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That's why I decided to have a3 — hiking from Kazbegi Town to Gergeti Trinity Church. Though the trip is a short one, based on the church's location atop a mountain, I knew it was going to be a4 climb — especially after six weeks of traveling around.

I5 Kazbegi Town on a cold, foggy afternoon and decided to begin the hiking to the6 the next morning. Luckily, a(n)7 over the breakfast table at my guesthouse8 me. I got chatting with a couple who had done the hike and had a crucial9 for me: Don't follow the10 route, but instead, take the path on the left side of the mountain.

As it turned out, the main route — the route everyone else11 — was impossibly steep(陡峭的), but the lesser-walked path was a12 path along a mountain stream. Had I tried to take the main path, I never would have13 the walk; however, following this easier route, I14 something totally foreign: A hike I actually enjoyed! I felt so proud.

If it weren't for that first hiking in the Republic of Georgia, I don't think I would have had the courage to15 myself to other hikes.

In 2005, a terrible hurricane hit Kane's hometown. After it, she had to cope with the loss of her home. In watching the cardinals and other birds, she found relief. Soon she started bringing her students along. "My students stared at me in disbelief when I told them I had never cared about birds before," Kane writes. "I suddenly wondered how many creatures would die because of the way we lived." She decided to pursue an environmentally-conscious career. In 2007, she took a course to study environmental science.

Most of the book focuses on Kane's efforts to preserve Warner Park, an ideal location satisfying birding requirements for her class. She successfully campaigned to stop the construction of a parking lot. Her activism snowballed into a local bird watching and protecting organization. It eventually became part of Kane's doctoral research, and launched a birding class that pairs middle school students with college-student advisors.

The book shows readers that a good knowledge of nature doesn't require a degree. Take Jeremy, a seemingly uninterested boy in Kane's birding class. When reporters joined an outing, the normally quiet Jeremy started talking excitedly about the bunting, a small blue bird. Kane soon learned that he had secretly taken to studying the field guide given to him by his advisor.

At its core, Birding to Change the World is about how people and birds today depend on one another. "For birds, that dependence is concrete. For thousands of years, our species has seen birds as a symbol of liberation," Kane writes. In her case, it is liberation from the grief and depression that the hurricane brought. "Bird by bird, they carve a new pathway in my life, a joyful pathway."

During a match in May, Wu Chuguo, a decoration worker from Liubaitang village, Rongjiang County, scored a spectacular 40-meter goal that ignited (点燃) the crowd. Wu said he was influenced by elders in his village and fell in love with the sport. In the county, rural soccer matches have taken place regularly since the 1990s. When there was a lack of facilities, soccer players used barren land as a field and wooden stakes for the posts. The boundaries were marked out with lime powder. When they couldn't gather enough players, they played futsal, a soccer-based game played on a smaller hard court.

In recent years, the county has focused on gymnastics, soccer, rock climbing and other sports. What sets the Village Super League apart from other sports events are the vivid displays of ethnic cultures and traditions at the tournament. As players of both teams walk on the field for a game, they are accompanied by their cheering squads (啦啦队) dressed in traditional ethnic costumes and carrying local specialties. The halftime break features folk songs and dance performances, while ethnic costumes are also on display.

"hope that more and more tourists will come to Rongjiang to watch the matches, enjoy the folk customs and local cuisine, and have fun," said Xiong Zhuqing, a melon grower who is also a cheerleader. She says she has sold over 10,000 kilograms of watermelons since the start of the tournament. As of June 27, a total of 654 new businesses were established, including 91 in the catering sector, 188 in retail, and 195 in agriculture and food processing, the local government said.

I am often asked whether I feel at all sad when it's time to release the animals — to tell you the truth, I'm always pretty willing to let them go. All of my efforts have been toward allowing them to return to the wild, and the wild is where they belong, so there's no reason for reluctance on my part. But it is true that sometimes there is no way for an animal to go back to the wild, or to keep it from bonding with humans.

Last year, I rescued a light-vented bulbul (白头鹎). The bird, initially lacking feathers, recovered under our care. It was scheduled for release during its adolescent period, during which it's relatively easy to socialize. But an injury to its flight feathers delayed its return to the wild. The birdimprinted on humans during the following two months, which was a critical cognitive (认知的) development period, leading it to return to us after being released.

