相关试卷
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1、 阅读理解
"Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here," wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.
Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.
From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus (On Famous Men), highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, he championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.
Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers, industrialists and explores. "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit," wrote Smiles. "what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself." His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.
This was all a bit bourgeois (庸俗的) for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.
Not everyone was convinced by such bombast (浮夸的描写): "The history of all existing society is the history of class struggle" wrote Marx and Engels in The Communist Manifesto. "It is man, real living man, who does all that." And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle.
This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. It transformed the public history: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. Whole new realms of understanding—from gender to race to cultural studies—were opened up as scholars unpicked the diversity of lost societies.
(1)、What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 mean?A、History is no more than a pressing literary craze. B、History should be the story of some epochal heroes. C、History is a guide through a tough life for working men. D、History should be inspirational rather than empathetic.(2)、According to the article, ____ dismissed virtues as unnecessary for successful rulers.A、Petrarch B、Samuel Smiles C、Thomas Carlyle D、Niccolo Machiavelli(3)、According to the article, Marx and Engels ____.A、emphasized the virtues of real living men B、stressed the uniqueness of personal experiences C、focused on the worthy lives of truly heroic people D、held that it is the people who make their own history(4)、What can we infer from the article?A、How people appreciate the past has never changed. B、History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. C、New realms of understanding great men in history were opened up. D、Christopher Hill, EP Thompson, and Eric Hobsbaw m were Victorian sages. -
2、Please write letters to our relatives and friends by hand.Don't send e-mails.It is a good idea.(用it作形式主语改写句子,并用rather than合并为一句)
→ to our relatives and friends by hand .
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3、She is easy-going and warm-hearted She is always ready to help others.(用形容词作状语改写句子,并合为一句)
→ , she is always ready to help others.
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4、Tong Xin is a nice and beautiful girl.She is 17 years old.She has big eyes and long hair.(合并为一句)
→ Tong Xin, , is a nice and beautiful girl .
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5、You can have much in common with them.It can help you get along well with them(用非限制性定语从句合并句子)
→You can have much in common with them, .
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6、This project was designed to help the students in need. But it just didn't work out as planned. (同义句转换)
This project just didn't work out as planned.(过去分词短语作定语)
This project just didn't work out as planned.(定语从句)
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7、As Teachers' Day is approaching, classmates decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day.(句型转换)
→, classmates decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day.(with 复合结构)
→, classmates decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day.(介词短语)
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8、 课文填空
What's In a Name?(课文P40-41)
The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England--many people are (confuse) by what these different names mean. So what is the (different) between them, if any? (get) to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.
In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined the Kingdom of England. Later, in the 18th century, the country Scotland was joined (create) the Kingdom of Great Britain. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. (final), in the 20th century , the southern part of Ireland (break) away from the UK, which resulted the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Most people just use the shortened name: "the United Kingdom" or "the UK". People from the UK are called "British", means the UK is also often (refer) to as Britain or Great Britain.
The four countries belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. They use same flag, known the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military (defend). However, they also have some differences. example, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland all have different (educate) systems and legal systems. They also have their own (tradition), like their own national days and national dishes. And they even have their own football teams competitions like the World Cup!
The United Kingdom has long and interesting history to explore, can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions. Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be (surround) by evidence of four different groups of people took over at different times throughout history. The first group, the Romans, (come) in the first century. Some of their great achievements included (build) towns and roads. Next, the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century. They introduced the (begin) of the English language, and changed the way people built houses. The Vikings came in the eighth century, left behind lots of new vocabulary, and also the names of many (location) across the UK. The last group were the Normans. They (conquer) England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century. They had castles (build) all around England, and made changes the legal system. The Normans were French, many French words slowly entered into the English language.
There is so much more (learn) about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom. Studying history of the country will make your visit much more (enjoy). The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is ancient port city that has a history (date) all the way back to Roman times. There are countless historic sites to explore, and lots of museums ancient relics from all over the UK. The UK is a (fascinate) mix of history and modern culture, with both new old traditions. If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised (find) that you can see both its past and its present.
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9、Here is a list of some ( 有毒的蘑菇). They can look different depending on the (地点和气候).
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10、The ancient vase (属于) the Qing Dynasty will be also on exhibition.
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11、The mind needs exercise (同……一样) the body.
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12、Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland (脱离) the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
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13、The bombing has been far more widespread than the (军队) will admit.
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14、Mr. Smith likes to (围绕) himself with students asking him questions.
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15、He is an excellent lawyer with a good brain, who has made great a all his life. (根据首字母单词拼写)
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16、For example, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland all have different education and (法律的,adj.) systems.
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17、 词性转化(1)、puzzle vt. 迷惑;使困惑→ n.谜;疑问→ adj.令人困惑的→ adj. 困惑的,糊涂的(2)、legal adj.法律的;合法的→ adv.合法地→ adj.非法的→ adv. 违法地;非法地(3)、surround vt.围绕;包围→ adj.周围的→ n.环境(4)、achievement n.成就;成绩;达到→ vt.完成;达到(5)、location n.地方;地点;位置→ adj.位于→ vt.使坐落于vi.定位;定居(6)、evidence n.证据;证明→ adj.明显的(7)、eager adj.热切的;渴望的→ adv.热切地;渴望地→ n.渴望;热心;热切(8)、crowd n.人群;一群人;民众 vt.挤满;使……拥挤→ adj.拥挤的
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18、 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
We were out to change the world. This was our time, our senior year. My best friend Beth and I had big dreams and hopes for our last year in high school.
