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1、 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Ramirez Castañeda, a Colombian biologist, spends her time in the Amazon studying how snakes eat poisonous frogs without getting ill. Although her findings come in many shapes and sizes, she and her colleagues have struggled to get their biological discoveries out to the wider scientific community. With Spanish as her mother tongue, her research had to be translated into English to be published. That wasn't always possible because of budget or time-and it means that some of her findings were never published.
"It's not that I'm a bad scientist," she says. "It's just because of the language."
Castañeda is not alone. There is plenty of research in non-English-language papers that gets lost in translation, or is never translated. A research looked through more than 400, 000 peer-reviewed papers in 16 different languages and found 1, 234 studies providing evidence on biodiversity conservation which, because they weren't in English, may have been overlooked. These included Japanese-language findings on the effectiveness of relocating the endangered Blakiston's fish owl, the largest owl species.
Some experts argue that for the sake of the bigger picture, scientific knowledge should converge (转换) into one common language. Science is very globalised and becoming more so, so the use of a global language is enormous for that.
Of course, scientists can work with an English partner, or use a translator-but this ultimately strengthens the cycle of dependency on the global north, leading to inequality in international influence. The specific meanings of words can also pose a problem in translation. For example, it is difficult to find in English one single word to describe forest snakes and frogs in the work Castafieda does with indigenous (土著的) communities in the Amazon.
"So we're losing observations for science, too, " says Castañeda. "For me, it's not possible to just have everything translated into English. We need multilingual ( 多语种的) science, and we need people that feel comfortable doing science in their own languages. It could be possible to switch to a world where, say, Chinese, English and Spanish are the three languages of science, just as English, French and German were the languages of science in the 19th century."
(1)、What prevented Castañeda's discoveries from being more widely known?A、Poor management. B、Opposition from her colleagues. C、Her bad reputation. D、The language barrier.(2)、What's the consequence of the dominant focus on English in scientific research?A、Inefficient wildlife conservation. B、A knowledge gap in the scientific world. C、A growing interest in non-English papers. D、Inadequate job opportunities for translators.(3)、What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning forest snakes and frogs?A、The urgency to protect rare species. B、The need to adopt one global language. C、The challenges in translating scientific texts. D、The biodiversity on the South American continent.(4)、What is presented in the last paragraph of the text?A、A potential solution. B、A theoretical model. C、A popular belief. D、A global trend. -
2、 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Whenever I order food for delivery, I play a little game to guess how many sets of tableware(餐具)the restaurant will provide with my meal. Sometimes restaurants will throw in two, three or four sets for just one order. But I rarely need any tableware at all, and the waste goes into the trash or collects dust in a kitchen drawer.
Researchers working with Chinese technology group Alibaba tried a simple approach to this problem. Instead of just wastefully doling out tableware, the company required food-delivery customers in some cities in China to pick how many sets of tableware they wanted to receive. The default (默认设置)was set at zero. The result, published today in the journal Science, was a 638% increase in the share of no-tableware orders. If applied across China, researchers found, the approach would save nearly 22 billion sets of plastic tableware. The study doesn't cover carbon emissions, but it's safe to say that the impact would be significant. It struck me as a useful reminder of the many low-hanging fruits across the economy that can cut waste, and emissions.
Nudging its customers cost Alibaba nothing more than a few hours of software engineering time and the impact it brought was immense. The concept of nudging comes from the field of behavioral economics known as nudge theory. It suggests that a slight action can encourage good human behavior without the need for policies that limit choice or economic punishment that raises the cost of bad behavior. To nudge customers to eat better, for example, a restaurant might organize its menu by listing healthy options first and bury unhealthy ones at the bottom. More recently, some big companies like Google have also begun to use nudges to advance climate objectives.
Behavioral economics broadly, and nudges more specifically, aren't without controversy. Some might think it assigns consumers responsibility for addressing environmental challenges. But there is another way to look at it. In the absence of necessary policy—and policy is needed 一companies can help encourage a widespread shift of consumer behavior.
