相关试卷

Beijing recently made technological history by hosting the world's first half-marathon for humanoid robots, marking a significant milestone in robotics development. Twenty teams from top universities and tech firms participated, with six robots (complete) the 21-kilometer race. The winner, Tiangong Ultra, finished it in just 2 hours and 40 minutes.

This groundbreaking (compete) represented a crucial transition from controlled laboratory testing to real-world application. Unlike artificial lab environments, the marathon's unpredictable outdoor conditions tested the robots' adaptability and endurance capabilities. Beyond sports, such robots are already in use — for example, the specialized inspection robots (develop) by China Southern Power Grid, can operate (reliable) in temperature extremes ranging from 40℃ to 80℃ while maintaining power lines in remote (mountain) regions.

Since the beginning of this year, Chinese tech giants like Xiaomi and Huawei, well aware of the opportunities, (join) forces with automotive leaders including Tesla and Toyota in has become an international race to advance this technology. However, experts caution that rapid progress, significant technical hurdles remain. Most robots currently operate at Level 2 autonomy but achieving Level 4 — full independence — needs breakthroughs in AI decision-making.

For students considering future careers in technology, humanoid robotics represents one of the most exciting and promising fields may transform industries and daily life. successful Beijing marathon serves as both a testament to how far we have come and s preview of the remarkable innovations still to come.

However, Rose was difficult to get along with. She would take them out for dinner but then4 what they could order, and complained about everything they did. This led to their confusion, leaving them feeling increasingly5. One day, Karen shared with me the growing weight of6 she felt from caring for Rose. When I asked if she had any volunteer7, she responded that she had no time. I then suggested that she8 looking after Rose as volunteer work. Instantly, it was like a light bulb went on. Karen's9 shifted. She told David the same that night, and the idea changed everything. From then on, they still did the same work, but as "volunteers," it felt10 — no longer a duty, but a choice. For the rest of Rose's life, they still11 helped, finding joy in the role.

We often talk about volunteering, which makes us feel good. But there's also a way to12 a burdensome commitment as "volunteering". By doing so, a task we feel forced to do can become a voluntary act.

Let's take Karen and David as an example. Their13 to helping Rose at first seemed like an unwanted14. But after the shift, a chore turned into a15 experience.

With electric vehicles (EVs) gaining significant popularity globally — accounting for 22% of new car sales in 2024 — many passengers report experiencing increased motion sickness compared to traditional vehicles. Social media platforms are filled with such personal experiences, particularly from those riding in passenger or back seats.

A primary reason for this phenomenon is the lack of familiarity with EV motion patterns. As William Emond, a PhD researcher in France specializing in motion sickness, explains, people's brains heavily depend on past experiences to predict and interpret motion. For instance, experienced drivers naturally expect acceleration after hearing engine revs in fuel-powered cars, but EVs operate without such familiar auditory signals.

Recent research indicates that specific seat vibrations and the complete absence of traditional engine noise in EVs contribute significantly to motion discomfort. Furthermore, the regenerative braking systems — innovative technology that transforms kinetic energy (动能) into battery power — cause an unusually gradual slowdown.

Beyond this, motion sickness fundamentally occurs when the brain receives contradictory sensory signals about body movement. The inner ear, visual cues, and physical sensations send mixed messages to the brain, creating what experts call a "neural mismatch". This mechanism explains why drivers themselves rarely experience carsickness — they control and predict the vehicle's movements.
 

A. Such long-term conflict can trigger motion sickness symptoms.

B. Another contributing factor is that EV-specific features add to the problem.

C. Some manufacturers are improving suspension systems to minimize vibrations.

D. Drivers usually don't experience carsickness due to their control over the vehicle.

E. This technology lengthens the stopping process and may worsen feelings of sickness.

F. Without previous EV experience, the brain has to struggle to estimate forces accurately.

G. In regard to this phenomenon, researchers have identified several scientific explanations.

Our behavior and our brains are closely linked. And yet, the majority of studies only take a snapshot of our lived experience. "We know little about the response of brain functional connectivity to environmental, physiological, and behavioral changes on different timescales, from days to months," said Triana, a professor from Aalto University.

