相关试卷

"Children are born with skepticismc (质疑) and they can adapt their level of skepticism according to the quality of information they've seen before in a digital context," Orticio said. "They can use their expectations of how this digital environment works to make reasonable adjustments to how much they trust or distrust information. "

Minors encounter health misinformation within minutes of creating a TikTok account. Even platforms intended for young audiences like YouTube Kids have become spaces for misinformation. That's a particular problem because parents may have the impression that these are safe places their kids can explore. That may give a false sense of security and allow falsehoods and problematic content to go unchecked and be taken as true and acceptable. So encountering misinformation when children surf online is unavoidable.

If children have some experience working in controlled but imperfect environments where they are constantly encountering things that aren't quite right, and we show them the process for figuring out what is actually true and not, that will set them up with the expectation to be more critical. Orticio said, "Rather than trying tosanitize their online environments, parents should have discussions with their children about how to check claims and talk about what they're seeing. " It's not that we need to enhance their skepticism. It's that we need to give them the ability to use that skepticism to their advantage.

"In much of the world, women and girls are responsible for household duties," said McGriff, "It's seen that girls won't ever be putting their education to use." Additionally, many poor families can't afford girls' tuition fees, school supplies and uniforms (校服). Yet, studies have shown that providing free uniforms can reduce dropout rates by 16% and absenteeism by more than 35%. This simple solution took root in McGriff's mind and started her journey helping girls transform their lives.

As she took an entrepreneurship (创业) class, she was tasked with creating a business or nonprofit for a class project, which reminded her of the idea of the school uniform. Soon she developed an idea. After conducting field research, McGriff returned home, presented her education project at entrepreneurship competitions and won $35, 000 in startup fund. Eventually she established her nonprofit, Style Her Empowered (SHE), to bring her vision to life.

That first year, the group hired local tailors and provided uniforms and school fees for65 girls. But they soon ran into a problem — the students were outgrowing quickly. To address this, McGriff's team, together with local tailors and students, designed an innovative "growing uniform" which could be adjusted to fit a girl for up to three years, accommodating six different sizes.

Today, SHE serves girls in 20 rural villages in southern Togo, providing 1, 500 girls a year with free uniforms, school fees, supplies, tutoring, and much more. Once enrolled, students receive weekly tutoring. As a result, SHE's students consistently pass their exams at higher rates than the national average. "Our students have increased their performance in school dramatically," McGriff said. "If given the opportunity, they shine."

Officially known as the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence, this conference held at Dartmouth College is widely considered to be the birthplace of AI as a field. A small team of scientists coined the term artificial intelligence for the event and set the course for future thinking and research on the technology.

1997: Deep Blue

IBM's Deep Blue became the first computer system to defeat a world chess champion in a standard tournament match. Deep Blue's underlying technology advanced the ability of supercomputers to tackle complex calculations (运算).

2019: GPT-2

While many major tech companies are involved in the development of AI, it was the publication of then-little-known OpenAI's Generative Pre-trained Transformer 2 that showed the power of natural language processing. Able to work out the next item in a sequence, it could perform tasks such as summarizing and translating text.

2022: ChatGPT

The chatbot ChatGPT, released in late 2022, was built on a large language model — and introduced generative AI proper to the wider world. Its release sparked a new phase of rapid development, and generative AI quickly began to transform every aspect of business and our lives.

What's next for AI? Experts say we should expect interactive AI that can instruct other software to carry out tasks for you, AI making new scientific discoveries, and models that understand the physical world, remember, reason and plan.

1. 感谢指导；

2. 比赛经历；

3. 成员表现。

注意：

1. 写作词数应为80个左右；

2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。

Dear Peter,

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

Scientists have discovered the remains of appears to be an ancient sheep-drawn chariot (战车) near the famous Terracotta Army in the western tomb of Emperor Qin Shi Huang. The main structure of the chariot has likely rotted (腐烂) away after (spend) more than 2,000 years in the ground but researchers did find a row of six sheep skeletons (骨架) wearing attachments used for pulling a chariot, so they (infer) this was a sheep-drawn chariot.