And all of that behavioral change can add up. The International Energy Agency found in 2021 that small behavioral changes in energy consumption such as walking instead of driving and adjusting the thermostat could in total shave off 4% of global emissions. The more that companies can do to facilitate such changes, the better.
(1)、What did Alibaba do with tableware waste?A、It stopped restaurants from handing out tableware. B、It withdrew unused tableware from customers. C、It updated the food -delivery device regularly. D、It allowed picking tableware at customers' demand.(2)、What do the underlined words "low-hanging fruits" mean in paragraph 2?A、Easily accessible things. B、Fast increasing orders. C、Exceptionally tough choices. D、Widely accepted strategies.(3)、What can we learn about nudge theory from paragraph 3?A、It brings about economic loss. B、It results from consumption policies. C、It indicates small action changes behaviour. D、It implies bad behaviour impacts economy.(4)、What is the main idea of the text?A、Nudge theory affects behaviors. B、Good behaviors boost economy. C、Nudging helps build a greener world. D、Behavioral economics benefits customers. -
3、阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A rising star from Virginia has secured the title of "America's Top Young Scientist" for his groundbreaking creation — a bar of soap designed to battle against skin cancer. At just 14 years old, Heman Bekele emerged as the victor of the 2023 Young Scientist Challenge, standing out among the ten finalists with his innovative creation known as the Skin Cancer Treating Soap (SCTS).
Bekele's brilliant concept centers on the development of a soap that is not only affordable, but also has the potential to reactivate the body's natural defenders of the skin to stop skin cancer. In Bekele's own words, "Curing cancer, one bar of soap at a time. "He always has endless passion for biology and technology, and the Young Scientist Challenge just provided him with the perfect platform to display his ideas. Reflecting on his inspiration, Bekele shared that his childhood played a significant role in shaping his innovative thinking. Having witnessed people work tirelessly under the sun, he couldn't help but wonder how many were aware of the risks associated with constant sun exposure.
"I wanted to make my idea not only scientifically exceptional but also accessible to a broad audience," Bekele expressed during an interview with the media. He received invaluable guidance from Deborah Isabelle, a product engineering specialist, who connected him with other scientists to aid him in reaching his ambitious plans.
During his presentation, Bekele passionately expressed his vision of turning the soap into "a symbol of hope, accessibility, and a world where skin cancer treatment is within reach for all."
Over the coming five years, Bekele longs to perfect his invention and establish a nonprofit organization devoted to distributing his innovative creation to more places including undeveloped communities, offering hope and a practical solution in the fight against skin cancer.
(1)、What made Bekele an instant hit?A、Starting a soap fashion. B、Overcoming skin cancer. C、Being the youngest scientist. D、Creating a soap against skin cancer.(2)、What inspired Bekele to invent SCTS?A、His concern for others. B、His adventure in childhood. C、His enthusiasm for technology. D、His interest in medical knowledge.(3)、What will Bekele do in the near future?A、Obtain official approval. B、Visit undeveloped areas. C、Increase the availability of the soap. D、Update the facilities of production.(4)、Which of the following can best describe Bekele?A、Inspiring and modest. B、Humorous and positive. C、Creative and considerate. D、Curious and independent. -
4、 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Between 1901 and 2023, the Nobel Prizes and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences were awarded 621 times to 1,000 people and organizations. With some receiving the Nobel Prize more than once, this makes a total of 965 individuals and 27 organizations. Below, you can view the full list of 2023 Nobel Prizes and Nobel Prize winners.
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2023
Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz and Anne L'Huillier "for experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses (脉冲) of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter"
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2023
Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman "for their discoveries concerning DNA that enabled the development of effective vaccines (疫苗) against COVID-19"
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2023
Moungi G. Bawendi, Louis E. Brus and Alexei I. Ekimov "for the discovery and combination of quantum dots (量子点)"
The Nobel Prize in Literature 2023
Jon Fosse "for his innovative works which give voice to the unsayable"
The Nobel Peace Prize 2023
Narges Mohammadi "for her fight against the unfair and cruel treatment of women in Iran and her fight to promote human rights and freedom for all"
The Noble Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences 2023
Claudia Goldin "for having advanced our understanding of women's labour market outcomes"
For further information, you can click here.
