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Teenagers whose non-cognitive skills are poorly developed are more likely to suffer from health problems later in life, according to a new research by a group of experts from the University of Manchester.

Rose Atkins of that university, along with her colleagues set out to investigate non-cognitive skills as they are one of the least explored determining factors of health and well-being, despite the fact that evidence surrounding their importance is growing quickly.

These skills are conscientiousness (尽责性), which tells how hardworking, careful and stubborn an adolescent is, and neuroticism (神经质), which shows how worried, unhappy and fearful an adolescent is.

The researchers used data on a group of individuals who were followed throughout their life and carried out statistical analysis to study the relationship between adolescent non-cognitive skills and later-life health. The non-cognitive skills were reported by teachers, based on the behavior of students at age 16.

The study found that individuals whose adolescent conscientiousness is higher deal with stress in adulthood better, and are at a lower risk of some diseases. And individuals whose adolescent neuroticism is higher have a poorer, health related quality of life in adulthood and are at a greater risk of some diseases.

The researchers conclude that policies to improve adolescent conscientiousness and reduce adolescent neuroticism would offer the most long-term health benefits to those with the poo-rest health, "There is a growing body of evidence that suggests school-based interventions to improve non-cognitive skills can have lasting positive effects on important life outcomes," said Rose. "Extra-curricular activities and work experience have also been shown to improve these skills. Having a greater focus on the improvement of non-cognitive skills at both primary and secondary school levels would be a positive policy decision, However, these skills are also determined by factors like family income, parental education, and parental investment. There-tore, more complex public policy is needed to reduce social inequality."

The invasive species, also called introduced species or foreign species, is any nonnative species that significantly changes or damages the ecosystem it invades. Such species may arrive in new areas through natural migration, but they are often introduced by the activities of other species. Human activities, such as those involved in global commerce and the pet trade, are considered to be the most common ways in which invasive plants, animals, microbes, and other organisms are transported to new habitats.

Most introduced species do not survive extended periods in new habitats, because they do not possess the necessary adaptations to adjust to the challenges posed by their new surroundings. Some introduced species may become invasive when they possess a built-in competitive advantage over native species in invaded areas. They change native food chains and in some cases even get to the top of the food chains, which means the ecosystem lacks natural enemy capable of keeping them in check. Under these circumstances, new arrivals can get the chance to reproduce in large numbers.

The ecological damage that tends to follow such invasions often reduces the ecosystem's biodiversity and causes economic harm to people who depend on the ecosystem's biological resources. Invasive species may be so good at catching preys that victim populations decline over time, and many victim species die out in the affected ecosystem. Other invasive species, in contrast, may prevent native species from obtaining food, living space, or other resources. Over time, invasive species can effectively replace native ones, often forcing the localized extinction of many native species. Invasive plants and animals may also serve as disease carriers that spread parasites (寄生虫) and viruses that may further do harm to the invaded area.

Linda Brown is a softly-spoken realtor (房地产经纪人) with a passion for helping the homeless. She's moving mountains by combining her understanding of real estate with her kindness-fueled determination to create beautiful permanent homes for disabled homeless people in her community.

In 2020, Mrs. Brown was awarded the Good Neighbor Award. This honor is initiated by The National Association of Realtors in the US. As its website details, working alongside her husband, Dr. David Brown, she has been transforming abandoned mobile homes into villages of tiny homes that offer permanent housing for homeless people who're disabled.

The wish to help homeless people, and restore their dignity and self-worth, as Mrs. Brown explains, had been a joint mission for some years. As local blogger Aaron Nichols shares, the couple ran a local evening drop-in center for local homeless people called Gardening Tree, for almost a decade. This functioned as a shelter where people experiencing homelessness could grab a bite, shower, do laundry and relax. 

But they wanted to do more than that. With local individual organizations' help, the couple succeeded in raising almost $5 million, which enabled them to transform unused mobile homes and a deserted trailer park into a small village of tiny homes that opened in 2018. They named the shelter "Eden Village".

As Mrs. Brown revealed in her award acceptance speech about her journey to creating Eden Village, helping homeless people is something personal, "I watched as my homeless friends walked off into the darkness to a hidden, wet and cold camp while we went home to a warm bed. I had to do something."

Today, Eden Village includes a 4,000-square-foot community center offering cooking and laundry facilities, as well as a medical center and community gardens. Additionally, more sites are being developed thanks to the land donated to the nonprofit founded by the Browns. Eden Village 2 and 3 are at the planning stage. In the next six years, Mrs. Brown hopes to create five similar villages housing up to 200 people experiencing homelessness.

Architecture in Rotterdam

Rotterdam, the second largest city in the Netherlands, offers anything from unique food to wonderful landscapes. However, it's incredible architecture that makes the city stand out.