To investigate these effects, Triana and his colleagues tracked their own brain activity and behavior over a five-month period using a combination of brain scans, wearable devices and their smartphones. "We studied brain activity using FMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging), sleep and physical activity patterns using a smart-ring, heart and respiration rates using a smartwatch, and mood using questionnaires prompted on their smartphone," Triana said.

Triana's brain was scanned twice a week, followed by qualitative (定性的) data from mood surveys. The team identified two distinct brain patterns in response to specific behaviors: a short-term wave lasting less than a week and a long-term wave lasting up to 15 days. The short-term wave was reflective of rapid responses to a behavior, like struggling to focus after a poor night's sleep. Meanwhile, the long-term wave suggests more gradual, lasting effects of a particular behavior. These were particularly apparent in areas of the brain tied to attention and memory. In other words, a workout or restless night from two weeks ago could still be affecting you — positively or negatively — today.

While this study only shows the brain activity of one individual, the researchers hope that it demonstrates the importance of studying brain activity in the context of our wider lifestyle and behavior, rather than a single snapshot in the lab. "This research is important because it provides a more comprehensive and dynamic view of brain function, highlighting the long-term impact of everyday behaviour on brain health," Triana said.

If you've experienced anything like the above anecdote, you're not alone. People responding "maybe" to invitations is a common yet annoying aspect of social life. What goes on in people's heads when they aren't sure whether to accept an invitation? Social invitations can be a delicate dance. People often misread what someone extending an invitation wants to hear and overestimate an inviter's likelihood of preferring a "maybe" over a "no." Moreover, they fail to realize how much more disrespected people feel when they receive a "maybe" in response to their invitation.

Naturally, we wanted to figure out why this awkward dynamic plays out. We found that it's largely due to something called "motivated reasoning." Motivated reasoning occurs when a person interprets information in a biased (有偏差的) way to suit their own wishes. In other words, invitees convince themselves that inviters want to hear "maybe" instead of "no" because a "maybe" is better for the invitees, allowing them to leave their options open. Besides, people tend to overestimate the negative consequences of saying "no" to invitations, thinking it will upset, anger and disappoint inviters.

However, there were certain situations that made people more comfortable saying "no" to an invitation. When recipients of an invitation put themselves in the shoes of the person extending the invitation, they are more likely to realize that they'd probably prefer a definite answer. When the participants get invited to do something they didn't want to do, they had no desire to keep their options open. The motivated reasoning then became irrelevant.

While navigating social situations can be tricky, being direct and definite is sometimes best. It might reduce your options. But it'll keep those who invite you from being left uncertain and maybe they'll still think of you when the next concert comes to town.

Though never skilled at crafts, I've always found comfort in textiles. My mother, who had knitted a granny-square blanket in her twenties, was game to re-learn how to do it. In her youth, Granny squares became the after-dinner routine and soon I was churning out dozens of multicolored squares. And it felt like this project was, maybe, helping?

"It's incredibly mindful," says Gabrielle Gatto, a death educator in our community. "That's part of really sitting with something."

On a Tuesday evening, Gatto sets up a snack table inside the cemetery's church, preparing for the start of her monthly interactive workshop, "Grieving & Weaving. " "I think it was important to have that in the name as well," she says. "We are going to talk about grief, death and loss. But we're also going to create happy memories together, eating and drinking a bunch of things."

It's a project that had been sitting in her closet for months. Earlier this year, after both her grandmothers died, she lost what she calls the "knitting light" for a while. Rafferty, who is also a therapist, says she almost skipped the workshop to stay home with her dog, but she's glad she didn't — being here is therapeutic.

As Gatto says, after all, it's not the end product that's the therapy. It's the act of doing it. "A big thing with grief is moving through it both mentally and physically," Gatto says. "And that's exactly what we do here. We bring something that is maybe heavy on our minds or our hearts. And then we work with our hands. We work with it, and we work together."

