相关试卷
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1、 ____ a healthy eating habit, and you can feel more energetic and improve your well-being.A、Have B、To have C、Having D、Had
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2、 It is reported that a new wildlife conservation area has been established in ____ was once known for deforestation to protect endangered species.A、what B、which C、how D、where
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3、 ____ in the planning process for the group project will leave team members feeling disconnected and unproductive.A、Not involving B、Not involved C、Not having involved D、Not being involved
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4、 After months of hard work and preparation, the company finally saw its business ____, attracting numerous investments.A、take up B、take over C、take off D、take in
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5、 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你校公众号英语栏目正举办主题为"用英语讲中国故事"的征文活动。请你写一篇短文投稿,介绍能代表中国形象的优秀人物事迹、传统艺术形式或独特的自然人文景观,并阐释其能代表中国形象的原因。
习作要求主题鲜明、细节描述能体现主题;语言准确得体;词数100左右。
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6、 with people from diverse cultural backgrounds helps us view the world from different angles. (用适当的词填空)
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7、 But perhaps what is most significant is the way in which people have worked in with nature to make these terraces and grow rice. (根据句意填空)
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8、 The organization is called Roots & Shoots because roots move slowly under the ground to make a firm , and shoots seem small and weak, but they can break open brick walls to reach the light. (用适当的词填空)
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9、 Xie Lei chose to live with a host family, who can help with her to the new environment. (用适当的词填空)
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10、 I am proud that we built our "impossible" railway, and did so with the care that the environment.(用适当的词填空)
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11、 When acquiring new knowledge, I'll try to make with what I have already learnt. (根据句意单词拼写)
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12、 Bike-sharing is a cheap and easy way to save energy, reduce air and noise pollution, and enjoy the of exercise in cities. (用适当的词填空)
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13、 Of course, there are still environmental risks. However, these should be balanced with economic needs. Hopefully, as technology improves, we may have more this balance.(根据句意填空)
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14、 Until he passed away in 1961, Mei had been performing and encouraging the of Peking Opera for almost 60 years. (根据句意填空)
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15、 Soon after, however, problems came up and the "white bikes" all —thieves stole them all in a matter of weeks! (用适当的词填空)
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16、 With strong support from the government and the tireless of the city's people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. (用适当的词填空)
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17、 With the progress of new medical research, I'm that people like me would be able to walk again one day. (根据句意填空)
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18、根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How objective are you? How often are you over-reacting to situations, taking things personally or judging people unfairly? We all do this at some time or another.
. Under stress, most of us draw solely on our past experiences and biases, which cloud our ability to see things clearly and make sound judgments. Moreover, our desire to succeed is often so strong, that, under these intense circumstances, our limiting mental models tend to get in our way, creating even more stress and causing us to react in ways that we may regret.
Our ability to be objective depends on our willingness to question our mental models, the lens through which we perceive, interpret and respond to our world. If our mental models are incorrect, then our understanding of what is going on and our response to it, are often incorrect. .
The good news is that with practice, we can interrupt our automatic reactions, and choose a different response. Each time we do this, we are re-wiring our neural network by creating new pathways based on new models: new ways of perceiving and responding to our world. .
One of the most powerful mental model transformation catalysts (催化剂) is new knowledge or logic that challenge old ways of thinking. They've usually been with us a while, so we tend to trust them. For most of us, we have never been taught about mental models and how to evaluate them to determine if they are helpful or harmful.
To transform unproductive mental models, we must change our mind! We have to decide, through our own logic and reason, whether our way of seeing the world is no longer valid for us. It is in the wake of this new knowledge that transformation takes place. At that moment, a set of new connections is created in the brain. It's these new connections that have the potential to enhance our mental resources to help us transform limiting mental models.
A. We can actually learn to think smarter!
B. An objective leader must judge and treat people fairly.
C. This requires that we be open to new knowledge and reasoning.
D. The key is to accept a problem as it occurs and not take it personally.
E. This is why we sometimes misjudge situations and take things personally.
F. As we have seen, mental models are deep — rooted beliefs we tend to hold onto.
G. The challenge is that when we are under pressure, we tend to be less objective.
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19、阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A Perspective article published in Nature this week says that AI systems pose a further risk: that researchers envision such tools as possessed of superhuman abilities when it comes to objectivity, productivity and understanding complex concepts. Scientists planning to use AI "must evaluate these risks now, while AI applications are still nascent (未成熟的), because they will be much more difficult to address if AI tools become deeply embedded in the research pipeline", write co-authors Lisa Messeri and Molly Crockett.
In this article, Messeri and Crockett put together a picture of the ways in which scientists see AI systems as enhancing human capabilities. In one ‘vision', which they call AI as Oracle, researchers see AI tools as able to tirelessly read and digest scientific papers, and so survey the scientific literature more exhaustively than people can. In both Oracle and another vision, called AI as Arbiter, systems are perceived as evaluating scientific findings more objectively than do people, because they are less likely to cherry-pick the literature to support a desired hypothesis or to show favouritism in peer review. In a third vision, AI as Quant, AI tools seem to surpass the limits of the human mind in analyzing vast and complex data. In the fourth, AI as Surrogate, AI tools simulate (模拟) data that are too difficult or complex to obtain.