(1)、Whose achievement directly contributes to people's heath?A、Pierre Agostini. B、Katalin Karikó. C、AlexeiI. Ekimov. D、Jon Fosse.(2)、What do the last two winners have in common?A、They make breakthroughs in scientific field. B、They show concern for women's condition. C、They conduct their research in Asian countries. D、They fight for the freedom of working women.(3)、Where is the article probably taken from?A、A science website. B、A literary magazine. C、A research paper. D、A science textbook. -
5、 听录音,回答问题。(1)、What do humans think of fire?A、Fire is God's gift. B、People hate fire in all aspects. C、Fire can make people comfortable in winter.(2)、What causes many big fires?A、War. B、Terrorism. C、Carelessness.(3)、When did the big fire happen in London?A、In the 1600s. B、In the 1700s. C、In the 1800s.(4)、Which city burned in 64 A.D.?A、Moscow. B、Rome. C、Munich.
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6、 听录音,回答问题。(1)、From whom did the man first know about art?A、His college teachers. B、His friends. C、His uncle.(2)、In whose works did the man find a sense of freedom?A、Tom Jackson's. B、Andy Wells'. C、His uncle's.(3)、In which aspect has the man succeeded?A、Having his own style. B、Mastering Chinese paintings. C、Holding art exhibitions.(4)、Which place does the man plan to go first?A、America. B、Japan. C、China.
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7、 听录音,回答问题。(1)、What does the man think of his job now?A、Challenging. B、Interesting. C、Tiring.(2)、When will the man be free?A、On Thursday. B、On Saturday. C、On Sunday.(3)、What can we learn from the conversation?A、The woman is good at surfing. B、The woman often works on Saturdays. C、The woman always sleeps in on weekends.
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8、 听录音,回答问题。(1)、What can we learn from the conversation?A、Google wants to replace all drivers with computers. B、Google wants to research sleep patterns. C、Google wants to make trucking more efficient.(2)、What's the woman's opinion about trucks?A、Human drivers react quicker than machines. B、Many accidents involve regular trucks. C、Many jobs might disappear with self-driving trucks.
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9、 听录音,回答问题。(1)、What did the man do on the weekend?A、He took photographs. B、He went camping with friends. C、He checked his Facebook.(2)、What does the woman suggest in the end?A、The man should go more camping. B、Life could be fun without social media. C、Family activities are very important.
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10、 Where does the conversation probably take place?A、At a bus stop. B、At an airport. C、At a restaurant.
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11、 What happened to the woman yesterday?A、She gave her friend a lift. B、She caught a train home. C、Her car broke down.
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12、 What will the woman do?A、Teach the kids to play soccer. B、Do Sally a favor. C、Pick up the man's medicine.
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13、 What's the probable relationship between the speakers?A、Nurse and patient. B、Colleagues. C、Friends.
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14、 Why does the woman come so early?A、To practice her story. B、To prepare for the exam. C、To tell the man about her story.
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15、 第二节 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My knees started shaking, yet my body froze; it felt as though my soul departed (离开) my body and I had no control over it. Anxiously, I looked through the name list posted on the wall of the locker room; my heart was beating harder and harder as I slowly saw all my friends' names on that list but could not find mine. John, Bryce, Ro, I thought, everybody is on here except me. At that moment, I froze; I just could not accept that all my friends were on the basketball team but I was not.
I was so convinced there was a mistake that I went and found the coach. "Hey coach, are you sure that the name list you posted is correct?" I asked anxiously.
"Yes. Sorry if you did not make it this year. There is always next year," the coach replied without the slightest bit of regret.
I could feel the hot, bitter tears building in my eyes, and I ran out of the room as fast as I could. As soon as I walked out, I saw my friends crowding into the locker room to look at the team list. I heard them shouting and laughing as I slowly walked away, every one of them jumping around with excitement after seeing that they made the team.
I felt dead inside,like nothing mattered. I trudged (步履艰难) through the rest of school; walking was such a burden that it felt as if I had a 100-pound weight tied to my backpack. My mind was also blank for the rest of the school day; everything my teachers said went in one ear and out the other.