When we engage in wildlife rescue, we have to teach animals how to maintain a high degree of caution around humans. If they become too trusting of humans, it is very likely that way, our success depends not on the animals, or on our work here, but more so on the attitude humans would not be a bad thing, and our release attempt could then be successful.

This Portuguese ship sank off the coast of Oman in 1503. First discovered in 1998 and then extensively excavated (发掘) by a team led by David Mearns between 2013 and 2015, it is the oldest shipwreck (沉船) recovered from Europe's Age of Exploration.

Black Sea Shipwreck

Discovered in 2018 by a team from the Black Sea Maritime Archaeology Project, the ship sank more than 2,400 years ago. It is the oldest undamaged shipwreck ever found. "A ship in such good condition from the classical world, is something I would never have believed possible," said Professor Jon Adams, the principal investigator of the team that found the wreck.

Gribshunden

The flagship of John, King of Denmark, caught fire and sank in the Baltic Sea in 1495. There, it lay undiscovered until members of a local dive club came across it in the 1970s; unaware of its significance, they did not report it to archaeologists until 2000, and not until 2013 was the wreck's identity confirmed. Considered one of the best-preserved shipwrecks of the period, it has slowly been revealing its secrets.

Black Swan

In May 2007, a Florida-based company announced that, using underwater robots, it had discovered a shipwreck in the Atlantic, code-named (代号为) "Black Swan". However, the government of Spain claimed that the wreck was the Nuestra Senora de las Mercedes, a Spanish ship that sank off the coast of Portugal in 1804 following a battle with four British navy ships. After a long legal battle, the treasure was returned to Spain in 2012.

My Dad's Best Flower

I remember my first home was a small apartment on the second floor with a lovely and spacious balcony. When my mom was busy in the kitchen, she let me stay on the balcony watching the kids playing in the street. On that balcony I played sometimes with my elder sister, Maria. She was seven years old and when my mom was absent, she was like a mother to me. The balcony was a great hobby place for my father. After his work he used to grow carnations (康乃馨) in flower boxes. His carnations were red, pink and white, and everyone appreciated them for their beauty.

He took care of them with so much love and devotion. He dealt carefully with his flowers like a mother taking care of her baby. Many times I sat on the floor of the balcony for hours observing him and his lovely flowers with patience. He was always doing something on that balcony. He was watering them every day, cleaning the balcony floor, changing the potting soil and when the stems were thick, strong and high enough, he started his improvement operation attentively like a doctor.

My dad took a tiny knife and with his left hand he held the stem of the carnation and measured the height. Then he made a small mark on the stem with his finger. Afterwards he made a sharp cut with the knife, just enough to fit in again of barley (插穗的芽). Then he bandaged the stem with a small bandage. His job was then to water the plants and to take care of them. "No one should touch them," he said to Mom. Every day, when he came home from work he went straight to the balcony.

Mom used to tell us, "Do not touch Daddy's flowers." For us it was a fascinating experience to watch how the small stems were growing and making flowers. When the carnations had grown big enough, my dad enjoyed watching them every day. We the kids did too.

注意：

1. 续写词数应为150左右；

2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Paragraph 1：

One day, my elder sister, who loved Dad very much, had a great idea.

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Paragraph 2：

When my dad arrived, he went as usual, straight to the balcony and saw his flowers lying on the floor like dead animals.

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1.不要紧张；

2.建议；

3.加油鼓励。

注意：

1.写作词数应为80左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

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There were a great variety of lamps in ancient China. The Changxin Palace Lamp is invaluable treasure, which is considered as "the first lamp of China".

The gold-plated bronze lamp takes the shape of a maid on her knees (hold) a lamp. The lamp plate is on her left hand, while the right hand, covered by her sleeve, (carry) the lampshade. The brightness of the lamp and direction of the light can be adjusted with a handle which controls two movable shades.

(amaze), the lamp makes use of the siphon principle (虹吸原理), with the ash flowing through the maid's right arm into her body the water is stored. Such design can reduce dust and prevent the lamp from polluting the indoor air. Apart from that, the six-component lamp can all be taken apart, and is easy(clean).

The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Flame Lantern (inspire) by the Changxin Palace Lamp. It uses transparent double glass and a hidden channel to reduce carbon deposition (沉积物), which is a perfect (combine) of green initiative and the Olympic spirit.

