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Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519), painter, sculptor (雕塑家), architect and inventor, is probably the most talented person who ever lived. His most famous painting, the Mona Lisa, sits in the Louvre Museum (卢浮宫), is one of the great art attractions of the world.

The Mona Lisa is famous for the mysterious smile the woman's face. What is the reason for her smile? Some believe that the Mona Lisa is actually a portrait (肖像) of Da Vinci (he)! This is because some of her (face) features are similar to those in one of Da Vinci's self-portraits. They might suggest that the smile is because Da Vinci knows the (true)—where we see a woman, what he painted was a man. Others might suggest she smiles because she has lost her (tooth)! We will never know for sure, but it is fun to guess!

Mona Lisa didn't always sit behind the glass in the Louvre. In 1911 the painting (steal). Many were called in for questioning, (include) the now famous Spanish artist Pablo Picasso. (lucky), two years after the theft, it was discovered. People are now more careful to protect this precious work of art.

By Thanksgiving, she had collected only $49. I said, "You can pick one from my bicycle3." "Thanks, Daddy. But your bikes are so4." She was right. All my bikes for girls were 1980s models, not the kind a kid today would likely5.

As Christmas6 near, Emily and I went bike shopping. As we left one store, she7 a Salvation Army (救世军) volunteer standing next to a big pot. "Can we give them something, Daddy?" she asked. "Sorry, Em, I'm out of8."

Throughout December, Emily   9 to work hard. Then one day, she made a surprising   10. "You know all the money I've been saving?" she said, paused for a while, and then said, "I'm going to give it all to the poor people." So one cold morning before Christmas, Emily handed her total savings of $69 to a volunteer who was really very thankful.

11 by Emily's selflessness, I decided to12   one my old bicycles to a car dealer who was collecting used bikes for poor children.13 I selected a shiny model from my collection, however, it seemed as if a14 bike took on a glow (发光). Should I contribute two? No! One would be enough! But I still couldn't15 the feeling that I should give another bike. Later, when I16 the bikes, the car dealer (车商) said, "You're making two kids very happy, sir. Here are your tickets. For each bicycle we receive from the17 people, we're giving away one chance to18 a girls' mountain bike."

Why wasn't I surprised when that second ticket proved to be the winner? I like to think it was a way of19 a little girl for a sacrifice beyond her years — while giving her dad a20 in the process.

Study Alone. Unless you've got a couple of friends who are super-serious about getting down to business, stay away from group study because they may get off-topic pretty quickly.

The place where you study should be quiet, comfortable and free from distractions. Go to your room, close the door and kill as many distractions as possible — like music, television, and even the internet and your phone. If you don't have your own room, consider studying at the library instead.

Eat healthy while you study. If you want to stay sharp while you study, stay away from junk food (垃圾食品). Instead, take studying-friendly foods like dark leafy greens, whole grains, milk, and seafood. They won't help you in the long run. You can instead eat a banana or an apple.

Study all term long. You may always wish to put off studying till the last minute, especially if you tell yourself that anything you try to memorize earlier on won't really stay in your brain. That's not true. Take some time throughout the term to review all of your notes and re-read important passages in your textbook.

A. Get everything you need.

B. Create a perfect study area.

C. Say no to caffeine or energy drinks.

D. Having trouble getting serious about studying for a test?

E. Save the social time till after you've handed in your test.

F. Having no idea what to expect in your first year of high school?

G. It might seem boring, but it'll really keep all those facts in your brain on test day.

The teens took memory tests twice, one year apart. Nearly 700 Swiss teens took part in a test of figural memory. This type helps us remember abstract (抽象的) symbols and shapes, explains Milena Foerster. Each time, they had one minute to remember 13 pairs of abstract shapes. Then they were shown one item from each pair and asked to match it with one of the five choices. The study volunteers also took a test of verbal memory. That's the ability to remember words. The two memory tests are part of an intelligence test.

The researchers also surveyed the teens on how they use cell phones. And they got call records from phone companies. The researchers used those records to figure out how long the teens were using their phones.

This allowed the researchers to work out how big radiation exposure (接触) each person could have got while talking.

A phone user's exposure to the radiation can differ widely. Some teens talk on their phones more than others.

People also hold their phones differently. If the phone is close to the ear, more radiation may enter the body, Foerster notes.

The teens' scores in the figural memory tests were roughly the same from one year to the next. But those who normally held their phones near the right ears, and who were also exposed to higher levels of radiation, scored a little bit worse after a year. No group of teens showed big changes on the verbal memory test. Why might one type of memory be linked to cell phone use, but not another? Foerster thinks it could have to do with where different memory centers sit in the brain. The site that deals with the ability to remember shapes is near the right ear.

Social media is not a "thing". It's not just Facebook, WeChat and Weibo. It's more of a frame of mind (心态) and a state of being. It's about how you use it to improve your relationships with other people in real life. However, we tend to rely on technology and social media so much that it can actually des troy those relationships.

Social media isn't about numbers. When someone says "social media", web giants like Facebook, Twitter, WeChat and Weibo instantly pop into our minds, often because they have more updates, more friends, more followers, more everything. As the old saying goes, quality over quantity is usually the way to go. So, social media is not just about lots of people aimlessly pushing around lots of information.

