. One of the waiting journalists found him a pizza to eat while his boat was taken to a local sailing boat club. When they arrived at the sailing club for a celebration tea, they found the club dosed. He felt a pity for that. But luckily, a member of the public brought a bottle of champagne to toast his success.

Our Business Etiquette Workshop for Professionals (BEWP) will polish up your personal brand and give you the confidence needed for serial success.

Make a positive and powerful first impression

· Project confidence with your greeting

· Positive and negative body language

· Speak in the tight tone

Business communications and office manners

· Business meeting manners

· Cellphone etiquette & texting

· Email communications

Network know-how

· How to start and keep a conversation

· How to hold your food and drinks

· Business card exchange

The professional image

· How the right colors enhance your appearance

· Professional dress for men

· Wardrobe and make-up tips for women

Business dining etiquette and table manners

· Extending an invitation & duties of the host and guest

· Seating arrangements in a business setting

· Paying the bill and tipping

Five-hour workshop includes:

· Professional training workshop

· Training manual (指南)

· Four-course lunch

· Workshop training certificate

Workshop fee: $495.00 per person

Business professionals, small business owners and college graduates will benefit greatly from our workshop. If you are interested in taking any of the classes or courses mentioned above, we would love to know a little bit about you. Please click the link to fill out our Registration Form so we may provide you with the best service.

Organize a group

Business Etiquette Workshop for the Professional may be booked for private groups. Pricing will vary depending on the size of your group.

For more information please call 480-510-6346 or email Sue Brown at info@itsallaboutetiquette.com.

In the quiet town of Willow Creek, lived a young woman named Sarah. Sarah was an artist, known for her paintings of landscapes and animals, but beneath her calm appearance, she struggled with anxiety and depression. The pressures of her job and the isolation she often felt had a negative impact on her mental health, and she spent many days feeling overwhelmed and disconnected from the world around her.

One afternoon, as Sarah was leaving the local art gallery, she noticed a small, scruffy dog sitting by the door. It looked lost, hungry, and a little scared. Sarah's heart softened as she approached the dog, offering it a piece of her sandwich. The dog wagged its tail and sniffed at the food, but instead of eating, it sat down next to her, as if asking for something more. Feeling an instinctive (直觉的)pull, Sarah decided to take the dog home with her, naming it Sunny.

Over the next few weeks, Sunny became Sarah's constant companion. Every morning, he would greet her with an excited bark and a wagging tail. Sarah soon discovered that Sunny was not just a pet, but a therapy dog. Whenever she felt her anxiety starting to set in, Sunny would push her hand with his nose or curl up beside her, offering her the comfort of his presence. His gentle behavior and unconditional love helped Sarah feel less alone, and for the first time in months, she began to feel like she had a purpose.

One evening, Sarah decided to take Sunny for a walk through the woods near a popular campsite. The sun was setting, and the air was fresh and cool. As they walked deeper into the forest, Sarah's mind wandered to the dark thoughts she had been battling for so long. Suddenly, Sunny stopped in his tracks and started barking furiously, looking alertly at a thick patch of bushes. Sarah felt a surge of panic, wondering what had startled (惊吓)him. But before she could react, Sunny dashed toward the bushes, pulling Sarah along with him.

注意：

(1)续写词数应为150个左右；

(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Out of nowhere, Sarah heard the sound of a girl crying in a weak voice.

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Seeing the girl's relieved smile, Sarah realized Sunny not only saved a life, but inspired her to change and create.

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(1)陈述个人观点；

(2)阐明理由。

注意：(1)写作词数应为80个左右；

(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

My Views on Learning on Bilibili

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"Directed by Yang Yu, widely known as Jiaozi, the film Ne Zha 2, a massive hit in Chinese cinemas, (break) box office records consistently since its debut, with the box office for the period from Jan. 28 to Feb, 13 (reach) an astonishing 10 billion yuan ($1.37 billion)," the China Film Administration announced Wednesday.

(root) in Chinese mythology, Ne Zha 2 retells ancient stories with a modern twist. Born with unique powers, Ne Zha finds (he) as an outcast (被排斥的人) who is feared and even hated. Fated by prophecy (预言) to bring destruction to the world, the boy must choose good and evil.

In addition to the high quality of the animation and its fascinating account, the film also delivers a powerful visual experience. Besides, the success of the first Ne Zha film in 2019,    became the highest-grossing animated film in China at the time, provided solid foundation for the sequel. An associate researcher at the Central Academy of Culture and Tourism Administration noted that the established popularity of Ne Zha, alongside strong IP (recognize), played a critical role in attracting large audiences to expect the sequel.

The movie's representation of complex relationships, especially familial bonds and friendships, empathizes with audiences, (particular) during the Spring Festival, a time when family reunions are a central theme. For many, the film's themes of self-identity, overcoming obstacles, finding one's purpose mirror the personal challenges they face in their own lives.

So, in order to see if no social life would make me more3, I decided to cut out my social life4. For a whole month, I5 all in-person activities with friends: going out for drinks, dinners,6 and other non-work related events.

On the first day, I had to deal with some strong7. But as the days passed, I started to relax. I began to8 moments of rest and even boredom throughout the day. Such moments are crucial for9. I found myself regularly brainstorming new ideas and reimagining existing projects.

However, such10 would be a concern if I remained isolated for too long. While one month of no social life did not impact my relationships with11 clients, if I continued, it might12 my ability to build new ones.