The delicate Changxin Palace Lamp provided an insight China's glorious past, displaying the wisdom of ancient Chinese craftsmen, as well as China's (remark) achievements in science and technology 2, 000 years ago. The sculpture, vivid and elegant beauty work, still glitters now.

3 basic financial literacy (金融素养) meant many college students started off their adult lives with poor credit.4, they faced challenges later in life when they needed to borrow money but couldn't5 a low-interest loan.

Poor credit6 me past college and years into my teaching career. That has fueled my sense of7 to teach the next generation of students about personal finance. It's why I helped develop a personal finance course for teens and young adults.

To make the class as8 as possible, we asked the students what9 interested them. They were curious to know about buying homes and cars. Our course, intended for those aged between 14 and 21, has them10 questions: How much do I need to save to make these purchases? Which purchases do I prioritize?

We, educators, can help young people11 life after graduation, as there are many great12 and developing our course was13 than I had expected, which is why I hope more schools and youth organizations will offer financial education.

Financial literacy shouldn't be optional because it puts those without it at a significant14. And if my15 as a student and an educator have taught me anything, it's that no one should have to learn important financial lessons the hard way.

The problem is that while companies and data brokers are hovering up all the information they can, there are no laws governing what they can do with that information. Someone knowing that you ordered three extra-large pizzas for dinner last Friday night may seem harm-less enough, but there's a deeper principle at play. As cyber expert Bruce Schneier says, "Privacy is a basic human right, and a requirement for maintaining the human condition with dignity and respect."

We click "I Agree" without reading the user agreements. We say we will do one of those privacy checkups one day. but we never quite get around to it. And that means your personal information could be used against you in the future in ways you can't imagine today.

So what can you do to protect yourself? If you' re worried about your personal information getting lifted, don't hand over your name, address, or phone number easily. Besides, choose a paper receipt or no receipt rather than getting one via text or e-mail. To stop your phone acting as a tracker, also turn off Location Services for all apps except maps andothers that expressly need to know where you are. You can do this in settings, under Privacy and Location.

A. Don't be so sure.

B. Yet we do little to block the spies.

C. Care about who owns and controls the data.

D. We don't want to prevent all Internet spying.

E. Privacy is not just about freedom from embarrassment.

F. You can minimize some unwanted spying by taking these measures.

G. That includes things you thought were private, such as your health data, beliefs and daily habits.

Not all mosquitoes bite people. Male mosquitoes eat nectar from plants. But female mosquitoes need animal blood. When a female mosquito bites a person, it puts its saliva into the person's blood. This saliva might have a deadly disease in it. Sometimes the bite just makes you itch, but other times it can be very serious and even cause death.

Mosquitoes bite a lot of people in their lives. They can easily spread diseases from one person to another. Every year, over 700 million people get sick from these diseases, and at least 2 million people die from them.

Some people use mosquito nets over their beds to keep mosquitoes away. Mosquitoes also have natural enemies like bats, birds, dragonflies, and some fish. If we bring more of these animals to places where mosquitoes live, it might help reduce the number of mosquitoes. But this doesn't always work well. We can also use sprays or poisons to kill mosquitoes, but these can hurt other plants or animals too.

Even though mosquitoes don't look as scary as big animals, they're actually more dangerous to people. But things are changing. Scientists are working hard, and one day they might find a way to protect everyone from mosquitoes and the diseases they carry.

In a few studies, researchers found that young people are more motivated by scientists whose success comes from hard work than those who seem naturally brilliant, even if that scientist is Albert Einstein.

Danfei Hu, a student at Pennsylvania State University, and Janet N. Ann, a professor at William Paterson University, said their findings could help explain what it takes to succeed in science. Their research was recently published in a science journal.

Many students want to study science in school, but some give up on science careers after college. To help with this problem, Hu and Ann looked at role models, who can show students what goals to aim for and how to achieve them.

The researchers did two studies, one with 176 people and the other with 162 people. In the first study, everyone read the same story about a scientist's struggles. Half were told it was about Einstein, and the other half were told it was about Thomas Edison. Even though the stories were the same, people thought Einstein's success was because he was a genius. But those who thought the story was about Edison were more motivated to solve math problems.

Hu said, "People usually see Einstein as a genius, and they think his success is because he was super talented." But Edison is known for trying over 1,000 times to make the light bulb, and his success is linked to hard work. Hu added, "If students know that hard work can lead to great things, they'll be more confident in pursuing science careers."

