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Born in Potsdam (in the Kingdom of Prussia) in 1821, Helmholtz was one of the 19th century's most knowledgeable scientists, whose name turns up in the histories of multiple scientific fields and specialties. As a youngster, he had an interest in physics, but that seemed a financially unwise career choice. He went to medical school and studied physiology (生理学) instead, because he was drawn to others who promoted the point that physiology should be based on the principles of chemistry and physics, not the "vital forces" that had been popularly emphasized previously.

After earning his medical degree, Helmholtz served as an army surgeon before becoming professor of physiology at the University of Königsberg. During that time, he composed a groundbreaking paper on the conservation of energy, which made him a good reputation (名声) in science community. His main argument is that all science can be reduced to mechanics. It is emphasized that Newtonian mechanics and Lagrangian mechanics are mathematically equivalent (相等的), so a force can be measured by the Laplace method in terms of the energy transferred by the force or the work done by the force. All of this energy is conserved. While at Königsberg, he studied the nervous system, optics (光学) and acoustics (声学), especially with regard to the physiology of the senses. Then he moved on to the University of Bonn as professor of anatomy (解剖学) and physiology.

After some time at the University of Heidelberg, where he became interested in philosophy, in 1871 he was awarded the physics chair at the University of Berlin. At last he could focus on physics, emphasizing the importance of the principle of least action for explaining physical phenomena. He also explored the branches of Maxwell's new theory. By this time, he was recognized as one of Germany's premier scientists, until his death in 1894.

A Reminder Bracelet (手链)

Description

The "Within Good" product line was created as a way to encourage positive thoughts and good deeds.

In one simple design concept, it is a wearable reminder to people of all backgrounds that "Within Good, There Is God"—a pure message that no matter what you are going through, you can always do good, and the spirit of love, known as God, is always within us and in the world.

Within Good is not intended to be a religious bracelet. In fact, one of the reasons why the "God" reference appears on the inside of the bracelet is because it is personal to the wearer. The company co-founders say their concept was to go back to the basics of doing good for yourself and others: "At the end of the day, God symbolizes peace, love, connectedness, purpose, and any other word that makes you feel GOOD."

Over many months, the logo (标识) turned into a symbol represented by the double "o" in Good and interlocking with the G and D. "Within Good" is printed on the top of the bracelet and on the back is printed, "There Is God". The rope symbolizes strength, and a strong connection between Good and God (always inside us).

Why This Is a Good Gift:

Looks Great: Casual yet classy styling, in a unisex (中性化的) design.

Gift Packaging: Each bracelet arrives inside its own little drawstring bag, ready to give away without wrapping (包装).

Discount: $29.99  $26

Click here to buy the amazing bracelet, and get 10% off Now.

注意：词数100左右。

Dear Jack,

Yours,

Li Hua

Reading with Rover is a reading program where children read to dogs. In addition to Reading with Rover, which is based on Washington state, there are many such reading programs around the country. The goal of all these programs is to improve the reading skills of children with reading problems by having children read to dogs.

When reading aloud in the classroom, many children with reading problems and poor reading skills feel frightened. They have little confidence in themselves and are afraid of being laughed at. They may also feel that reading is difficult, boring and stressful(有压力的). However, when children read to dogs, reading becomes a fun and non-stressful experience for both the children and the dogs. Dogs don't criticize(批评)，judge or laugh at the children's reading ability.

Reading with Rover and other programs like it have been a huge success, resulting in improved reading skills for a number of participating children with reading problems. In addition to making learning enjoyable, when children read to dogs, it increases their sense of self-confidence.

A recent research study was conducted by the University of California, which concluded that when children read to dogs, it can increase their reading skills by thirty percent. Children who took part in this study remarked, "I feel relaxed when I'm reading to a dog because I am having fun." "The dogs don't care if you read really badly so you just keep going."

One of the most important things in the world is friendship. In order to have friends, you have to be a friend. But how can you be a good friend at school?

Listen — Listen when they are talking. Don't say anything unless they ask you a question. Sometimes it's not necessary for you to have anything to say; they just need someone to talk to about their feelings.

Help them — If your friend is ever in need of something, be there to help them. You should try to put them first, but make sure you don't do everything they want you to do. Try to take an extra pencil or pen with you to classes in case (以防) they forget one. Have a little extra money in your pocket in case they forget something they need.

Be there for them — Try to make something for your friend to help make them feel better in hard times. Making cards and encouraging them are among the nicest things you can do for a friend. Marilyn Monroe, a famous U.S. actor, once said, "I often make mistakes. Sometimes I am out of control. But if you can't stay with me at my worst, you are sure not to deserve (值得) to be with me at my best." Always remember this! If you don't want to stay with your friends when they're in hard times, then you don't deserve to be with them when they're having a good time!

— Try to make plans with your friends. Go shopping, go for ice cream, have a party, go to a movie and so on. Take time to know each other even better by doing something you both enjoy. By planning things together, you both can have a good time. And you'll remember these things when you're all old!