Duration

4 weeks, 2-3 hours per week; start from Nov. 5.

About this course

The crises of our time generate enormous adaptive challenges for our families, organizations, communities, and societies. The need for leadership that can mobilize people to meet these challenges and improve life is critical.

In this introductory course, you will explore strategies for leading in a changing world where adaptive pressures will continue to challenge all of us. You will discover new ways to approach complex organizational systems and take thoughtful action on the work we all face ahead. Most importantly, you will reflect on how to move forward on the leadership challenges you care about most.

At a glance

·Institution: HarvardX

·Subject Business & Management

·Level: Introductory

·Language: English

·Video Transcript: English

·Associated skills: Leadership

What you'll learn

In this short introductory course, you will discover a diagnostic-and-action process for exercising leadership that explores the following foundational principles and strategies:

·How to identify and break down complex challenges.

·How to understand the role of formal and informal authority.

·How to build and renew trust relationships.

·How to approach conflict.

About the instructor

Ronald Heifetz: Founder, Center for Public Leadership.

Hector stood in the front of his fifth-grade classroom as one of the last two competitors in the Room Five Geography Bee. His opponent having missed the last question, it was Hector's turn. If he answered his question correctly, he would be the Room Five champion.

"Where did I put that second sheet of questions?" Mr. Adler whispered while searching through a thick pile of papers on his messy desk. Mr. Adler, though a great teacher, had a reputation of being disorganized with a long history of misplacing things. "Oh well, I apologize for the delay." said Mr. Adler after what seemed like a long time. "Hector, please tell us the capital city of Brazil." Hearing the question, Hector smiled. Then, there was the answer.

Later that day in the courtyard, many classmates congratulated Hector. Wearing a proud smile, he greeted and thanked them all. Oh, the sweet taste of victory. As it was getting late, the courtyard became deserted. But Hector still didn't want to leave. Then he saw Mr. Adler crossing the courtyard and holding a half-open bag full of papers. As he hurried past, an envelope dropped out but Mr. Adler was unaware, turned a corner and disappeared out of sight. Hector picked it up. On the envelope were the words "Fifth Grade Geography Bee Questions and Answers". Hector stared wide-eyed at the envelope. Before he even had time to reflect on the consequences, he opened it and read the questions.

As soon as Hector had done it, he knew it was the wrong choice. He'd cheated and whatever he did now, he couldn't change the fact. "What if Mr. Adler thought I stole this morning's questions too?" Hector thought. "He'd take away my Room Five victory for sure." Little did he know that one of the best days in his life would be turned into the worst so quickly. Torn by his conscience, Hector was totally at a loss what to do.

Para 1: Before he realized it, Hector found himself standing in Mr. Adler's room.

Para 2: The next day the entire school came to watch the Fifth Grade Geography Bee.

注意：

1．续写词数应为150左右；

2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Before he realized it, Hector found himself standing in Mr. Adler's room.

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The next day the entire school came to watch the Fifth Grade Geography Bee.

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1．描述这首诗所呈现的景象，解释诗歌的含义；

2．说明诗中所蕴含的作者的思想感情并阐述你的感受。

注意：

1．写作词数应为80左右；

2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Dear Peter,

I'm glad to receive your letter where you asked me about a Tang poem — Sympathy for Farmers.

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Yours,

Li Hua

No matter how bad my mood is, the delicious rice pudding is always enough (lift) my spirits. In its broadest sense, comfort food refers to any food makes us feel better. They often make up for bad feelings by (help) us recall happy memories of the people, things or places we love. And they usually vary from person to person, (depend) on our own unique experiences that have (shape) our lives. When we link a food with positive emotions, it will cheer us when we eat it again. Each person's comfort food (large) depends on where they come from. Comfort food can also take us back to our (culture) roots, giving us the "taste of home" that we cry out for and (relieve) feelings of homesickness. They always make us happy by building an emotional bond with our happy (memory).