Horse-drawn chariots were common in ancient China, but a sheep-drawn chariot is extremely rare find. The founder of the Western Jin Dynasty, Emperor Wu, or Sima Yan, who ruled from 266 to 290CE, is said (ride) in a sheep-drawn carriage around his palace complex every night and would sleep wherever the sheep stopped. Researchers hope laboratory (analyze) on the western tomb's burial chamber, which is currently underway, will help them determine who was buried there.

In addition to the six-sheep chariot, scientists unearthed a four-wheeled (wood) chariot, probably drawn by horses, (equip) with a fancy umbrella. It is the oldest of (it) type ever found. They also found a wealth of iron tools and weapons, providing new insight into the period iron tools first began to appear.

Our guide is Céline, a Frenchwoman. "The prediction is clouds tonight," she tells us. "But you never know, so we will still be3."

After about 20 minutes, the bus4 at Aurora (极光) Village, a collection of small buildings beside a frozen lake. Getting off the bus, I couldn't help5 from foot to foot.

Minutes after, the clouds6. "Is that it?" someone asks, pointing at a small dome (圆顶) of brightness on the horizon. The aurora is a beautiful, though hard to7, phenomenon, occurring year-round and tourism runs on expectations stimulated by travel websites. However, thousands of enhanced photos of emerald-green and ruby-red arcs (弧线) make false8. So I've tried to keep my own expectations9.

Over about 20 minutes, however, a cloud10 into a fine white are stretching across the sky, brightening until it is a river of pearl. Céline and I lie back on a pile of11, watching the glowing track cross the sky like a painter's12.

I don't generally do this kind of thing: travel in13, with guides. I'm always too shy for groups. But viewing the aurora is a peculiar undertaking, something best done in very cold places at night,14 cities, in an environment that doesn't15 the solo traveler.

As the educational achievement gap between children from the richest and poorest backgrounds has grown post-COVID, the role that libraries can play in improving the ability to read and stimulating a love of reading couldn't be more vital. The Children's Laureate (荣誉获得者), Frank Cottrell Boyce, stressed their importance for "human contact". His mother used the library as an escape from their limited Liverpool home. For others, it is a shelter from bullying, as one reader told the Guardian.

The activities offer desperately needed company to isolated parents, as well as inspirations for children. What's more, if you don't have access to the Internet or a printer, if you struggle with English or can't keep warm in winter, libraries are not simply somewhere to borrow books. Above all, homelessness, loneliness, mental health, childcare costs, illiteracy and health education are also some of the challenges that libraries help to deal with as other basic public services have disappeared.

Despite all these benefits, funding for libraries is never a priority, defeated by the more urgent demands of healthcare and schools. Campaigners are trying to put emphasis on that message before it is too late. One thing libraries don't need is more words. They need on-going and considerable funding.

A. What can you do to help to reopen the libraries?

B. But concerns about their long-term future remain.

C. But it is not just books that make them magical places.

D. Meanwhile, funding for libraries has halved since 2010.

E. You can even spend a whole day there without buying a cup of tea.

F. However, properly resourced, they can help relieve the pressures on both.

G. Where else can you find craft workshops, Lego, and author events, all for free?

Several physicists argued that the science underlying machine learning was not actually physics. "I like machine learning and artificial neural networks as much as the next person, but it's hard to see that this is a physics discovery." Jonathan Pritchard, an astrophysicist at Imperial College London.

Not everyone was troubled, however. "Hopfield and Hinton's research brought together physics, math, computer science and neuroscience," said Matt Strassler, a theoretical physicist at Harvard University, "In that sense, it belongs to all of these fields." Anil Ananthaswamy, a science writer based in Berkeley, pointed out that although the research cited by the Nobel committee might not be theoretical physics in the purest sense, it is rooted in techniques and concepts from physics, such as energy. But Anil also added, the connection with physics became more delicate in upcoming developments in machine learning, particularly in techniques that made neural networks easier to train.

