相关试卷
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1、 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
When people hear "artificial intelligence," many envision "big data. " There's a reason for that: some of the most important AI breakthroughs in the past decade have relied on enormous data sets. But AI is not only about large data sets, and research in "small data" approaches has grown extensively over the past decade—with so-called transfer learning as an especially promising example. Also known as "fine-tuning," transfer learning is helpful in settings where you have little data on the task of interest but abundant data on a related problem. The way it works is that you first train a model using a big data set and then retrain slightly using a smaller data set related to your specific problem.
Research in transfer learning approaches has grown impressively over the past 10 years. In a new report for Georgetown University's Center for Security and Emerging Technology (CSET), we examined current and projected progress in scientific research across "small data" approaches. Our analysis found that transfer learning stands out as a category that has experienced the most consistent and highest research growth on average since 2010. This growth has even outpaced the larger and more established field of reinforcement learning, which in recent years has attracted widespread attention.
Small data approaches such as transfer learning offer numerous advantages over more data-intensive methods. By enabling the use of AI with less data, they can bolster progress in areas where little or no data exist, such as in forecasting natural disasters that occur relatively rarely or in predicting the risk of disease for a population set that does not have digital health records.
Another way of thinking about the value of transfer learning is in terms of generalization. A recurring challenge in the use of AI is that models need to "generalize" beyond their training data. Because transfer learning models work by transferring knowledge from one task to another, they are very helpful in improving generalization in the new task, even if only limited data were available.
Moreover, by using pretrained models, transfer learning can speed up training time and could also reduce the amount of computational resources needed to train algorithms (算法). This efficiency is significant, considering that the process of training one large neural (神经系统的) network requires considerable energy.
Despite the growth in research, transfer learning has received relatively little visibility. The existence of techniques such as transfer learning does not seem to have reached the awareness of the broader space of policy makers and business leaders in positions of making important decisions about AI funding and adoption. By acknowledging the success of small data techniques like transfer learning—and distributing resources to support their widespread use—we can help overcome some of the common misconceptions regarding the role of data in AI and facilitate innovation in new directions.
(1)、What does the underlined word "bolster" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A、Promote. B、Seek. C、Track. D、Monitor.(2)、In which of the following settings can transfer learning be best applied?A、Predicting the frequency of floods in Amazon rainforest. B、Designing a program that can read handwritten documents. C、Forecasting the number of people infected with an unknown illness. D、Predicting house prices based on basic features like area and location.(3)、What is the writer's attitude towards transfer learning?A、Doubtful. B、Optimistic. C、Critical. D、Unconcerned.(4)、Which would be the best title for the passage?A、Transfer Learning: Where Does It Best Fit? B、Small Data Are Also Crucial for Advancing AI C、Transfer Learning Powers Technological Advances D、Big Data vs. Small Data: Which Is the Future of AI? -
2、 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Alexis was a student, the only son of his wealthy parents, and felt entitled to the luxuries he had in his life. On a class field trip, Alexis met the forester, Justin, who had been living in a wooden house in the forest over ten years. When learning Justin's life, Alexis laughed at him with his friends.
During the field trip, Alexis and his classmates passed by an entrance to a cave. "This looks so cool!" Alexis exclaimed. He wanted to go inside the cave, but his teacher stopped him.
The next day, Alexis reached the cave with his four friends, only to find they couldn't take their schoolbags through the entrance. One by one, the teenagers entered the cave and were amazed to see how wide it was from the inside. Albert picked a large stone up and hit one of the walls with it. "This place is so cool!" he laughed quietly before the rocks from the wall came falling.
"Watch out, Albert!" Alexis said and pulled Albert towards himself. The teenagers screamed in fear when they saw the rocks fall. They couldn't see anything because of the dust floating in the air.
The friends were scared when they realized they were trapped in the cave. "HELP! WE ARE STUCK!" the teenagers started screaming for help, hoping someone would hear them.
Fate sent Justin to the cave. The forester picked berries every day from the trees near the cave. While he was walking back to his house, five bright-colored schoolbags caught his attention. Then he approached the cave and shouted, "Hey! Who's in there?"
