高中英语人教版（2019）-试题列表-第119页

1、阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Reverse psychology is part of a phenomenon of psychology called "reactance" (逆反). "The idea of reactance is that people are deeply motivated to protect their freedoms," says Jeff Greenberg, a professor of social psychology at the University of Arizona.

When people feel that their freedom is threatened for example, they think someone is taking away their ability to make their own choices—they react against that threat. Thus, they may feel angry or defensive and try to reverse the threat. Essentially, reverse psychology takes advantage of a person's reactance. Take, for example, a kid who won't eat his carrot. When a parent says, "You can't eat the carrot", suddenly, eating it becomes more appealing to the kid.

However, this strategy doesn't always work. Greenberg notes that it works best on people who are more prone (易于) to reactance, such as those who are short-tempered, stubborn, or emotional. On the contrary, more agreeable and obedient people tend to be less prone. "There's also some limited evidence that men are a little more prone to reactance than women," he adds.

The effectiveness of reverse psychology also varies with age. Between the ages of two and four, children can be more emotional and more rebellious, so they are more susceptible (易受影响的) to this approach. But by the age of four, kids generally become better behaved and less likely to lose their temper, which means they become less susceptible to this technique. Similarly, during adolescence, when teens often challenge parental authority, reverse psychology can be effective, as teens may tend to do the opposite of what is suggested.

Younger kids, who are less cognitively developed, might not notice when parents use reverse psychology, while adults are more likely to see through it. "Attempts to use reverse psychology on adults can fail," Greenberg says. "They may resist being controlled, leading to the opposite effect. But there's no reason to say it won't work on adults. It just has to be very subtle."

(1)、According to Jeff Greenberg, what is the primary reason for reactance?

A、Defending freedom. B、Gaining attention. C、Avoiding making choices. D、Handling possible threats.

(2)、What is the author's purpose in mentioning "carrot" in paragraph 2?

A、To prove that children universally dislike carrots. B、To argue parents should never tell their children what to do. C、To demonstrate reverse psychology can influence behaviors. D、To explain why reverse psychology is a popular parenting strategy.

(3)、Who is more likely to be influenced by reverse psychology?

A、A good tempered 4-year-old girl. B、A rule-following 6-year-old child. C、A calm and agreeable 30-year-old woman. D、An authority-challenging 15-year-old boy.

(4)、Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A、Reverse Psychology: Strategies and Outcomes B、The Psychology of Reactance: Why We Resist C、Reverse Psychology: What It Is and Who It Works On D、The Psychology of Reactance: Ways to Control People's Behaviour

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