Computer science seemed to be completing its Nobel takeover the day after the physics prize announcement, when Demis Hassabis and John Jumper won half of the chemistry Nobel. The prize was a recognition of the innovative force of AI, but also of the steady gathering of knowledge in structural and computational biology. "It wasn't just that we went to work, pressed the AI button, and then all went home," Jumper said. "It was really an iterative (迭代的) process where we developed, we did research, we tried to find the right kind of combinations between what the community understood about proteins and how we build those insights into our architecture."

Since they were first awarded in 1901, the Nobels have often highlighted the impact of research on society, and have rewarded practical inventions, not only pure science. In this respect, this year's prizes are not outliers.

Many studies suggest that peer pressure and the desire to conform (顺从) are simply a part of being human. Humans, after all, are highly social beings. If humans are hard-wired to respond to peer pressure, then it makes sense to examine how it can be used to change behavior in a positive way. Imagine a situation: student X has always enjoyed playing the guitar but is lazy and unmotivated. Although initially unwilling, she is persuaded to join a school band. The group of students is preparing for a performance and the existing members are enthusiastic, focused and hardworking. Gradually, student X is caught up in the spirit of the band and before long she is willingly making the same commitment of time and effort so they can achieve a common goal.

So how does it work? Peer pressure - both positive and negative - follows a recognizable psychological process. If student X does not inform to the established culture of the band, she risks rejection. To dispel tension, student X changes her habits and increases the amount of time and energy she devotes to practice. Some psychologists describe this transposition of personal goals or standards to achieve harmony as part of a "identity shift".

The key to understanding the concept of peer pressure and its power over humans is to closely examine the science of the process, rather than focus on its negative aspects. Providing a one-dimensional view of the concept encourages the bias (偏见) that peer pressure is a strictly undesirable feature of human society. Instead, we should be exploring way to use its power for good.

In 1950, Fong purchased more than 700 acres of land on Oahu, above Kaneohe Bay. Wanting to experiment with growing fruit, he planted banana, then papaya, lemon, jackfruit, and avocado. By also choosing to plant crops such as bamboo, coconut, betel nut, and turmeric, he broadened the types of plants in his garden and developed a landscape reminding people of Hawaii hundreds of years ago.

After he retired from politics in 1977, Fong continued to be in charge of his companies, but he focused on gardening, personally importing and planting countless species of plants. Eventually, he divided his land into five gardens, each one named after a US president who had served while Fong was a senator. The Eisenhower Plateau is dedicated to native Chinese plants, such as the Hong Kong orchid tree and the Java plum. The Johnson Plateau features foreign fruits. Kennedy Valley supports ginger and palms from all over the world. Nixon Valley abounds with flowers while the Ford Plateau highlights hillsides of pili grasses.

The preserve is now named Senator Fong's Plantation and Gardens, complete with a visitors' center and guided tours. Until his death in 2004 at ninety-seven. Fong spent every weekend tending to his flowers and trees and associating with visitors. He considered gardening a contributing reason for his long and healthy life.

A GPA, or Grade Point Average, typically ranging from one to four, is a number reflecting your course performance on average. It's used by universities to determine whether students meet academic standards and by students to enhance job prospects or secure admission into post-graduate programs.

How to calculate a GPA?

● Determine the letter grade and the number of credit hours for each course you take in a term;

● Translate the letter grade to grade points using your school's grading system;

● Multiply the grade points by the credit hours for that course;

● Add up all the credit hours for the courses;

● Divide the total number of grade points by the total credit hours and you get the GPA.

What are the consequences of failing college courses?

● Every failing grade (F) significantly impacts your GPA for that academic year, limiting clubs, organizations and program choices, as competitive programs require top GPAs.

● Most financial aid programs require a specific GPA. A sharp drop in GPA due to several course failures may lead to withdrawal from financial aid programs, unless you retake the courses and pass.

● For college athletes on sports scholarships, failing courses repeatedly can lead to losing scholarships and team sports.

● Failing multiple courses can result in school removal and affect future applications.

1. 建议的具体活动及理由；

2. 表达鼓励与祝愿。

注意：

1. 写作词数应为80个左右；

2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。

Dear Charlotte,

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours.

Li Hua