"I'm Alexis ! I came here yesterday with my teacher! Help us, please! We are stuck!"
"Okay, calm down, children! I'll help you out!" Justin said.
Justin quickly called 911 and informed them about the kids in the cave. Thinking the paramedics (护理人员) would take at least twenty minutes to arrive, he decided to help the kids himself before it was too late. Justin quickly grabbed a shovel and a flashlight and rushed back to the cave's entrance. Meanwhile, Alexis and his friends tried to stay calm. A few minutes later, Alexis and his friends could see the flashlight shine through the cave's entrance. Seconds later, they rushed outside the cave and took a deep breath in the fresh air.
Just then, the paramedics arrived.
(1)、What may lead to Alexis looking down on Justin?A、His lower education. B、His poor family. C、His bad reputation. D、His living condition.(2)、How did Alexis feel about the cave at first?A、Doubtful. B、Curious. C、astonished. D、Scared.(3)、Why did Justin appear near the cave?A、It was his daily routine. B、He saw five colorful schoolbags. C、He came to look for the children. D、He heard the screaming for help.(4)、What lesson can we learn from the story ?A、Lucky or unlucky. B、Don't judge a person by his looks. C、Curiosity kills the cat. D、Once in a blue moon. -
3、 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
During my graduate studies, countless workshops taught me one thing: To make it in science, one must design and carry out big projects. As I established my own research lab, a senior colleague encouraged me to try something big. So when I landed an associate professor position, my goal seemed obvious: I should perform big projects. This was the only way to lay a foundation for a successful academic research career. The path, however, would not be as clear as I had pictured.
When I contacted famous researchers to suggest cooperating, as is typically required for high-profile projects, they frequently replied enthusiastically to start, agreeing my project sounded interesting and promising. But when they learned I had just established my lab, they became skeptical and hesitant, ultimately saying no. And when I sought grant funding, my lack of experience and reputation was cited as a reason to deny support for my ambitious proposals.
I spent about two years being stuck in this mindset, excited about my big ideas but making little actual progress, leading to frustration and depression. As I neared my breaking point, I began to ask myself: were big projects really the only route?
When I shifted to small projects, I became brave enough to step into fields I was not familiar with. By reading papers in new areas, I found creative ideas to pursue. When I discussed these adventurous, low-cost projects with early-career researchers, they were glad to cooperate. We secured funding. When I published papers out of these projects, they were not exciting enough to make headlines — but for me, it was a moment of joy and self-contentment.
It has now been 3 years since I embraced this "small" approach. Sometimes senior colleagues say I'm wasting time with projects that aren't important enough. But I disagree. When I do these studies, I also find clues for future big projects. Going forward, I will still commit part of my time to exploring small projects, which I think can help pursue more fundamental questions
(1)、What is the author trying to do with big projects?A、Establish an academic research center. B、Pursue his graduate studies. C、Seek a route to academic success. D、Apply for an associate professorship.(2)、What prevented the author pursuing his big project?A、The toughness of work. B、The opposition from colleagues. C、Lack of necessary support. D、Shortage of academic talents.(3)、How did the author carry out his small project?A、By publishing influential papers. B、By getting young colleagues' funding. C、By cooperating with senior colleagues. D、By exploring and initiating new ideas.(4)、What does the author learn from his experience?A、Good jobs require a high degree. B、Small doesn't mean unimportant. C、Success results from preparation. D、Ambition isn't fit for the young. -
4、阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Art Contest— Technology &You!
Technology is everywhere these days. Automation has pioneered innovation. Your phone is probably in your pocket or your hands at all times, and now it's easier than ever to communicate with anyone in the world. What are your thoughts on technology, social media or your phone? Do you feel excitement every time you get a notification message, or do you feel tied down by these digital "chains"?
However you feel, we want you to put that into artwork-paintings, digital art or photography. One winner and several honorable mentions will be featured in the December 2024 magazine, and the winner will receive a $25 gift card! You may even see your art work in future issues of Teen Ink magazine.