Even with such a powerful imagination, Liu, who is 55 years old, probably didn't expect that he would become the first Asian to win the Hugo Award in 2015. That's the top prize in science fiction. He might also have never imagined that former US President Barack Obama would read his book The Three-Body Problem, or that he would win the 2018 Arthur C. Clarke Award for Imagination in Service to Society on November 9 in Washington DC. This was the first time a Chinese writer had ever won this award.

In his speech when he accepted the award, Liu said that his imagination came from Arthur C. Clarke, a famous UK sci-fi writer. He said that reading Clarke's book 2001: A Space Odyssey in the early 1980s changed his life.

"My mind opened up in a way it never had before. I felt like a small river finally seeing the ocean," Liu said. "That night, the night sky looked completely different to me. For the first time, I was amazed by how mysterious the universe is."

But even though Liu's imagination takes him to faraway places, his books always make sense. In The Three-Body Problem, for example, he tells a story about aliens coming to Earth. But instead of just focusing on the aliens, he talks about how different civilizations interact, the rules of survival, and what life means. In another book, The Wandering Earth, he thinks about what will happen when our solar system ends and humans need to find a new home. But all his ideas are based on real science. Liu's books aren't just dreams — they're grounded in facts.

History

Madrid has more than 3 million people. It has a really big palace, the biggest in Western Europe. Many people think it's the most beautiful building in Madrid. The palace has 2,800 rooms, and they're all fancy with nice furniture and art. Tourists can visit 50 of these big, pretty rooms.

Shopping

Madrid has some of the best shopping malls in Europe. People like to look for good deals in the stores. There's also a huge outdoor flea market called the Rastro. It's been around for 500 years. You can find all kinds of things there, like old stuff and CDs.

Entertainment

When you go to Madrid, you should see a flamenco show. Flamenco is a famous Spanish art. Performers sing, dance, and play guitars in small cafes and big theaters every day.

Food

Madrid has lots of different restaurants, but Spanish people usually eat dinner late, around 9 or 10 p.m.. So, it's hard to find good dinner food earlier. If you get hungry before that, you can go to a tapas bar. They serve small snacks. Make sure you try jamon, which is a special kind of ham. Spain is famous for it.

参考词汇：普通话mandarin

注意：写作词数应为80左右，所给出的标题不算入总词数内。

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Huishan clay figurines (泥人) are produced in the western suburb of Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, and are one of China's most famous folk arts, having a history(stretch) back over a thousand years.

The craft originated in the Southern Dynasties and reached(it) peak in the Qing Dynasty. During the Qing, an artist made five clay figurines for Emperor Qianlong(1711~1799) and(reward) with high praise from the royal family.

Huishan figurines differ from those of other localities in that they are always small and always feature a big head. They divide into two types - mold-pressed and hand-crafted. The(cheap), molded figures often serve as children's toys while the hand-crafted pieces are more refined and original.

The characters depicted (描绘) come(large) from legends and Chinese opera plots. Da A Fu, a plump(微胖的) boy holding a fish, is the most popular figure in Huishan clay art. The legend(go) that long, long ago, a god, disguised as a boy, beat a fierce lion saved the children in Huishan.

(express) appreciation, local people started to make clay figures of their boy savior Da A Fu. One-third of the overall figure is taken up by Da A Fu's large head, a face round as a full moon and big ears reaching down to his shoulders. It is image implying happiness and good fortune.

"Poetry is a great tool for questioning the world," says Sam Illingworth, a poet and a geoscientist who works at the University of Western Australia. Through workshops and a new science-poetry journal, called Consilience, Illingworth is helping scientists to translate their latest results into poems that can attract appreciation from those outside of their immediate scientific field.

Stephany Mazon, a scientist from the University of Helsinki in Finland, joined one of Illingworth's workshops. In the workshop, she was grouped with other scientists and tasked with writing a haiku, a 17-syllable-long poem, which spotlighted water, a fluid that featured in all of the group members' research projects. "It was a lot of fun, and surprisingly easy to write the poem," Mazon says. She plans to continue writing. "We do a disservice (伤害) to ourselves to think that scientists can't be artistic and that art can't be used to communicate scientific ideas," Mazon says.