As I walked into the primary school, I looked down at my new black shoes. I stood at Mrs Blackstone's door. Before I tried the great escape, the door opened. "We've been waiting for you!" Mrs Blackstone, my new fifth grade teacher, said loudly. With a smile my mom walked away and I was left taking center stage in front of a group of students.

Over the next few days, Mrs Blackstone made it her job to find me a new best friend. During history lessons, when I didn't want to speak in front of the class, she'd not only call on me but have me stand up to address my classmates.

One spring afternoon, Mrs Blackstone asked me to stay after class. "I'd like to speak with you, Amanda." My mind raced. Had I got a bad grade? Had I hurt anyone's feelings? "Are you enjoying your new school?" She sat comfortably behind her desk. "I want to tell you something, between you and me, not to be shared with anyone else." She continued, "I see something special in you. The way you communicate with others, and the kindness you show — I think you have great potential (潜力) to be something important." I listened carefully to every word. "I have been a teacher for over twentyfive years; I can see it. But you must believe in yourself. That's very important. Remember that and you'll go far," she said.

Her voice was music to my ears that day. I walked out of her office, not staring at my shoes, but looking straight ahead with my head high. My teacher saw something special in me! Years later, her words still remain inside of me.

Are you scared about moving up to senior high school? It can be a new experience, but you shouldn't worry. We've put together a guide on how to survive the first week.

You're not alone

Remember everybody else in your year is in the same boat. They may not realize it, but they're just as nervous as you are. Moving to senior high is an opportunity, not a problem. Things are different and all you need to do is be polite and learn the new rules.

Teachers are ready to help

If you're unsure what to do or are worried about anything, then you had better ask for help. Teachers are probably the best people to turn to as they're experienced in helping new students. Some senior high schools also have a "friends system". If your school has this, then you will be paired with an older student. They will look out for you and help you if you have any problems or questions.

All change

There are lots of differences between junior high school and senior high school. You'll have a homework diary or a student planner. You will have your lessons with different teachers in different rooms. You will have homework for different subjects on different days, so make sure you get organized. Make sure you have a copy of your school timetable written down so you know which rooms your classes are in and on which days you will have your different subjects.

Other points

If you've got an older brother or sister at the school, then ask them for advice.

Be yourself! It sounds simple, but people will know you much better if you just act naturally. Having early nights makes a difference and you'll find it easier to get up in the morning!

It was 1980, and I was in third grade. In the classroom the teacher, Ms Brown was 1  aloud to us from Island of the Blue Dolphins. And we had just come to a part of the book where the main 2  was training a wild dog. I was listening, caught up in the wonder of all.

Not far away from me, there seated a boy who always frightened or 3  others, so I was 4  of this boy. While Ms Brown was reading, I looked over at him, for he was someone I was in the 5  of keeping an eye on. I 6  that he was listening too, that he was attracted by the 7 , that he was leaning forward in his seat and listening with all his heart. I 8  at him, open-mouthed. I was struck with a sudden knowledge that this boy was in fact just 9  me. He was a kid who liked a story. The boy must 10  my eyes on him, because he turned. Then something amazing happened. He smiled at me. 11 , I smiled back, unafraid. We were two 12  smiling at each other.

Why have I never forgotten this small moment? Why do I still 13 every detail(细节) of it? I think it's because that moment shows so beautifully the 14 of reading out loud.

It shows us into a safe room, where everyone involved, the reader and the listener, can have that chance to 15  each other. We humans long not just for the story, not just for the flow of language, but for the connection that comes when words are read aloud.

—Nothing much.

—I ____ as a volunteer in the coming winter Olympic games..

—Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine ____.

Eric threw himself on the sofa, sighing. Mother's Day was approaching, but he didn't have a present. "How can I buy a present without any money?" he thought.

Eric picked up the newspaper that was lying on the couch. He noticed a large advertisement on the front page. The local department store was sponsoring （赞助） a contest. "Tell us why your mom is special and win a shopping spree （疯狂购物）for her," said the advertisement.

"This is perfect!" thought Eric. He ran to his room with the newspaper. Taking a pencil and a blank piece of paper from his desk, he started to write.

"My mom is the best mother in the world. She always makes lunch for me to take to school, and she never forgets my dessert. She reads as many books to me before bed as I want. She always remembers to check under the bed for monsters. And she gives me the best hug, but never in front of my friends, who would laugh at me for hugging my mom."

Eric liked what he had written. He copied it neatly and got an envelope and a stamp from his bed. He ran to the mailbox with his entry. "Mom will love having a shopping spree," he thought.

Eric checked the mailbox every day for his prize. Days went by, and then weeks. Soon it was the day before Mother's Day. Eric still hadn't heard anything about the contest.

"What am I going to do now?" he wondered. He didn't have a present, and he didn't have a shopping spree. And he still didn't have money. He had to think of something. Eric closed his eyes and curled his toes and thought hard.

注意：1.续写词数应为150 左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Suddenly he had an idea. 

The next morning Eric handed his letter to his mom. 

注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。