Deadline: Nov. 1, 2024
Details and requirements:
Entrants must have a Teen Ink account and be aged 13~19.
Inappropriate content will not be accepted.
Submissions must relate to the topic (technology).
Entries must be a piece of artwork created by the entrants themselves.
Entrants can submit as many pieces of art as they wish.
How to submit:
Entries can be submitted through the Teen Ink website. All entries submitted will be reviewed and considered for the contest. See our submission guidelines for more information.
Make sure to submit your art work to the appropriate art category(technology) on Teen Ink. You can do this by using the "additional tags (标签)" field in your submission form.
(1)、What is the main theme of the art contest?A、The development of technology. B、The application of technology. C、Innovations of technology. D、Viewpoints on technology.(2)、What is one of the requirements for submitting artwork to the contest?A、Submit original artwork. B、Submit artwork with a unique tag. C、Submit different types of artwork. D、Submit only one piece of artwork.(3)、What is Teen Ink?A、A library. B、A magazine. C、An art school. D、An art museum. -
5、 听录音,回答问题。(1)、When did the speaker's family start their traveling?A、On May 1st. B、On May 5th. C、On May 6th.(2)、How did the speaker's family go to Shillong from Guwahati?A、By car. B、By plane. C、By train.(3)、What do we know about Shillong?A、The climate wasn't good. B、The transport wasn't convenient. C、There weren't many tourist attractions.(4)、What did the speaker's family do at the end of their vacation?A、They admired the sunrise. B、They visited tea gardens. C、They explored thick forests.
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6、 听录音,回答问题。(1)、Where did the man read the story about a flight?A、In a newspaper. B、In a magazine. C、On a website.(2)、Who called the air traffic controller for help?A、A pilot. B、An air hostess. C、A passenger.(3)、What did the air traffic controller decide to do?A、Teach how to operate a plane. B、Ask his coworkers for help. C、Make a video of flying.(4)、What happened to the plane in the end?A、It crashed. B、It landed safely. C、It caused several deaths.
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7、 听录音,回答问题。(1)、When is Lisa's party?A、On Wednesday. B、On Thursday. C、On Friday.(2)、Why can't the man go to the party?A、He isn't feeling well. B、He isn't a party person. C、He can't afford the time.(3)、What will the woman call Anna for?A、To invite her to a movie. B、To ask her for a lift. C、To borrow her car.
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8、 听录音,回答问题。(1)、What are the speakers talking about?A、Where to hold a party. B、When to organize activities. C、How to spend New Year's Eve.(2)、What do we know about the speakers?A、They went to a square last New Year's Eve. B、They want to buy an expensive wallet. C、They will hold a party at a hotel.
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9、听录音,回答问题。(1)、Why is the man making the call?A、To arrange a trip for Wendy. B、To invite the woman to dinner. C、To say goodbye to the woman.(2)、What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A、Friends. B、Relatives. C、Co-workers.
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10、 What is the probable relationship between the man and Peggy?A、Father and daughter. B、Manager and secretary. C、Neighbors.
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11、 What will Sam probably do this weekend?A、Go hiking. B、Play table tennis. C、Visit Mike.
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12、 What did Nancy intend to buy yesterday?A、Clothes. B、Fruit. C、Baby food.
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13、 What is the man offering?A、Advice. B、Encouragement. C、Criticism.
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14、 What will the woman probably do next?A、Walk to the park. B、Drive to the lake. C、Return to London.
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15、阅读下面短文, 根据所给情节进行续写, 使之构成一个完整的故事。
"Did you write your thank-you notes?" I asked my son, Jon.
"No, not yet, Mom," Jon replied, rolling his eyes.
He promised to do it when he got back from Kim's house. However, I demanded that he not leave the house until he finished writing a note to everyone he came in contact with during the job interview.
"Even the receptionist who was rude to me?" Jon asked with a confused expression.
"Especially her!"
Jon was home on Christmas break from college and had just finished interviewing with his first-choice company in Cleveland, Ohio. It was a rare opportunity considering that jobs were in short supply.
