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1、I have wild camped in countless locations in Britain. I have not yet come across a landowner or been asked to leave. There is a generally-accepted tolerance (容忍) to wild camping in the more mountainous areas of England and Wales. If you arrive late, leave early and camp above the highest fence line or wall, and then you are unlikely to have troubles with a landowner.
I try to be careful with where I choose a spot to put up a tent or lay my heavy bag if wild camping in England and Wales. I choose spots that are away from the edge when I can, and far away from roads and houses. I also try and move away from busy footpaths or popular areas.
There is also the issue of what trace you are leaving by camping there. Ideally it will be a small piece of temporarily flattened (暂时压平) grass and some easily missed tent peg (钉) holes. But what about your toilet arrangements? The noodles that fixed themselves to the bottom of the pan? The waste of plastic that escaped from the tent in the morning?
Worrying about being "caught" by a landowner is just a small part of wild camping in the mountains of England, Wales and Northern Ireland — your environmental impact (影响) needs to be considered just as much — if not more.
(1)、What can we learn about wild camping in Britain?A、It is forbidden everywhere. B、It is tolerated in some areas. C、It needs landowners' agreement. D、It harms mountain environment.(2)、How does the author choose a camping spot?A、Near busy roads. B、By house walls. C、Away from footpaths. D、On river edges.(3)、What does the underlined word "trace" in paragraph 3 probably mean?A、Marks left behind. B、Tools used during. C、Plans made before. D、Rubbish thrown away.(4)、What does the author care about most when camping?A、Tent quality. B、Food safety. C、Environmental impact. D、Landowner attitude. -
2、Junior year (the third year of high school in the U. S. education system) is when things actually get very important. Make sure you take care of the following things.
Take the Most Challenging Course Load You Can. Go for the Honors Classes. Challenge yourself.
Earn the Best Grades You Can. Grades are important. How important are good grades? Short answer: super important.
Build Your Brag Sheet (成绩亮点单). You should know what this is by now. This sheet should be filling up with all the wonderful things you have done. By junior year, you should be an active voice in at least one extracurricular activity.
Prepare for the SAT and ACT and take one of each in the Spring. These two tests are really important for the applications process, so make sure you prepare well.
Visit Colleges. Now's the time to let the schools actually know you're visiting, letting them know you're interested. Book a formal tour. The goal here is to get a feel for those schools you may apply to.
Begin to generate Your Big List. This is a list of schools that meet your requirements to research and visit.
Request Letters of Recommendation. Remember that Brag Sheet? Use it to get some great letters. Just remember to tell your teachers where to send them.
Fix these things, and you will be more confident when applying for colleges.
(1)、What should juniors do for their brag sheets?A、Add their achievements. B、Use a loud voice. C、Focus mainly on academic grades. D、Finish them after college visits.(2)、What can be inferred about the "Big List"?A、It lists some famous schools. B、It is created after visiting colleges. C、It needs teachers' recommendations. D、It includes schools the junior may apply to.(3)、What is the main purpose of the text?A、To list key tasks for juniors. B、To guide grade improvement. C、To stress SAT/ACT importance. D、To explain college application steps. -
3、阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Elena was the top member of the school's Astronomy (天文) Club. She believed everything in space could be explained with numbers and facts. Her notebooks were full of perfect star drawings. Her world of perfect rules, however, was put to the test when the club advisor, Mr. Davis, asked her to work with Leo, who was also in the Astronomy Club but drew messy pictures and lived by the idea that "how you feel is more important than being exact."
Their task was to make a poster for the school's Stargazing (观星) Night. "I want this poster to be both accurate and imaginative," said the teacher. "You know, that's what astronomy is all about. It is science, but at the same time, it's a romantic story written in the stars." Both Elena and Leo were confused. After all, one valued strict accuracy above all, while the other chased pure creative expression.
Elena watched quietly as Leo cut a piece from her best star drawing and stuck it on paper covered in blue paint.
"You're ruining it," Elena said. "The stars should stay in their proper positions."
"No, they need to feel alive," Leo replied, dipping his brush in white paint to add glowing stars magically.
Elena hesitated, then moved one of Leo's colorful planets slightly to adjust it better.
"Hey, don't change that!" Leo said quickly.
"I just want it to make sense," Elena said, biting her lip.