It occurred to me that I can't cut out an area of life in order to lift another - a(n)13 with people is linked to our work and helps us deal with life's ups and downs. We should not strive for a work-life balance.14, we should try to bring our social life into our work. Perhaps the secret to a successful career is learning to15 the two.

Be sincere in your words

Sincerity is the foundation of a great compliment. People can usually tell whether a compliment is genuine or not. . Instead, take the time to find something you truly admire about the person. For example, if you say, "Your hard work on this project really shows. I can see how much effort you've put in," it will be much more meaningful than a casual, insincere "Good job."

A compliment will feel more special when it's clear you've noticed something that really matters to the person you're talking to. For example, if your mother-in-law spends a lot of time cultivating her beautiful flower garden, you could compliment her on her excellent eye for color. Complimenting someone on what they're really good at is a sure way to bring a smile to his or her face every time.

Link to their goals or values

If you know what a person values or what their goals are, you can tailor your compliment accordingly. . For instance, if your friend is passionate about environmental protection and has organized a recycling campaign, you can say, "I really admire your dedication to protecting the environment. This recycling campaign is making a real difference, and it shows how much you care."

Add a positive prediction

Ending your compliment with a positive prediction can make it even more powerful. . For example, "You have a real talent for public speaking. I'm sure you'll be a great speaker in the future and inspire many people."

By following these steps, you'll become a master at making others feel valued and appreciated.

A. Admire their personal achievements

B. Avoid giving forced or insincere compliments

C. It gives the person something to look forward to

D. Don't compliment someone just in complicated words

E. This can make your compliment more relevant and meaningful

F. However, not everyone knows how to give effective compliments

G. A compliment should be in line with the situation and your goals

For companies, the appeal of influencer marketing (营销) lies in its capability to target specific audiences through content creators, alongside consumers' rising social media engagement. Influencer Marketing Hub notes 86% of brands globally plan to invest in influencer campaigns in 2025, up from 37% in 2017, with nearly a quarter committing over 40% of their marketing budgets to such efforts.

However, the influencer boom presents challenges. Goldman Sachs reveals only 4% of influencers earn over $100,000 annually. AI-generated "virtual influencers" like Aitana López - a computer-designed fitness expert with 330,000 Instagram followers - threaten to flood feeds (信息流) further. While small creators with modest (不算多的) followings may earn side income, few can quit their regular jobs. Market overcrowding also makes online fame unstable. Joe Gagliese of Viral Nation warns that even viral moments don't guarantee lasting success: "If influencers don't take advantage of the momentum (势头), someone else will."

Consumer exhaustion adds another hurdle. A 2023 McKinsey survey found 68% of global fashion consumers were critical about the massive amount of sponsored content. Anita Balchandani of McKinsey notes influencers initially gained attention as "trusted" voices, but maintaining veracity alongside paid promotions is now crucial. Seeking this balance is key to staying relevant in an overcrowded market.

Ultimately, while the appeal of influencer careers remains, the reality is tough: as the industry grows, so does the gap between the fascinating dream and real sustainability.

One of the most impressive features of DeepSeek is its ability to analyze vast amounts of data in real time. For example, in healthcare, it has been used to predict disease outbreaks by analyzing patterns in patient data. In finance, it has helped banks find fraud with very high accuracy. Yet, these advancements come with a price. It raises concerns about privacy and consent (允许). Who owns the data being used, and how can we ensure it is not misused?

Another area where DeepSeek has shown promise is in natural language processing (NLP). Its ability to understand and generate human language has made it a valuable tool for translation services. However, critics argue that this technology could be weaponized to spread misinformation or influence public opinions. The recent controversy over AI-generated deepfake videos is also a reminder of the potential dangers.

Despite these challenges, people who support DeepSeek argue that its benefits far outweigh the risks. They point to its potential to solve some of the world's most pressing problems, such as climate change and poverty. For instance, DeepSeek has been used to make smarter cities consume less energy, reducing carbon emissions significantly. In agriculture, it has helped farmers increase crop yields by analyzing soil data.

The debate about DeepSeek's ethical influences is far from settled. Some call for stricter regulations to prevent misuse, while others believe that innovation should not be stopped because of fear. As we move forward, one thing is clear: the future of AI will depend on our ability to pursue balance between progress and responsibility.

A group of seven horses and six soldiers from the Household Cavalry based at Hyde Park barracks (兵营) were on a routine exercise in Belgravia when the chaos erupted. Four soldiers were thrown from their horses and five animals got loose. Three soldiers received hospital treatment, ending up with no sign of serious injuries.

Two horses were seen running loose near Aldwych. One horse crashed into a parked taxi outside the Clermont hotel on Buckingham Palace Road, smashing the windows. A woman passenger, a housewife on her trip back from shopping, had her right arm severely cut. The other horse bumped into a parked double-decker bus, breaking the windscreen.

The London Ambulance Service received three calls from separate locations about the incident, with the first call reporting a soldier being thrown from a horse on Buckingham Palace Road. Civilian witnesses described the crazy scenes. One bystander said: "In front of Victoria station, I saw the horses come charging out of the bus station. They were running around in a total stampede (狂奔). People were running in all directions to avoid them."

The BBC reported that the noise of building machines in Belgravia might have initially panicked the animals. All the horses were eventually brought under control, with three caught on the road and the other two near Limehouse tunnel, around eight miles away.