The power of a thank-you note is something I drilled into my boy from the time he was old enough to hold a pencil. It didn't matter if it was for a birthday, Christmas or graduation. Every gift had to be acknowledged with sincere gratitude within twenty-four hours.
Growing up, my mom was a stickler for thank-you notes. But she phrased it in such a way that it came across not as a threat but as a privilege. She'd say, "Your words of sincere gratitude have the power to change someone's life for the better—even if it's just for a moment." Her advice changed my life, and it was my hope that it would change Jon's life as well.
After an hour, Jon emerged from his room and handed over eight thank-you notes. To my delight, they were all sincere and heartfelt, even the one to the receptionist who had been less than friendly. Before Jon left to visit Kim, he turned to me and announced that he was pretty sure a thank-you note to the CEO or the receptionist wasn't going to land him the job. With a smile, I told him to wait and see.
Jon was twenty-one years old, and I felt foolish telling a grown man what to do, but I also didn't want him living in our basement for the rest of his life!
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式作答。
A week later, Jon received a call from the company.
The next day after work, I found a thank-you note on my bedside table.
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16、假定你是李华, 你班外教 Mr. Hank准备开展原著阅读活动, 现就阅读材料采用原版小说还是改编版征求班级意见, 请你给Mr. Hank写一封信, 内容包括:
1. 你的建议;
2. 说明原因。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Mr. Hank,
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
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17、阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Smart shelves are a big change in retail. (combine)new technology with regular shelves, smart shelves can make managing inventory(存货清单)and talking with customers (easy). These shelves have sensors, RFID tags, and screens that show information, making smart system that tells us right away about products, they're selling, and what customers like. With the world going digital and customers wanting more, smart shelves help stores work better and make shopping cooler.
Smart shelves started with using RFID in the early 2000s for tracking inventory and preventing theft. Now, they have become more (advance)with better sensors, connections, and data analysis.
Smart shelves keep track of inventory levels in real-time. When noticing that they (run)low on a product, they will tell the store's system (automatic). This system then orders more that product so the shelves stay full and customers can always find what they need. This helps stores avoid running out of products having too much.
Smart shelves also help stores manage product expiration(到期)dates. They remind the store when products are about to expire so they can (sell)before going bad. This helps reduce waste and ensures customers get fresh products.
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18、阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My parents took me camping to the Chilean Lake District every summer while growing up. Back then, before the internet, we had to 1 maps and guidebooks. So through the endless hours of our road trips, I kept myself 2 glancing at a map and reading about the small towns we passed. It was great fun.
During one trip, my dad 3 me about the Travelers Century Club(TCC), a group for people who have 4 100 or more of the world's countries. My eyes shone with the thought of being a member, and I made it my 5 .
It was not long before I started 6 to travel to another country. My parents laughed and offered a(n) 7 they'd take me to our neighbor Argentina, my first trip abroad, 8 I had to see more parts of my own country before I visited another 9 . I happily accepted.
What I immediately 10 is that—as much as I wanted to be part of the TCC—the main 11 for travel should center on what I'll get out of a trip, whether that's meeting locals, 12 the typical cuisine, or exploring nature. It shouldn't be just to 13 countries. Ticking countries off a list only because you put your feet there feels 14 to me. What inspires me the most to hit the road is 15 , which can feed my adventurous soul.
(1)A 、 search for B 、 rely on C 、 put away D 、 pass down(2)A 、 entertained B 、 organized C 、 relaxed D 、 educated(3)A 、 warned B 、 reminded C 、 told D 、 inquired(4)A 、 left B 、 served C 、 represented D 、 visited(5)A 、 habit B 、 idea C 、 duty D 、 goal(6)A 、 agreeing B 、 learning C 、 asking D 、 waiting(7)A 、 compromise B 、 explanation C 、 opinion D 、 service(8)A 、 but B 、 so C 、 and D 、 if(9)A 、 club B 、 country C 、 town D 、 neighbor(10)A 、 remembered B 、 predicted C 、 expected D 、 realized(11)A 、 praises B 、 preparations C 、 suggestions D 、 reasons(12)A 、 introducing B 、 offering C 、 tasting D 、 packing(13)A 、 explore B 、 occupy C 、 count D 、 discover(14)A 、 meaningless B 、 unnecessary C 、 fulfilling D 、 important(15)A 、 schedules B 、 experiences C 、 ambitions D 、 opportunities -
19、根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The feeling like there's no point trying anything since nothing feels good anymore has a name: anhedonia. While anhedonia appears similar to boredom, it's distinct in that it's usually coupled with a loss of motivation to even give things a try. So what can be done to deal with it? Here's how you can bounce back from this joyless state of mind.