They couldn't agree, so they worked separately. Elena created a poster with perfect details, but it felt cold and lifeless. Leo's colorful design was full of energy, yet it didn't clearly show the stars' positions. Secretly looking at each other's work, they both wondered if work together could make the poster better. The day before the deadline, they met in the empty classroom, their unfinished works side by side. Their eyes met. They felt no anger, only a quiet understanding that something was still missing.
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
"We can't make it if we work separately," Elena spoke up first.
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The next morning, they showed the poster to Mr. Davis and club members.
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4、假定你是李华,你校外教Jason计划广泛使用AI智能批改系统来评阅学生的英语作文,以提升批改效率。你认为这样批改存在问题。请你给他写一封邮件,内容包括:
1. 说明问题:
2. 提出建议。
注意:
1. 写作词数应为80左右;
2. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Jason,
I'm Li Hua.
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Best regards,
Li Hua
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5、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Amsterdam is world-famous for its canals, but it is also known for its deep affection for cats. Recently, the city has begun taking solid (measure) to protect its cats from drowning in these waterways.
Winter has always been the season survival is most challenging, as the freezing water leaves animals with little chance to survive. To improve safety, during last winter, the government (position) small wooden staircases along several canal walls. These act as emergency exits for creatures that (accidental) slip into the water.
However, these first steps are not enough. More staircases (schedule) to be built later this year, but their placement must be carefully chosen. In many areas, high stone walls make it almost impossible for animals (escape) once they fall in. To address this, Amsterdam is working closely an animal protection group called Dierenambulance. organization is creating detailed maps of high-risk areas to guide the strategic placement of the new staircases.
"Cats (trap) in the canals are a constant concern," explains Maggie Ruitenberg from a cat information centre. "Although they can swim, their, fur quickly becomes waterlogged, leaving them exhausted. These staircases could really save (life)."
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6、Social media is filled with images of families' perfect moments: children laughing in pools or holding colorful ice cream. At first glance, it's pure1. Yet beneath those smiles, I felt these photos were less about real happiness, and more about2 parents trying to show "proof" that they were happy. This feeling becomes clear when a friend posted her smiling son and wrote, "Just documenting this3 he tells a psychologist one day he had a terrible childhood."
As a parent, I feel4 to this pressure. We parents fear being5. We worry that if our children are unhappy, society will blame us. So we use social media to6 that everything is fine. But a photo cannot7 a lonely heart. A child can smile for the camera and then return to feeling8. This made me realize I might be part of the problem: I was spending more time9 my child's life than joining it.
So I made small changes. I would10 place my phone face down, creating space where my daughter and I could talk without11 I'd sit beside her as she drew just to show that her interests12 and I cared about her.
These small changes won't fix everything, but over time they13. Children feel seen not because parents take photos, but because parents show up again and again. Real connection is built through14 and care, not pictures. I learned to see my daughter clearly, not as a15 chasing her smile, but as a mother.
(1)A 、amusement B 、confusion C 、curiosity D 、joy(2)A 、anxious B 、demanding C 、confident D 、relieved(3)A 、so that B 、in case C 、even if D 、as though(4)A 、drawn B 、strange C 、related D 、close(5)A 、noticed B 、hurt C 、judged D 、ignored(6)A 、prove B 、deny C 、doubt D 、admit(7)A 、replace B 、heal C 、analyze D 、break(8)A 、happy B 、threatened C 、excited D 、unseen(9)A 、recording B 、supporting C 、guiding D 、observing(10)A 、casually B 、intentionally C 、randomly D 、patiently(11)A 、limits B 、barriers C 、reservation D 、distraction(12)A 、existed B 、changed C 、developed D 、mattered(13)A 、add up B 、show up C 、break down D 、fall down(14)A 、courage B 、presence C 、repetition D 、patience(15)A 、photographer B 、athlete C 、technician D 、critic -
7、A Beginner's Guide to Rehearse (排练) Presentations
Delivering presentations is an everyday art form that anyone can master. Act as if you are in a conversation with your audience, and they will pay attention to you. Here are some tips to help you practice with efficiency.
Don't wait until it's perfect.
Find a friend, colleague, or mentor who you trust to give you constructive feedback. That way, they can give you tips not just on your delivery, but on the organization of your content as well. You can start by asking them to point out moments that are dull or confusing.
Prepare for nerves.