It started out5 enough. I was just searching for some information online when I6 a social networking site. Soon I became7 to my new-found electronic friend, began to spend more time on YouTube, and even became enslaved by Facebook and Twitter. Never in my8 dreams had I thought about the day when I was so focused on the glowing screen before me. As time passed, it even came to a9 where I chose to lock myself in my room, refusing to engage in family discussions. Soon, my sleep was10 to only scattered (分散的) naps, and my study suffered.

It was about this time that my parents started their11 . I was asked to reduce my use of the Internet. Hard as I tried, I was unable to pull myself away, unable to12 my chat sessions and concentrate on my lessons. I was13 for just another click and another look at my message board. Then one day, my father took away my laptop. I complained but to no avail (无济于事).

Over time, I realized that Dad and Mom had always wanted the best for me. That was when I decided to14 my Internet addiction. Quitting was harder than I had expected. But with dogged15 , I knew that I would turn over a new leaf.

However, a team states that at least one-third of European plant species could be in trouble because more than one-third of seed-dispersing animal species are ranked as threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) or are decreasing in numbers, which could harm the ability of plants to expand their range to cope with climate change or recover after wildfire. For example, the garden warbler, a common migratory bird that spreads the seeds of 60 plant species, is declining across Europe.

Although the study does not detail how the crisis is affecting ecosystems in that IUCN assessments haven't yet been conducted for 67% of the plant species, researchers did find that more than 60% of the plants had five or fewer animals that eat and distribute their seeds, which could make them particularly sensitive to the decline or disappearance of any of these critical seed dispersers.

And some plants do seem to be in big trouble. The authors came up with a list of nearly 80 "very high concern" interactions, in which both the plant and the animal are threatened or declining. "We need to make sure we're looking after the dispersers that are doing a lot of the work," Andy says, "Despite the massive data set, much remains unknown about the extent of the problem. It's a mystery which animals move the seeds of some rare plants, for instance - in spite of centuries of natural history observations in Europe." Even for common, well-studied species, it's not always apparent which dispersers are most important and whether other species might take over if they were to decline or disappear. There are some similar cases on other continents, too, including North America. But the picture there is even less clear.

"It could have been worse," I reminded myself as she cried all the way to the doctor's office. Luckily, four days after the accident, Julia felt better. At her appointment, her doctor cleared her to resume normal activities, including driving. But I could tell by her look that she had no intention of getting behind the wheel.

Later that day, I sat with Julia as she spoke on the phone with our insurance agent. On the phone, she was professional, telling the agent what had happened in a clear, brief way. I realized she sounded like an adult. And adults drive cars. I realized that no matter how I felt about it, allowing Julia to give in to her fear wasn't good for her. When she hung up, I hugged her. "You're stronger than you think," I said. "And tomorrow you're going to drive my car and meet your friends for lunch. You just have to push through the fear and do it, and it will get easier each time you do." I ignored the fear in her eyes and the way my heart   sped up when I thought about Julia behind the wheel again.

The next day, Julia drove my car to meet her friends. As I watched her leave, I felt nervous and proud. She texted me when she got to the restaurant, and I felt my heart rate return to normal. The tears I'd been holding back all week flooded my eyes. Watching her leave the house without me for the first time since the accident was frightening, but it was also necessary.

Andy Warhol said, "In the future, everyone will be world-famous for 15 minutes." Soon, the phrase "fifteen minutes of fame" became a standard promise. Like most people, I never really expected to have even a few seconds of many people's wonderful attention. And then it happened.

We were aboard the big ship, the National Geographic Explorer, on a trip to Antarctica. The ship carried many passengers and crew members. Excitement filled the air as we witnessed huge pieces of ice and snow covered mountains.

Motor-driven boats took us across the frozen sea so we could climb snowy mountain ranges and watch unique animals. In the following days, we relaxed in the beautiful White Continent. Then one morning, we saw a sign announcing an open invitation to all passengers, "Polar Plunge (跳水) at 12:30. You're welcome to participate in the wonderful and meaningful event for fun, physical health, charity and also courage building."

