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Have you ever caught a smell of something and been strongly reminded of a person or place? There seems to be a deep psychological link between smells and our memory. Some research even suggests that smells can influence our cognition(感知). 

 Roja Dove, a perfumer, informed the BBC that when we are born, the olfactory bulb(嗅球), which is the area in our brain that processes smell, is empty, without pre-existing information or association.  When we smell an odour again, the original and unique memory comes flooding back because of the association acquired in our previous experience. 

Our awareness of smells is primarily unconscious.  But, low-level smells are still picked up because the scent receptors(感受器) in our brain are so powerful that we unconsciously register them. In fact, various studies have found the olfactory bulb sends more neurons(神经元) to more areas of our brain than our hearing or vision. 

Research suggests that the power of smell can also affect how the brain performs. Mark Moss at Northumbria University's Psychology Department discovered that certain essential oils, such as peppermint, positively impact cognition, and rosemary s scent can enhance memory. He also studied lavender, which he says "tends to impair memory and slow reaction time". But research by others has shown it to be useful in reducing pre treatment anxiety in dental and medical situations.

 The next time a familiar smell brings back a special memory, just remember that your nose is working wonders. 

A. Why do smells take us back?

B. So, don't take your nose for granted.

C. How is the sense of smell connected to your brain?

D. Scents can revive memories that have been long forgotten. 

E. We are not actively aware of them unless they are extremely strong. 

F. This is especially true when it comes to the fragrance of essential oils. 

G. Therefore, our responses to smells are learnt and highly individualized. 

A new study has found that smiling at London bus drivers increases happiness. However, on the Number 24 bus to Hampstead Heath, Londoners are sceptical(怀疑的). "Bus drivers", says Liz Hands, a passenger, "are generally annoying. "

It might seem improbable that a report on London's buses could change behaviour. But it has happened before. London's buses have an underappreciated role in the history of medical science. In the 1940s, a single study of London's transport workers transformed epidemiology(流行病学), medicine and the way we live now. Every time you go on a run, check your step-count, or take the stairs instead of the lift, you are following a path pioneered by the feet of the workers on London's buses.

In the late 1940s, doctors were worried. Britain, like many rich countries, was suffering from an "epidemic" of heart disease and no one knew why. Various hypotheses(假说), such as stress, were suggested; but one thing that was not exercising researchers was exercise. The idea that health and exercise were linked "wasn't the accepted fact that we know today", says Nick Wareham, a professor of epidemiology at Cambridge University. Some even felt that "too much physical activity was a bad thing for your health". Miners and farmers who did physical exercise also suffered from various diseases and died young.

At this time a young doctor called Jerry Morris started to suspect that the increasing deaths from heart disease might be linked to occupation. He began studying the medical records of 31, 000 London transport workers. His findings were breathtaking: conductors, who spent their time running up and down stairs, had an approximately 30% lower possibility of disease than drivers, who sat down all day. Exercise was keeping people alive. Morris's research was eventually published in 1953, just three years after a study by Richard Doll proving the link between smoking and lung cancer. Morris's work had consequences both big and small. Morris now also took up exercise, handing his jacket to his daughter and just running. "People thought I was bananas. " Slowly, the rest of the world took off its jacket and followed.

Young soldiers, far away from home and missing their families, discover a bear cub. That's how the story of Wojtek begins, back in

1942. He was alone in the mountains of Iran; nobody knows how he got there. 

When the exhausted Polish soldiers came upon Wojtek, they were immediately struck with emotions. They had been away from their loved ones for a long time. They needed something to pick their spirits up. So, they nursed the baby bear with milk from a bottle and named him Wojtek, which means: a warrior to whom fighting brings joy. 

Wojtek was officially adopted into the army. He traveled with the army to the Middle East, providing comradery and entertainment. He would wrestle with the men, chase after oranges they cast for him and follow them about like a puppy. He became their connection to humanity in a time when the light of peace seemed so far away. And, like a child, he was also playful. In the desert heat, he learned how to break into the showers and turn on the water. He could also be seen pulling trunks of empty gun shells with the men or standing at attention in formation. Wojtek was also the chief frightener of new members: He would literally bear hug them and hold them upside down for a good laugh. 