Informed by anthropology and cognitive science, Messeri and Crockett predict risks that arise from these visions. One is the illusion of explanatory depth, in which people relying on another person—or, in this case, an algorithm—for knowledge have a tendency to mistake that knowledge for their own and think their understanding is deeper than it actually is.
Another risk is that research becomes skewed towards studying the kinds of thing that AI systems can test—the researchers call this the illusion of exploratory breadth. For example, in social science, the vision of AI as Surrogate could encourage experiments involving human behaviors that can be simulated by an AI—and discourage those on behaviors that cannot, such as anything that requires being embodied physically.
There's also the illusion of objectivity, in which researchers see AI systems as representing all possible viewpoints or not having a viewpoint. In fact, these tools reflect only the viewpoints found in the data they have been trained on, and are known to adopt the biases (偏见) found in those data. "There's a risk that we forget that there are certain questions we just can't answer about human beings using AI tools," says Crockett. The illusion of objectivity is particularly worrying given the benefits of including diverse viewpoints in research.
If you're a scientist planning to use AI, you can reduce these dangers through a number of strategies. One is to map your proposed use to one of the visions, and consider which traps you are most likely to fall into. Another approach is to be deliberate about how you use AI. Deploying AI tools to save time on something your team already has expertise in is less risky than using them to provide expertise you just don't have, says Crockett.
(1)、According to Paragraph 2, which might scientists agree with?A、Human intelligence can't be overshadowed in analyzing data. B、Prejudice has been ruled out by AI tools in scientific evaluation. C、Studies with desired hypothesis are usually favored in peer review. D、AI can conduct a relatively thorough overview of the prior research.(2)、What does the underlined word "skewed" in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A、Declining. B、Partial. C、Dynamic. D、Irrelevant.(3)、What can we learn from this passage?A、Relying on AI to fill gaps in the team's knowledge is much preferable. B、AI isn't limited to the outlook and biases present within its training data. C、Instant actions must be taken to rate AI's risks before it is fully integrated into research. D、Users counting heavily on AI tend to underestimate their insight of a concept.(4)、Which would be the best title for the passage?A、A Call for Considered Use of AI in Science B、The Unseen Biases of AI in Social Science C、AI's Role in Enhancing Human Expertise D、How AI Is Shaping Scientific Discovery -
20、阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
For years, scientists have been trying to figure out whether "brain workouts" such as puzzles (字谜) and online cognitive games could strengthen our minds and slow the process of aging.
Now, a study has found that regularly attempting a crossword may help slow decline in some people with mild cognitive impairment (障碍), an early stage of faltering memory that can sometimes progress to dementia (痴呆症).
While the study didn't investigate whether crosswords benefit younger adults who are not dealing with cognitive decline, it suggests that keeping your mind active as you age may benefit your brain. And the research offers hope to those diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment that they may be able to stave off further declines in the memory, language problems and decision-making that are the hallmark of the condition.
The American Academy of Neurology estimates that mild cognitive impairment affects about 8 percent of people ages 65 to 69; 10 percent of people ages 70 to 74; 15 percent of people ages 75 to 79; 25 percent of those ages 80 to 84; and about 37 percent of people 85 and older.
The research, which was funded by the National Institute on Aging, recruited 107 adults ages 55 to 95 with mild cognitive impairment. For 12 weeks, they were all asked to play one of two types of games, four times a week—spending either 30 minutes on Lumosity, a popular cognitive training platform, or 30 minutes attempting a digital crossword. After 12 weeks, the participants were reevaluated and given "booster" doses of game play six more times during the 78-week experiment.
By the end of the study, participants were given standard assessments used to measure cognitive decline, and friends and family reported on their day-to-day functioning. MRI scans also were used to measure brain volume changes.
Researchers found that in key measurements—cognitive decline scores, functional skills and brain volume changes—the regular crossword players fared better than the game players.
The finding surprised the scientists behind the study who had expected that challenging web-based brain games, which were specifically designed to boost cognitive function, would offer the most benefit.
"Our study shows that in people with mild cognitive impairment, crossword puzzles beat the computerized games on multiple metrics, " said Murali Doraiswamy, a co-author of the study. "So, if you have mild cognitive impairment, which is different from normal aging, then the recommendation would be to keep your brain active with crossword puzzles."
People with higher degrees of cognitive impairment appeared to benefit the most from doing the crossword which was designed to be a moderately difficult puzzle comparable to the Thursday game.
The study has limitations. Some of the participants may have just been more familiar with crosswords and that's why they responded better to the puzzles than to Lumosity's computer games. More years of follow-up also are needed to determine whether interventions such as crossword puzzles can "truly prevent dementia," Doraiswamy said.
(1)、What does the underlined phrase "stave off" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A、Promote. B、Prevent. C、Experience. D、Cause.(2)、 Paragraph 4 is written to____.A、show a concerning condition B、compare different groups C、present real-life examples D、prove an assumption(3)、What can we learn from the passage?A、One's degree of cognitive impairment depends on how old he is. B、Solving crossword puzzles is a recommendation to elderly people. C、The efficiency of puzzles in preventing dementia has been proved. D、Crosswords' effects are linked to how serious cognitive impairment is.(4)、What makes the findings of the study far from conclusive?A、The lack of variables. B、The weaknesses of assessments. C、The insufficiency of time span. D、The subjects' preference for games.