After school, as I walked to the parking lot to get picked up, I saw all my friends gathered near the back of the lot,celebrating and joking around. I detoured (绕道) around the side of the school to avoid them, trying not to think about being one of the only people in our friend group to not make the team.
注意:(1)续写词数应为150左右。(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I saw my father's red car pull up near the school lot.
After almost a year of training, I tried out for my seventh-grade team.
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16、 第一节书面表达
昨天你参观了学校举办的学生国画作品展。请给校英文报写一篇宣传稿,内容包括:(1)展览时间、地点;(2)观展感受;(3)推荐观展。
注意:(1)词数80左右;(2)可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
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17、 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案 填写在答题纸的相应位置。
Bees are disappearing. But does it (real) matter if bees disappear? Are they so important to our environment? The short answer is, yes, it does matter and yes, they are important. Bees fly around from flower to flower, (look) for pollen (花粉). They use these to produce honey, is food for their colonies. But at the same time, the bees help to move pollen from one flower to another. This process (call) pollination (授粉). Pollination means that the flowers can create seeds and new flowers. bees, many flowers can't make seeds or fruit. In fact, bees are responsible for the pollination of one (three) of all the plants which we eat. A single hive (蜂箱) with 50,000 honeybees can pollinate 500,000 plants in one day! Imagine world with no apples, carrots, onions, strawberries or, of course, honey. That's a world with no bees.
So, are the bees disappearing? Scientists think that there are several possible reasons, including climate change, disease and pesticides.
But it's not all bad news. Primary schools, businesses, universities and community centres are now setting up their own hives. They enjoy the delicious honey and at the same time they know that they (help) to look after some of the most important (insect) on the planet.
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18、 阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
About six months ago I got an unexpected package. The return address was a latitude(纬度) and a longitude(经度). Inside was an envelope that had a bunch of1 paper towels. They were covered with2 . I had no idea what it was all about3 I began to read the paper towels carefully, which all brought back my4 .
At 18, I went to college and got a part-time job in a5 . My coworkers were some guys who had been working for too long and felt6 , so they came up with some jokes to make fun of me. But there was a lab assistant named Howie, who started defending me7 them. My dad had been in the army and taught me cryptograms(密码). So, I loved to send8 messages to Howie on these paper towels. Now, he'd9 them for 62 years.
How could I get in touch with him with this10 address? After Googling it with great efforts, I11 it! I sent a letter to him, and got a postcard back, saying, "Nicer than nice to hear from you."
Then we started corresponding. We shared happiness and sorrow in the past years. That's12 he has gradually changed my life. I almost13 after my husband and daughter died, but what he did has brought me14 . He introduced to me a sweet passion to face my life and gave me back a sense of self-worth. Our friendship is magical to be15 after over six decades!
(1)A 、 blank B 、 new C 、 old D 、 tidy(2)A 、 words B 、 codes C 、 notes D 、 lines(3)A 、 once B 、 after C 、 when D 、 until(4)A 、 memories B 、 interests C 、 promises D 、 misfortunes(5)A 、 dormitory B 、 laboratory C 、 library D 、 company(6)A 、 relaxed B 、 sick C 、 bored D 、 excited(7)A 、 against B 、 among C 、 with D 、 for(8)A 、 simple B 、 secret C 、 fancy D 、 random(9)A 、 sent B 、 lost C 、 learnt D 、 kept(10)A 、 exact B 、 tricky C 、 funny D 、 abrupt(11)A 、 missed B 、 skipped C 、 named D 、 made(12)A 、 because B 、 how C 、 when D 、 where(13)A 、 dropped off B 、 broke down C 、 cheered up D 、 turned away(14)A 、 health B 、 warmth C 、 growth D 、 wealth(15)A 、 reformed B 、 repaired C 、 resisted D 、 refreshed -
19、 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中,选出最佳选项
In English, the object on your face that smells things is called "nose", and you can describe it as "big". The popular belief among language scientists had been that sounds used to form those words were arbitrary. But new work led by Damian Blasi, a professor from the University of Zurich, suggests that may not be true — and that the same sounds may be used in words for the same concepts across many different languages.