Markthal

The building, the scale of which is impressive, is home to almost 100 fresh food stalls (摊位), shop units, restaurants and over 200 apartments. Opened in 2014, it was built near where Rotterdam was first founded in 1270. Besides delicious food, you shouldn't miss its large walls and ceiling covered with images of flying fruits, flowers and insects. This artwork, titled Horn of Plenty and created by the artists Arno Coenen and Iris Roskam, is one of the biggest in the world and covers an area of about 11,000 square meters.

Erasmus Bridge

The bridge stretches over the river Maas, connecting the city center with the neighborhood of Kop van Zuid. Named after the city's famous scholar Desiderius Erasmus, the bridge is 808 meters long and weighs as much as 1,700 adult elephants. The bridge has a nickname—de zwaan (the swan). It does require a bit of imagination to see how this giant piece of steel resembles an actual swan, but if you look at it from above, it becomes a bit clearer.

Museum Boijmans van Beuningen Depot

It was born out of a desire to share artworks with as many people as possible and has gained over 150,000 pieces. Open since the summer of 2021, it has given visitors a unique behind-the-scenes look into the world of art conservation, art restoration and museum management. Most importantly, visitors have free access to the rooftop garden, which offers panoramic (全景的) views of the city. 

De Rotterdam

De Rotterdam is a building complex of three interconnected towers. Located on the south side of the city, it has 45 floors. It houses commercial office spaces, residential apartments, cafés, restaurants and luxurious hotels. With a total floor space of about 160,000 square meters, it's well-known as the largest group of buildings in the Netherlands.

Dave had loved basketball for as long as he could remember and he had never had a day without playing it. At primary school and junior high school he joined basketball clubs, attended training programs and watched basketball games, from which he learned the moves of the star players, wishing to play in a professional team like them and shine on the court. 

Now as a senior high school student, however, his dream of becoming a professional player was dimming （变暗） because he was only of average height. He had to give up the hope of joining the school team. The guys on the school team were all tall boys who played matches and won honors for the school. They were like heroes. Dave watched them play and cheered them but he knew he would never be one of them. 

Dave felt it a pity not to be tall enough, but this didn't stop him from pouring his passion into basketball. He just played for the love of the sport. He played in the school gym with other boys or by himself every day, even during holidays and weekends, when it was open for two hours in the morning. He enjoyed every minute on the court making every effort to play better. 

It was one Saturday morning. Dave was playing in the gym by himself, as all the other boys were busy with other weekend affairs. Then he noticed a tall boy approaching. It was Lankas. Everybody knows him as captain of the school basketball team. "Hi, Lankas," Dave greeted him. " My name is Dave. " "Hi, Dave," Lankas replied as he got closer. " Nice to see you here. Do you need an opponent to play against?" Dave was shocked, frozen right there, unable to believe his ears but somehow, he answered, "Why not?"

注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

So, a game of two players began 

……

The next Saturday, when Dave was playing in the gym, Lankas appeared shouting, "Dave, I have good news for you. 

注意：1. 词数100左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）：2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯

Dear Mike,

How is it going?

……

Best wishes!

Yours

Li Hun

Everywhere I look outside my home I see people busy on their high-tech devices, while driving, walking. shopping, even sitting in toilets. When connected( electronic ), they are away from physical reality. 

Up to now, people(influence)to become technology addicted. One survey reported that "addicted" was the word most commonly used by people(describe)their relationship to iPad and similar devices

One study found that people had a harder timeresist)the temptation of social media than they did for sleep, cigarettes and alcohol. 

The main goal of technology companies is to get people to spend more money and time on their products, not o actually improve our quality of life. They have successfully created a cultural disease, I see people(trap)in a pathological （病态的） relationship with time-consuming technology,they serve technology more than technology serves them. I call this technology servitude （奴役）， I am referring to a loss of personal freedom and independence with(control) consumption of many kinds of devises that eat our time and money. 

What is a healthy use of technology devices? That is the vital question. Who is really in charge of my life? That is what we need to askif we are to have any chance of breaking up false beliefs about the use of technology. When we can live happily without using so much technology for a day or a week, then we can regain control and personal freedom, become the master of technology and discover what there is to enjoy in life free of technology, Mas West is famous for the wisdom that "too much of a good thing is wonderful. "is time to discover today's overused technology. 

Richard Femandez, an executive coach at Google acknowledged that "we can be swept away by our technologies," To break the grand digital connection, people must consider how life long ago could be fantastictoday's overused technology. 

I'd planned to spend my weekend in the sun. enjoying flowers outdoors. But that was1 the pair of disgusting crows（乌鸦）arrived. Out of nowhere, they had set un their base 2 in our backyard. 