My husband and I were surprised at the sign. His face brightened, showing he wanted to have a try, but I had panic. Many reasons for not doing such a silly act clicked through my mind. "No way," I said. "For starters, we're a little too old. The water is freezing. Heights terrify me. In simple language, I'm a coward."

My words didn't weaken my husband's enthusiasm. "Moreover," I continued,"it means I'd have to wear a swimsuit in public with many people staring at my fat, old body. "We'll never have another chance," he just smiled, "and it's for charity how meaningful that is!" My determination gradually weakened. My hearty "No way" gave way to a weak "Maybe". Finally, I gathered my courage and said, "Okay. Let's go for it."

After medical workers carefully checked our physical condition, we wore our swimsuits, and gathered at the diving board with the other participants. A brave teen wished to be first in line. The remaining few ranged in age from energetic young people to middle-aged adults joking and laughing. My husband and I were visibly the ancient, senior citizens of the group. Volunteers stayed on the lifeboats below to ensure all participants' safety.

注意：

1.续写词数应为150个左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

We waited for our turn to come.

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Then, my husband and I rushed to float to the surface.

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1.作品描述；

2.创作缘由。

注意：

1.写作词数应为80个左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Hello, everyone!

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Ancient book restoration, a delicate and time-honored craft in China. It plays a key role in (preserve) the nation's written heritage — a legacy that carries the (wise) of scholars and artists over millennia. For centuries, restorers have worked to repair old, damaged books, many of are hundreds of years old and at risk of being lost.

The process of restoring an ancient book demands technical skill and cultural understanding. First, restorers clean the pages to remove dirt and mold. Then, they repair (tear) pages using special paper that matches original in color and texture. This work requires great patience-restorers often spend weeks or even months on a single book. is special about Chinese book restoration is its respect for the historical artifact (it). Restorers try to make as few changes as possible, ensuring that the book's original appearance and content are left undamaged.

Today, young people are joining this field. They learn from master restorers and also use modern technology, digital scanning, to carry out their work accurately. In recent years, with (interact) displays, restored book exhibitions (inspire) more people to care about protecting cultural relics. This craft not only saves old books but also passes on the spirit of preserving history, a value that has been cherished by Chinese people for generations.

As soon as Jones put the glasses on, he appeared to be immediately2. He initially smiled and laughed, but he3 moments later. He then walked around the classroom excitedly,4 the now vivid colors around him.

"I was feeling joy that I could5 see all this color... and a little bit of6 that I couldn't see color my whole life," Jonathan told ABC news.

The boy's mother posted a(n)7 of Jonathan seeing color for the first time online and started a GoFundMe campaign to buy a pair of the unique glasses for Jonathan, which reportedly cost $350. However, so many people were8 by Jonathan's story, and the campaign actually ended up9 more than $ 25,000.

She wrote "After posting the video, we've been touched by how many10 people have wanted to help him. We've had11 pairs donated to Jonathan and will use 100% of donated funds to purchase color blind glasses for those who can't   12 them." "The glasses company will13 every pair we purchase with a free pair, which doubles the number of people we can14," she continued.

For Jonathan, with the new glasses comes a new15 of the world. He said his favorite color is blue and he's excited to visit the Caribbean this winter so he can see the ocean in all its glory.

The key to staying safe in a crowd begins as soon as you arrive at the location, says Randy Atlas, a safety consultant based in Fort Lauderdale. It's a piece of common sense advice that Atlas applies not just at big events, but even when entering almost any room.

If there's a sudden panic and crowds begin to push in a certain direction, your instinct (本能) may be to fight back and push the opposite way. If you go against the flow, you increase your chances of getting tripped and knocked down. Another risk, according to experts: If you fight the crowd, you will tire yourself out quickly in a situation where energy is needed.