Social media needs to have an "IRL" factor——an Internet expression standing for "In Real Life". It should affect how a person thinks or acts offline. After all, social media shouldn't be an end in itself. It was built to improve your actual social life, in real life. Take for example an event that a person attends because they are invited by the host on Facebook through a Facebook event page. Something like that definitely has the IRL factor. Likewise, a WeChat photo that touches someone so much that they feel the need to bring it up and describe it to someone else during a dinner date also has the IRL factor.

In fact, there is no wall between real life and Internet life where true social media exists. Social media is not a specific place on the Internet or just a thing you use to see what other people are doing. It's all about creating meaningful experiences and relationships wherever you may be.

My taxi driver just smiled and waved at the guy. I mean, my taxi driver was friendly. So, I said, "Why did you just do that? This guy almost ruined your car and sent us to hospital!" And the following is what my taxi driver told me, which I now call "the law of the Garbage Truck".

"Many people are like garbage (垃圾) trucks. They run around full of garbage, full of anger, and full of disappointment. As their garbage piles up, they need a place to dump (倾卸) it. And if you let them, they dump it on you. When someone wants to dump on you, don't take it personally. Just smile, wave, wish him well, and move on. Believe me. You'll be happier."

So this is "The Law of the Garbage Truck". I started thinking: How often do I let "Garbage Trucks" run right over me? And how often do I take their garbage and spread it to other people at work, at home, or on the streets? It was then that I said, "I'm not going to do it any more."

I began to see "Garbage Trucks". I see the load they're carrying. I see them coming to drop it off. And like my taxi driver, I don't make it a personal thing; I just smile, wave, and move on.

Good leaders know they have to be ready for their next meeting. Good parents know that they have to welcome their children home from school with hugs and kisses. What about you? The mark of a successful person is how quickly he can get back his focus on what's important.

1.出国旅游很有意义；

2.开阔眼界,了解国外的风俗和历史；

3.和来自不同文化背景的人交朋友,学习外语

4.放松身心,欣赏美景

注意：1.词数80左右(信的开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数)；

2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

Dear Michael.

How are you? These days, I am planning to travel abroad during the vacation.

……

Yours truly,

Li Hua

On March 3, 2022, Jiang Mengnan(receive) the "Touching China" (感动中国) award for 2021. 

In 1992, Jiang Mengnan was born in Hunan. When she was six (month) old, she lost her hearing. From then on, she couldn't hear anything at all and (she) world became silent. Her parents began to teach her to read people's lips (嘴唇) and speak. It was not easy, but her parents never gave up. After a lot practice, Jiang Mengnan learned to speak. 

When Jiang Mengnan(be) old enough, she went to school. She tried to understand what the teachers said by (read) their lips. She worked very hard and overcame a lot of difficulties. She  (final) became a top student. In 2011, she got a high score in gaokao and went to Jilin University. In 2018, she was accepted by Tsinghua University as a PhD (博士) student. 

"I think I am(luck). I want to thank my parents, teachers and friends, have been helping me all the time. And best way to pay them back is to do something good for society," Jiang Mengnan said.

Tim Cameron lost his wallet. Luckily a kind man went out of his way to get his lost wallet back to  (he) in a creative manner.

Tim Cameron lost his wallet on the way home from work and person who found it got in touch with him through his bank account. He sent four transfers (转账) of £0.01 each with a reference (附注) spelling out the (intend) of contacting the person who received it.

Deeply (move) by the man, Tim Cameron shared it on Twitter. He said, "I lost my wallet on the way home from work  accident. I didn't have many things in the wallet  (indicate) my personal information, so the kind man got in touch with me through four transfers of £0.01 each with a reference up to 18 characters and  (eventual) returned my wallet to me."

The lovely tweet  (view) by more than 33,000 people. One viewer, James Dartnell, said, "It is an absolute legend,  makes me realize that there are truly good people out there. It is  (amaze) to see not everyone is untrustworthy (不可信的)."

On August 23, my son went biking in the mountain with his friends. 1 , we were waiting at home with lunch ready around noon. At 12: 15, he still didn't  2 . Then we got the  3 news that he was badly hurt when doing a relatively easy jump. 

We  4 up the mountain in the car and got him to the 5 for X- rays. We were told that one of his leg bones was broken and that he had to  6 for at least 6 weeks. My son is a (n) 7 boy, who loves soccer, biking, running, climbing, swimming, etc. When all the outdoor activities were 8 put on hold (暂停) , I taught him to regard it as a chance to 9 about the inner world. We started talking about beliefs, feelings, 10 , trust, and kindness. He was  11 used to his new life. 

My son fell because he didn't focus his attention. He told me that it was a super- easy jump so he didn't spend any time  12 . Kids may not be very focused because they are always trying to test their limits, showing off, or getting lost in their thoughts. This injury (受伤) helped our son see the  13 of focusing his mind and body. 