That viewpoint is echoed by Illingworth, who thinks science communication initiatives are too often dominated by public lectures with their hands-off PowerPoint slides. "Actually, when science communication involves writing and sharing poems, it invites a two-way dialogue between experts and nonexperts," he says. Scientist-poet Manjula Silva, an educator at Imperial College London, agrees. Poetry provides a way to translate complex scientific concepts into a language that everyone can understand, Silva says.

Scientists and poets are both trying to understand the world and communicate that understanding with others. The distinction between scientists and poets is less than people might think. We're all just people with hopefully really interesting things to say and to share.

In the study, the pigeons were presented with various visual images, including lines of different widths and angles, and different types of rings. The pigeons had to peck (啄) a button on the right or left to indicate the category to which the image belonged. If they got it correct, they received food; if they were wrong, they received nothing. Results showed that, through trial and error, the pigeons improved their accuracy in categorization tasks, increasing their correct choices from about 55% to 95%.

Researchers believed pigeons used associative learning, which is linking two phenomena with each other. For example, it is easy to understand the link between "water" and "wet". "Associative learning is frequently assumed to be far too primitive to explain complex visual categorization like what we saw the pigeons do," Turner said. But that's exactly what the researchers found.

The researchers' AI model tackled the same tasks using just the two simple mechanisms that pigeons were assumed to use: associative learning and error correction. And, like the pigeons, the AI model learned to make the right predictions to significantly increase the number of correct answers. For humans, the challenge when given tasks like those given to pigeons is that they would try to come up with rules that could make the task easier. But in this case, there were no rules, which upsets humans.

What's interesting, though, is that pigeons use this method of learning that is very similar to AI designed by humans, Turner said. "We celebrate how smart we are that we designed artificial intelligence: at the same time, we regard pigeons as not clever animals," he said.

There was a great oak tree near his home. It had stood out to his young self as a "fantastical giant — a treasure home to birds, insects and animals. There was a cave inside. We used to squeeze in through this hole." He decided to lock himself away for two months to draw it in all its glorious detail.

"While I was drawing," he said, "there came moments when it was as though the tree was drawing itself. I had spent so much time playing in it. I could feel it. It was deep inside me." His finished oak held "a real power", he said. "As you walk towards it, it just grows," Brown became a tree portraitist.

Over the next few years, he travelled across Britain and spent days with the trees selected with the help of the Ancient Tree Forum, the Tree Council and the Woodland Trust. Brown has started work on a 20-drawing series of Britain's most important ash trees. "These beautiful old ash trees are going to be lost to us," he says. "They are 350 years old and they are dying because of a disease that we've spread."

Drawing is not only an act of care and a demand for preservation, but it "gives me that interface between my passion for the natural world and my creativity," Brown says. It has also given him a different perspective on the passage of time. "I'm an old man yet I'm only 71, and some of the trees I've drawn are 1,000 years old. When I'm with them and when I draw them, I think about the end of my life and the brief nature of human life that passes momentarily beneath them."

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Q: Should I target my Application to a specific Job Opening （JO）?

A: Yes. Naturally, a customized cover note will also help you focus on the key aspects of your Application that relate to the JO, but it is also in your interest to target the Application according to the responsibilities and competencies of the position.

Q: What's the difference between duties and achievements?

A: Duties describe the specific responsibilities of your job. They accurately reflect what you are doing or have done in each of your previous jobs. In other words, it is the "what you do" of your job. Achievements describe in specific terms "how well" you did in your job.

Q: Many of my achievements are team-based, how do I draft them in my Application?

A: You should-include your team-based achievements in your Application. Indicate that you were part of a team and describe your specific role in reaching the goal.

FAQs on general Application guidelines

Q: Can I save my Application?

A: Yes. You should save your Application when you make changes and/ or update it. It is recommended that you save different versions of your Application in Word format and then edit the Application online according to the post for which you are applying.

Q: Can I update my Application to apply for a new JO?

A: Yes. Each time you apply for a new JO, we recommend that you review your Application and update it, if appropriate, or target it to better reflect your suitability for the new JO. Your updates will not affect the content of Applications previously submitted against other JOs.

Q: Must I use up all the available characters in each section of my Application?

A: No. In fact, doing so may result in an unnecessary lengthy Application. Unless you have an enormous range of experiences, there is no reason to use up all the space given. Applicants are encouraged to list their duties and achievements in a clear and brief manner.

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