We first3 our feathered enemies on Friday morning. It was early. and the sound the birds made 4 through our neighborhood. I figured they'd 5 soon, But. no. They were getting louder and probably 6 my neighbors nearly as much as us with the noise. I admit I got a little7 . 

Then, on Sunday afternoon. I saw our dog Quatchi staring at something on the ground. I went to8 and found a small coal-black bird in the grass. Its eyes were milky, and it stayed perfectly9 as my do walked towards it. Only when Quatchi 10 his nose to its head did it walk away. I 11 the dog inside and came back with my camera

It never occurred to me that the young would be hanging out on the ground, growing and gaining12 as its parents guarded it from above. The second I saw this little creature I13 the crows. 

To be honest, I've never been much of a bird person. And I wish they'd chosen another backyard.  But I'm also14 that I got to see this little bit of nature unfold up close. It's pretty amazing. 

The experience has also 15 my desire to create a beautiful backyard garden that attracts lots of bees, butterflies, and yes, birds. They are welcome here. 

Self-esteem is the ruling view you have of yourself. This includes your beliefs about your inner qualities and how you think others see you. Someone can develop low self-esteem even when they are highly functional and greatly skilled.  Understanding this mysterious emotional currency might be the key to unlocking your own self-worth. 

People with healthy self-esteem don't need to boast about themselves to others. People with low self-esteem may tell you how much everyone loves them, what a great job they do at work, and how amazing they are at pretty everything under the sun even though they really wonder if it's true. People may see them as obnoxious or "full of themselves，They are not shy about sharing ideas. including constructive criticisms of others. Thes also take care of themselves without second-guessing or apologizing. They are the people who we say seem "sure of themselves". 

If you're starting to think you may have low self-esteem, you can work on the way you talk to yourself. When you turn off negative self-talk, you can open the floor to positive reinforcements and access the courage to show different sides of yourself. It isnt going to feel good at first, though. Keep going until it becomes less and less and maybe even a few awkward laughs in the mirror may help. 

However, in serious cases of low or even non-existent self-esteem, you may want to call in a professional or a specialist. Good mental health is important, and professionals doing psychotherapy do not pass judgement or give corrections. It is the best way to get at the roots of your real self-esteem problems. 

It will take some work but your entire life — from your relationships to your body image to your work habits — will be touched with the kind of power that only comes from someone believing in themselves. This is the hardest part, and the greatest leap. With some changes and support, you can improve your self-esteem and see how everything else changes as a result. 

A. Self-esteem is not always rooted in reality, though. 

B. You have the power to shape a new self-perception. 

C. This encourages you to speak openly without wormy. 

D. The real test of character is whether they can learn from their mistakes. 

E. Self-esteem refers to a person's overall sense of his or her value or worth. 

F. People with a healthy level of self-esteem present themselves with a casual confidence. 

G. With some practice and persistence, you will win this intimal struggle to see your self-worth. 

In the late 1970s, archaeologists（考古学家）uncovered the remains of a woman and a young dog, her hand resting on the puppy's chest in a 12,000-year-old village。

The find is some of the earliest evidence of the bond between humans and dogs. But even after years of study researchers are divided on how this bond began. Did it arise over thousands of years, as early dogs became tamer （驯服的） and more accustomed to human behaviors? Or was this fire already burning in the ancestors of dogs: the gray wolf?

Christina Hansen Wheat, a behavioral ecologist at Stockholm University, and workmates hand-raised 10 gray wolves from the time they were 10 days old. When the animals were 23 weeks old, a caregiver led them one at time into a mostly empty room. Over the course of several minutes, the caregiver exited and entered the room sometimes leaving the wolf alone, sometimes leaving it with a complete stranger. The team repeated the experiment with 1223-week-old Alaskan huskies（哈士奇）， which they'd raised similarly since puppyhood. 

For the most part, the scientists saw few differences between the wolves and the dogs. When their caregiver entered the room, both species scored 4. 6 on a five-point scale of "greeting behavior"—a desire to be around the human. When the stranger entered, dog greeting behavior dropped to 4. 2 and wolf to 3.5, on average, suggesting both animals made a distinction between the person they knew and the one they didn't. It's this distinction that the team counts as a sign of attachment. 

In addition, dogs barely paced—a sign of stress—during the test, while wolves paced at least part of the time However, the wolves stopped pacing almost entirely when a stranger left the room and their caretaker retuned. Hansen Wheat says that's never been seen before in wolves. It could be a sign, she says, that the animals view the humans who raised them as a "social buffer"

For her, that's the most interesting part of the study. " If this is true, this sort of attachment is not what separates dogs from wolves," she says. In other words, it didn't have to be bred into them by humans, but could have been the seed we selected for, and then strengthened over thousands of years.