As you move forward with the crowd, it's best to move in a diagonal (对角线的) direction so you can potentially angle your way out of the situation. The goal is to get to the edge of the stampede where it's less likely that you'll end up stuck at a choke-point, like a doorway.

Look for a solid structure to stand behind such as a pillar or a wall. Other places to duck: behind a car or even a lamp post.

In many stampede events, people die simply because they are crushed to the point they can't breathe. But a possible way to avoid this is to place your arms in front of you, almost in a boxer-like position. That could give you some very valuable breathing room — literally.

A. Another potential way is to shelter yourself.

B. But that could be a big mistake, Atlas warns.

C. In this case, you don't necessarily have to wait and let time slip by.

D. Namely, to take note of where the nearest exits are.

E. It's a simple pose, but surprisingly effective and possibly life-saving.

F. Other events, such as a Halloween gathering, are likely to turn deadly.

G. Indeed it's a frightening situation and circumstances may make it impossible to escape.

Modern parents have access to the internet and social media for ideal parenting advice and tips. There are also numerous parenting groups for different age groups on social media that parents can join. A parent can post questions from how to manage the constant cries of an infant to how to talk to a moody teenager, and chances are, the parent will be flooded instantly with advice and relevant articles. The availability of resources has helped modern parents to be more involved and supportive of their children's development, academically, emotionally and socially. Modern parents are also keener to find out about effective parenting methods to raise disciplined and confident children.

Meanwhile, one of modern parenting styles, helicopter parenting, arises. When parents become over-involved, over-concerned and over-controlling, they start helping children with what they are capable of on their own, for example, selecting activities and friends for them. Such a parenting style can restrict the children's ability to handle responsibilities independently. Children might be ill-equipped with life skills such as operating a stove or monitoring their schoolwork. Overprotecting children from failures may also be prevented from developing resilience (韧性) and acquiring skills like problem-solving.

On the other hand, parents in the past tended to supervise (监管) less. Children were given more control over how they managed their schoolwork and the friends they chose to play with. They were often expected to shoulder the responsibilities of caring for younger siblings and managing household chores. Living in the preinternet era, parents were less informed about different parenting approaches and personalities.

There is no one right way to raise a child and there is no need to doubt about the best parenting style. Each child is unique and should be raised differently by parents who are present, but not hovering (盘旋);who are supportive but not controlling; and who protect but not spoil.

Many are familiar with the potentially deadly dangers posed by lightning, which is blamed for an average of 43 deaths in the United States each year, based on data from 1989 to 2018. Although the odds of being struck are quite low-1 in 1, 222, 000 in a given year and 1 in 15, 300 in a lifetime many in the weather community have long urged people to take proper precautions to stay safe in storms. However, the researchers recently uncovered a surprising and beneficial impact of lightning.

The study, which included contributions from nine atmospheric researchers across a dozen universities, was based on an airborne research flight conducted by a NASA DC-8 storm-chasing plane in 2012. Researchers initially thought there was a problem with the equipment on the plane, which was being used to measure the hydroxyl radicals (羟基自由基) in the atmosphere until they realized increases they observed corresponded with lightning flashes, ABC News reported.

Hydroxyl radicals, described as a "chemical scavenger (清洗剂) " by Science Direct, are important chemical compounds found in the atmosphere due to the reactive nature with other organic molecules (分子). Researchers previously understood that lightning could help to clean the atmosphere, but there was no evidence that it could generate compounds like these radicals. "No one has seen that much in the atmosphere from natural processes, ever," Brune said. As a result, the study estimates that somewhere between 2% and 16% of the oxidizing (氧化), or cleaning that happens naturally in the Earth's atmosphere, is done by lightning.

Why is this significant? The oxidation process helps to reduce chemicals like carbon monoxide and methane in the atmosphere. These chemicals, known for being greenhouse gases, have been proven to contribute to rising temperatures associated with climate change. Researchers say that more studies will need to be conducted to verify the degree to which lightning contributes to the fight against global climate change.