Getting through the hardship of war takes something extraordinary, something unexpectedly dangerous to preserve your mental state. That's what Wojtek did for the men who had been so long in the fog and uncertainty of World War II. A playful bear became the symbol of strength and adaptability. Thankfully, wars ended but Wojtek was not forgotten. He was shipped with a group of men to a farm in Scotland, which was a fitting place to retire for a bear with so much military experience. Wojtek was a local celebrity. Stories of him kicking a soccer ball, attending local dances and parties, and enjoying jam and honey are still told today. And to everyone who knew him, Wojtek was the one that made a difficult time a little more bearable.

Forest Park Easy Hike in Queens

EVENT DESCRIPTION: 

Walk out into the great outdoors, just outside Manhattan! Forest Park is filled with natural treasures and is a perfect getaway for locals and visitors alike. Can you believe this park has been around for over a century? Take the chance to bring family and four-legged friends, and expect to see a friendly doggie here and there. During the hike, you will explore different trails(all well-constructed) and stop at a few key spots to learn more about the 3rd largest park in Queens. 

Get Tickets Here: https: //newyorksocialnetwork. com/events/forest-park-easy-hike-in-queens-7

Cost: $20 general members    Date: May 7, 2023, Sunday

How it works: 

·We'll meet at 3 p. m. at Wallenberg Square right outside of Forest Park in Queens.

·Be prepared to walk as we explore multiple paths throughout the park!

·Public transit is available! You can take the E / F to Union Turnpike or the LIRR to Kew Gardens and walk 15 minutes over to Wallenberg Square. 

·The hike will start and end at Wallenberg Square. 

What to bring: Water, hiking boots or sneakers

Difficulty Level: Easy

What if it rains? Refunds will be given if the event is canceled due to rain. 

Can I come alone? Yes, most guests do! It's a great way to meet new people.

Dress Code: Be comfortable and casual. Dress for the weather. You will be outside for 90 minutes. 

Ages: 20+ Most of our events attract 20's-40's although some events can be adjusted to younger or older(50's) depending on the event.

Questions? Email Dave Cervini at dave@newyorksocialnetwork. com or call 212-873-2256, M-F 10 a. m. to 4 p. m. . Nonrefundable unless canceled. 

Eric was a nine-year-old boy who lived with his single mother, Stacey and sister, Lily. They lived a hard life. Eric felt bad for their situation but worse for himself, especially in school.

Eric's leather boots were worn out. They didn't protect his feet from the rain, and his socks became totally wet as water went through the holes in his shoes. Stacey attempted to fix the holes but it was no use. Eric still walked to school with that pair of broken shoes. How much he wished he could also have new comfortable and expensive shoes his classmates wore!

One day, Eric returned from school and complained to Stacey, "It was raining today. Water has leaked into my shoes again. I hate my boots! Why can't you get me new ones?" Stacey was sad and helpless. "I spent our last savings on your sister's medicine. She's sick. Eric you know that. You need to act like a responsible big brother!" she answered. Tears welled up in Eric's eyes. "I hate you!" he shouted. "You only care about Lily! You don't love me!" Then he cried and ran to his room.

After preparing dinner, Stacey went to his room with his dinner plate. "I'm sorry, Eric," she whispered to comfort him. "We're going through a very tough journey recently. But I'll get you new shoes in the future." However, Eric refused to listen to her.

The next day, when Eric went to class, he took his seat quietly and hid his feet under his chair, as usual. He was embarrassed to show his boots. As the math teacher Mrs Fletcher entered the class, all the students greeted her. "Today, we have a very special friend with us," she smiled. "Everyone, please welcome Ben, your new classmate." Soon after, a boy with a pair of crutches(拐杖)entered. The new boy only had one leg. Eric was shocked. He and all his classmates thought how unlucky Ben was and that he must be very shy and sad.

注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Paragraph 1: At that moment, Mrs Fletcher asked Ben to introduce himself. 

Paragraph 2: Inspired by Ben, Eric realized he should appreciate what he had. 

注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加内容，以使语篇连贯；

参考词汇

中国文化周：The Traditional Chinese Culture Week

Khamisi Ally Abdi, a 25-year-old African student in Cangzhou Technical College, Hebei province, has practiced tai chi for two years. Having worshiped kung fu stars such as Bruce Lee, Jackie Chan as a child, the Tanzanian understood Chinese kung fu to be  fast-paced attack and defense art before he  (arrive) in China, but now he realizes tai chi is different. It is tai chi moves with balance and deep rhythmic breathing  allow him to feel the charm of the exercise. It brings peace and  (calm) to his mind while building his muscles.