I would never wish an injury in anyone; yet it is an immediate way to learn how to be patient in our life. My biggest  14 has been that my son may have learned more from this injury than anything else he's gone through this year, and, hopefully, this  15 will be memorized by him forever in his life.

The freezing cold winter really prevents me from going to Beibei District, Chongqing. You really can't imagine how cold a southern China city can be until you experience a winter there.  However, while beneath three quilts (被子), I found it still first wet and then cold. Without the wetness, there will be no coldness, for which spicy (辛辣的) food has been popular since very long time ago.

 The hotness and wetness is really beyond imagination. While you are out, with shade everywhere but useless to prevent the high temperature, what you have to put up with is wetness added to hotness.  Among the famous spicy foods, hot­pot is the most preferred by both natives and newcomers from other provinces as well as foreign countries, as can be seen from the fact that Chongqing is an international city.

 As the home of beauties and bridges, it is also a charming city of mountains and rivers, of which I prefer Jialing River most with its green water running smoothly.

People there are very kind especially the old people enjoying a comfortable life either in the shade of trees swinging their fans or playing chess on a square. Living in Chongqing is not a bad choice. 

A. The steaming hot summer prevents me from going there, too.

B. The winter in Chongqing is pretty cold, which is beyond my imagination.

C. All in all, what I had experienced there really left me a deep impression.

D. I still remember when I was in Southwest University, I had to keep warm with three quilts.

E. Beauties in Chongqing are quite charming as well as knowledgeable.

F. Although it has disadvantages, Chongqing has many advantages over other cities.

G. Ancestors in Chongqing were so intelligent that they knew spicy foods could make the weather easy and enjoyable to tolerate.

Summer in Europe is very nice for us to visit one of our favourite cities for a break. Below we have put together a short list of our favourite summer break locations (地方) that offer a great balance of culture, sunshine and fun.

Berlin, the second most populous city in the European Union, gets the third place on our list. It has three famous airports: Tegel International Airport, Tempelhof International Airport, and Schonefeld International Airport. 

The capital of Germany is on this list not only because it is a fantastic place to go on holiday but also since it teaches a very important lesson to humanity (人,人性). The Berlin Wall, the better part of which still remains well kept for educational and amusement (娱乐) aims, reminds us of the extra costs paid by everyone. Today, the undamaged part of the Wall, known as the East Side Gallery, shows striking murals (壁画); if you are interested in this chapter (时期) of the city's history, there is also a Berlin Wall Memorial you would want to visit. The Potsdamer Platz, divided into two by the Wall, is a newly developed area that is famous for a large shopping center and movie theatre complexes (混合体), and adds a bit of modern colour to Berlin's historical value.

Much like the other places that made the list, Berlin is also a city of art. The city has over one hundred and fifty museums in all, and a few of the ones providing an extraordinary experience include the Art Center Berlin Friedrichstrabe, the Museum of Indian Art, and the Museum of East Asian Art. Appreciating Berlin's art is much like taking a university course in itself and it can only be truly appreciated in several trips.

This is a story between a woman and a tree in America. 

Julia Hill was born in 1974. As she grew up, she realized it was important to protect trees. At the age of 23, she heard some bad news one day. A company wanted to cut down part of a forest in California. In the forest there was a 1,000-year-old redwood tree, which was 70 metres tall! Julia wasn't happy about this. She thought, "If I sit in the redwood tree, the company can't cut it down." 

So she traveled to California to protect the redwood tree. In order to stop the company, Julia climbed up the redwood tree, built a small treehouse and lived in it. Her friends cooked food for her every day. Many news reporters came to interview her. Julia talked to those reporters by mobile phone. 

Many people supported Julia, but other people were not on her side. They tried to stop her. The company used a helicopter to fly around her treehouse. It made a lot of noise and brought strong wind. But nothing could stop Julia. She stayed in the redwood tree for two years and eight days. 

In the end, Julia was successful. The company agreed not to cut down the redwood tree. Julia and her friends became very happy.

Peter's uncle lives in the country. He is a man full of humor (幽默). One day, Peter went to see his uncle. His uncle drove his car to the station to meet him. On their way home, they saw many people. His uncle waved (挥手) to everybody. Peter was surprised (惊奇) and said, "Uncle, you wave to everybody. Do you know all of them?"

"No, Peter," answered his uncle. "When I wave to someone who knows me, he'll feel happy. When I wave to someone and he doesn't know me, he will feel surprised and then he will have something to think about, he will make his road seem shorter (更短). So I can make everybody happy."

My name is Zhou Luyang. There are three people in my family. They are my father, my mother and I. I'm a twelve-year-old girl. I like listening to music. I often read books in the evening after doing my homework. So I am good at learning Chinese, and I can finish my Chinese homework well.

My favourite colours are green, pink and red. I like listening to music when I amtired. I like Jay Chows songs. I can sing many of his songs.

My father is a maths teacher. He works in a primary school. He usually goes to work on foot because the school is near our home. When I meet some difficult maths problems, I often ask my father for help. My mother is a worker in a big factory. She sometimes works at night and sleeps the next day. I love my parents very much.

I have many friends because I like to help others. I can get help from my friends too. This is me, a happy girl.