"Kris, did you see the girl standing by us in the lunch 1ine—she looks so lost, so out of place." We had heard of a family that had just moved to our town from the country of Cambodia. We knew there was supposed to be a new girl at our school from that family, but we had yet to meet her until now.
Lucy was a small dark-haired beauty. She was starting her freshman year in this new country. She struggled with the little English she knew and that made it very hard for her to get to know people in our small town.
In most cases, students of the same grade would sit together. We watched in the lunchroom from our "Senior Table". This table was reserved (预留) for our "senior sports jock (运动健将) friends," and no one else. Most of the time, Lucy would get her lunch tray (托盘) with the rest of we students but she always kept her head down with her eyes focused on the floor. She would then head to the table of the freshman class. Unfortunately, it was the table for the most popular girls in the freshman class. Every single day Lucy would sit at the very edge of her seat and eat as fast as she could. She kept her eyes fixed on her food and we never, ever saw her look up. We would watch quietly as the other girls were interacting with each other at her table. They would make gestures to one another and laugh at Lucy while she ate.
As we paid attention over the next week, we never heard anyone at her table say "Hi" to Lucy. We decided to try our hardest to let one lonely girl know that there were people who knew she existed.
Para1: We sat with Lucy at the freshman girl's table.
Para2: From then on, Lucy began to change.
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19、 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
A new group of free employees have been added to a French workforce. So far, a theme park in western France (employ) six birds, more exactly six crows (乌鸦), to collect and deal with garbage-- mainly cigarette ends and other small pieces. The birds take the (collect) rubbish to special bins where they can receive bird food in exchange putting away the litter.
Park president Nicolas said, "The purpose of employing the crows is to educate people to take up their social (responsible). Since the birds are able to do people are supposed to do, we should do this by ourselves."
Crows have long been observed for their (amaze) intelligence. They are one of the (smart) groups of animals on earth, with remarkable problem solving, tool making, and deductive reasoning skills.
In addition to inspiring humans to pick up trash, the clever crows are currently working at the park are pretty excited to put their intelligence to work.
"It has become exciting game for them," Nicolas says. "They pick up the trash on the ground, and every day they (reward) for what they have done."
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20、阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
During my quiet moments I often think back to the days when my children were young. Life was hard and very 1 for me then, because I had a(n) 2 and challenging job. I worked from morning to night.
Then I was ill in hospital. After I 3 , I went back to work, only to be told I would be 4 . The company was making budget (预算) cuts, and 5 to lay off (下岗) some workers. I was one of them. My boss handed me an envelope (信封). I was 6 when I opened it and saw the check (支票) I had received. It was 7 enough to get us over the difficult time. I was 8 , though, and left the company.
Every coin has two sides. Then my children and I had the 9 of our lives as a result of my getting laid off. I 10 a great deal of money on childcare, and we discovered how much 11 we could have on a small amount of money. We did all kinds of activities and led a 12 and happy life together.
The week before my unemployment benefits ended, I found a part-time job at a local pharmacy (药房). I 13 during the hours my sons were in school. I kept the job for eight years. The 14 I got there enabled me to find a similar job 15 I moved to another town.
When I think back to the days I 16 my job, I realize that although I was sad then, it was the 17 thing that had ever happened to me. 18 being laid off, I had the 19 to spend quality time with my children, and even to find a more 20 job to balance my role as mother and employee.
(1)A 、 wealthy B 、 healthy C 、 busy D 、 lonely(2)A 、 low-paid B 、 unskilled C 、 important D 、 part-time(3)A 、 arrived B 、 succeeded C 、 moved D 、 recovered(4)A 、 punished B 、 fired C 、 trained D 、 helped(5)A 、 happened B 、 waited C 、 decided D 、 promised(6)A 、 surprised B 、 angry C 、 worried D 、 proud(7)A 、 real B 、 thick C 、 new D 、 large(8)A 、 curious B 、 sad C 、 shy D 、 doubtful(9)A 、 time B 、 wish C 、 pity D 、 hope(10)A 、 donated B 、 raised C 、 saved D 、 borrowed(11)A 、 money B 、 care C 、 luck D 、 fun(12)A 、 full B 、 dull C 、 hard D 、 strange(13)A 、 studied B 、 worked C 、 taught D 、 practiced(14)A 、 confidence B 、 courage C 、 advice D 、 experience(15)A 、 though B 、 unless C 、 after D 、 if(16)A 、 changed B 、 lost C 、 kept D 、 took(17)A 、 greatest B 、 truest C 、 simplest D 、 safest(18)A 、 Instead of B 、 Except for C 、 As for D 、 Thanks to(19)A 、 right B 、 chance C 、 goal D 、 plan(20)A 、 encouraging B 、 interesting C 、 suitable D 、 advanced