The college, as one of International Exchange centers, (enroll) (录取) more than 300 international students from over countries since 2016, (main) countries along "the Belt and Road", providing a tai chi course for all foreign students. (practice) tai chi has led Abdi to acquire a comprehensive appreciation of this Chinese culture and ideology. He now prefers people (call) him by his Chinese name Chen Yanzhi, as the characters of Yanzhi carry the meaning of talented and virtuous. The art has inspired his understanding of China. he is longing for is teaching tai chi in his country and he expresses hope that this magical kung fu can be (benefit) to more people.

It began in November 2016, when Hinton, then 17, got a text message from an 1 number inviting him to Thanksgiving. When he asked who it was, the person 2 : "Your grandma."

"Grandma? Can I have your 3 ?" the teenager replied. He received a photo of a woman he had never seen before. It was Dench, now 64.

Hinton wrote back, "You're not my grandma," 4 a laughing face. Still playing along, he jokingly asked: "Can I still get a 5 though?"

Dench replied: "Of course you can. That's what grandmas do... feed everyone."

Hinton soon 6  her mistaken invitation had turned genuine, and he decided to have a Thanksgiving meal with her family, including her actual grandson, whom she 7  intended to text.

Hinton 8 the conversation on social media; it quickly went viral. And it's become an annual 9 that's beloved by the families.

Last week Hinton 10 that the two would be celebrating the day together again. "We are all set for year 7!" he wrote on Twitter.

"I would have 11 a wonderful relationship," Dench said, when asked what would have happened if she hadn't invited Hinton over years ago. "I've changed my 12 so much on the younger generation."

Although Dench was 13 about the misdirected text in 2016 at first, both she and Hinton 14 it. "Family is more than 15 " Dench said. "It's the people you want to be with."

Prepare for a test

In your school, tests or quizzes maybe a part of your regular classroom work. Many teachers use tests to ensure that students have accurately learned the material that's been studied. If taking a test makes you feel worried, the good news is that there are many easy ways for you to prepare and feel better before the exam or quiz.

Be organized

Studying for a test will be easier if you organize you notes, handouts, and assignments ahead of time for each of your classes.Consider using a separate folder for each subject. You can keep them at home, at school, or in your backpack. 

Make a plan

This might mean committing to studying for 30 minutes for a few afternoons the week before the test Or maybe you have more time on the weekends and want to plan extra study time then. No matter what you decide, block out the time on your calendar so you remember. 

If you have learned a lot of material, such as in science class, ask your teacher what information will be on the test If your teacher hands out a study guide, use that guide to help you figure out what information you need to focus on most Next, decide how you want to review the material. Besides reviewing your notes, you could write key concepts on flash cards to test yourself.If there is some information in your notes or in the study guide that is confusing to you, highlight that part and ask your teacher for clarification when you get to class. 

These strategies can help you feel confident about demonstrating your knowledge.

A. Here's how to get started.

B. Highlight the study guide

C. Focus on the right material

D. When you prepare for study, make a plan.

E. This way, the information will be there for you when you need to review it

F. Write the question on one side of the notecard and the answer on the other.

G. Once you have a test date, look at a calendar and make a plan for when you'll study.

According to the IUCN Red List 32, 000 species are threatened with extinction. Although we might be working hard to help some species come back from the brink (边缘), we might also be eating some threatened species without even realising it.

Searching industrial fishing records, researchers identified almost 100 endangered species being sold as seafood, and this is done legally. When sold, these fish are not required to be labelled according to species, so consumers have no way of knowing what they're eating, let alone whether they're endangered or not.

The team stresses that this is only the tip of the iceberg, as they only looked at a specific section of records and excluded groups of fish such as sharks, which are commonly eaten in Australia, Europe, and some Asian countries.

To solve the mess we're creating in the ocean, the researchers have come up with some ways, one of which is to expand our idea of seafood to include jellyfish (水母). That might sound a little unusual, but it's not the first time scientists have suggested it as a food source. And with jellyfish being one of a minority of wild animals that scientists think might be actually increasing in numbers around the world, it makes a lot of sense. With jellyfish as a food source, other endangered species may be kept in the sea.

Of course, there are other ways to help keep endangered species off the menu. Carissa Klein, University of Queensland (UQ) conservation scientist, thinks that the labelling of seafood needs to be improved, so that people are more aware of what they are eating. Besides, it can be also important if the cooperation between fisheries and conservation policies can be better promoted. "We would never consider eating mountain gorillas or elephants, both of which are endangered," added Klein.