Keep a thought worksheet to investigate negative thinking. They might have negative views of themselves, combined with negative views of the world and of the future. Keeping a thought worksheet can help restructure the beliefs. Write about a situation that happened, the moods you felt, and the automatic thoughts you had. Then write down evidence that supports the automatic thought driving the moods, and evidence that does not support it. You're looking not only at the negative aspects, but the neutral(中立的)and positive aspects.
Keep a daily record of things you're grateful for. Listing simple things you're grateful for brings the forgotten positive aspects of our lives to the front of our mind. You may be grateful for having food on your plate, or having a pillow to rest your head on every night.
Try doing something you used to enjoy. It can be really discouraging to do things you usually love to do and find you no longer enjoy them. Take it easy. Instead of seeking enjoyment, focus on leaving the activity with a more neutral perspective, such as, 'I've done something to improve the way I feel.' Start with small, manageable bursts of time, such as spending 15 minutes watching a TV show or walking outside.
A. Replace negative thoughts with positive ones.
B. Sometimes, this state of mind becomes problematic.
C. Try approaching these activities with a different purpose.
D. Try to do this every day, even if you only write down one or two things.
E. People experiencing anhedonia often hold beliefs across three categories.
F. Engage in important social connections even if you don't feel like socializing.
G. In doing so, you are positioning yourself to review all the information your brain is receiving.
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20、 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
For many in America, food waste is a way of life: a discarded(丢弃)apple here, a half-eaten dinner plate there. But just how much food do Americans waste, and why? A new research casts light on the dirty little habit that squanders over 30 percent of the country's food supply and costs $161. 6 billion a year, a habit driven in part by fear of food poisoning and a desire to eat only the freshest foods.
When public health researchers from Johns Hopkins University surveyed Americans about their feelings on food waste, they found that "Americans are pretty picky about what gets to stay in their fridges." The survey, which was conducted online and covered a nationally representative sample of 1,010 adults, asked questions about the things that motivate people to keep and throw out food from their fridges.
65 percent of respondents said they threw food out due to worries about food poisoning, while 60 percent said they only wanted to eat the freshest foods. A smaller amount(41 percent)reported that they composted(制堆肥)food, "so it doesn't bother me." Only 15 percent of respondents said they didn't have time to prevent food waste.
On the other hand, respondents seemed relatively motivated to waste less food—but not for the reasons you might think. People were most motivated to reduce food waste due to desires to save money. and manage their households efficiently. But regardless of the fact that food waste causes a significant environmental impact and only a small part of food waste is composted, less than half of respondents thought it was important to reduce food waste for environmental reasons.
Roni Neff, who leads the research, hopes the results will help educators, policymakers and businesses make changes—like highlighting the economic costs of food waste—that are actually likely to reduce waste. But perhaps the most effective strategy, writes Neff, could be clarifying messages about food safety and freshness so that Americans get less alarmed by the potential of food poisoning to begin with.
(1)、What does the underlined word "squanders" mean in the first paragraph?A、Wastes. B、Distributes. C、Maintains. D、Produces.(2)、What does the survey mainly focus on?A、Functions of fridges. B、Different eating habits. C、Reasons for food waste. D、Public health conditions.(3)、What motivated respondents most to cut down food waste?A、Enormous food waste. B、The desire to save money. C、Environmental awareness. D、The need to compost food.(4)、What does Neff suggest in the last paragraph?A、Pay more attention to food waste. B、Ignore the potential of food poisoning. C、Reduce the economic costs of food waste. D、Correct misconceptions about food safety and freshness.