The research team focused on words for 100 basic concepts in 85% of the world's living languages, including the names of body parts, such as "bone" and "ear", and natural phenomena, like "leaf" and "star". Verbs, including "bite", the pronouns "I", "you" and "we", and descriptive words such as "red", were also studied.
The researchers understood that some words would be similar because they have a common history. Others, including "sugar", "tea" and "coffee", have similar-sounding names in different languages because they are traded goods. The people exchanging them were thus exposed to each other and strongly motivated to make themselves understood. But even when keeping these in mind, the team found a lot more consistency across languages than they had expected. For example, the words for "nose" often involve either an "n" sound or an "oo" sound in almost any language. Employing an "s" sound in the words for "sand" is similarly common. There must be some deeper reasons.
The research team made several assumptions. One is that some objects have names whose sounds bring them to mind, a sort of "sound symbolism". Employing an "n" sound to name a nose would be one example. Another is that sensory associations play a role. Studies have found that people routinely associate darker colors with lower sounds and lighter colors with higher ones. But there might be a clearer possibility — expediency. "Huh" is a word that has been found to be remarkably similar across languages. "It's cheap, short and understandable," says Dr Blasi — convenient for something you might say hundreds of times a day.
(1)、What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A、The research purpose. B、The research subject. C、The research result. D、The research problem.(2)、What does "these" refer to in Paragraph 3?A、The similar-sounding names. B、The traded goods. C、The recognized factors. D、The deep reasons.(3)、What does the underlined word "expediency" mean in the last paragraph?A、Annoyance. B、Convenience. C、Accuracy. D、Fluency.(4)、Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A、Why words have different sounds B、How sounds change in language C、Are sounds arbitrary in language D、Do words have sound symbolism -
20、 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中,选出最佳选项
People only contact their insurers when things go wrong and they need to make a claim. This generally means losses for the insurer. It also means stress and troubles for the customer. In order to relieve both problems, insurers increasingly offer extra services alongside their traditional policies.
Aviva, a British insurer, for instance, installs sensors on customers' water pipes to detect very small leaks, so that these can be repaired before causing greater damage. This spares Aviva the cost of a bigger claim, and the customer the misfortune of a flooded basement.
Life insurers have so far been slower to catch on. But this is changing. Often extra services help people to live more healthily. AXA, a French insurer, gives its customers access to check-ups. Union Life, a Chinese one, guarantees customers a place in an old people's home and advises them on activities in retirement.
Last month, Haven Life, an American life-insurance agency, announced it would include a set of extra services for its customers. That makes it a pioneer on its home market as its new policy fits neatly into the global trend. Its extra services centre on health. For instance, customers also get discounts on family-health services at some clinics, and access to a genetic health test. Now more and more American life insurers have joined it. Ladder, a life-insurance startup, offers some help on financial planning through an online tool. State Farm, a large American insurer, gives customers a discount on in-home sensors that monitor old people's health.
These services are not in short of demand. A survey by Bain & Company finds that American consumers have very similar preferences to other parts of the world on the sorts of services they want from life insurers. But America is not a friendly place for innovative insurers. New policies must be approved by each of its 50 state authorities. Some states' laws are too inflexible, and do not allow for such extra benefits. Even when an offering suits insurers and their customers, it can still take time to spread.
(1)、Why do more and more insurers provide customers with extra services?A、To help with the repair work. B、To earn a greater reputation. C、To prevent greater losses. D、To make customers relaxed.(2)、Why does the writer mention "AXA" and "Union Life" in Paragraph 3?A、To draw people's attention to keeping healthy. B、To urge life insurers to provide more services. C、To explain why life insurers develop slowly. D、To show the changes in life insurers' services.(3)、What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about concerning American life insurance?A、The new trend on its market. B、The new leader of its industry. C、The quality of its new services. D、The future of its new policy.(4)、What is preventing life insurers' new policies from spreading in America?A、Consumers' preferences. B、Customers' demands. C、Some states' rigid laws. D、Extra services' quality.