What exactly worries you when you give a speech? Looking foolish? Forgetting lines? For instance, if your fear is, "I'll forget what I'm saying," you can prepare a plan like, "If it really happens, I'll pause, scan my notes, and find the next important point I need to make."
Time yourself carefully.
You don't want to go over your time frame and get cut off, or wear on the patience of your audience. Time your rehearsals, especially those you give in front of others, to see that you are staying within the time you have.
Practice repeatedly with flexibility.
This doesn't mean sticking to a strict script every time. Instead, when you rehearse, improvise freely. Deliver your main points, but include quips (俏皮话) and anecdotes that occur to you as you go. You'll remember the best ones when you actually deliver the presentation.
A. To get this level of fluency, practice is the key.
B. Know your presentation backward and forward.
C. You don't have to wait until it's perfect to show them.
D. These thoughts are the ones that are holding you back on stage.
E. Rely on memorising every word of your speech exactly as written.
F. Set aside some extra time if you plan to answer questions from the audience.
G. Write down your fears, and then think about what you will do in each situation.
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8、Each year, over 1.2 billion new smartphones are produced worldwide. This not only consumes significant energy and natural resources but also results in large amounts of electronic waste, as users often replace functional devices every few years. To address this issue, researchers have developed a new approach-transforming old phones into small-scale data centers for practical applications.
"Innovation often begins not with something new, but with a new way of thinking about the old," said Huber, an associate professor. The research team demonstrated that outdated smartphones can be transformed into tiny data centers capable of processing and storing data for real-world applications. They also found that building such a data center only costs around 8 euros per device, making it an economical solution.
In their experiment, the scientists carefully removed the batteries to prevent chemical leakage and connected four old phones using 3D-printed cases. The system was powered externally and tested in practical environments. One successful trial of the new approach involved underwater sea life monitoring, where the device automatically recorded and analyzed sea species. Tasks that once required divers can now be handled directly by the device underwater.
These reused devices show promise in other areas as well. For example, they could be applied at bus stops to monitor passenger flow patterns and help urban planners adjust public transportation schedules and routes. This approach not only reduces e-waste but also supports sustainable digital solutions for modern communities.
"This smart, green approach rethinks our throwaway tech culture. Sustainability is not just about preserving the future but also about reimagining the present, turning yesterday's devices into tomorrow's solutions," added Ulrich, an Associate Professor of Software Engineering. With minimal investment and creative thinking, outdated technology can serve new purposes, contributing to a greener digital society while effectively addressing the growing problem of electronic waste.
(1)、Which of the following best describes the new approach in paragraph 2?A、Time-saving. B、Cost-effective C、User-friendly. D、Labor-intensive.(2)、What was a successful application of the new approach?A、Assisting divers in recording sea animals. B、Producing 3D-printed cases for ocean use C、Monitoring underwater life independently. D、Supplying power to underwater equipment.(3)、What can we infer about the reused devices from paragraph 4?A、They predict the city traffic patterns. B、They inform passengers of bus arrivals. C、They help with smart city management D、They assess the work of urban planners.(4)、Which can be a suitable title for the text?A、The Global Smartphone Waste Problem B、A Green Solution: Repurposing Old Phones C、An Eco-Digital Guide: Electronic Engineering D、The Sustainability of Smart City Development -
9、In today's world, more and more young people use the internet to connect with others. They even keep in touch by sharing short videos on apps like TikTok and YouTube. However, it's often difficult to tell if the content is good for them. Under this background, the Danish government announced to stop children under 15 from using certain social media platforms. This plan shows a key problem for modern parents: while social media is a big part of young people's lives, its possible harmful impact is becoming more concerning.
The government made this decision based on distinct data and social trends. National surveys in Denmark show that most children under 13 are already active on social media. Officials say that young people are easily influenced by the questionable content on these platforms. Seeing one-sided opinions can lead to poor thinking about complicated issues, which may weaken their ability to think critically. Also, the need to be online all the time can ruin sleep quality and weaken the concentration needed for learning and healthy growth.
Nevertheless, putting this policy into practice is full of challenges. In a world where children can easily access screens, the biggest problem lies in how to make it work effectively. The proposal suggests a system with different rules for different ages: children aged 13 to 15 need parental agreement, while those under 10 are not allowed at all. Denmark also has to talk with big technology companies, since they often care more about their data and profit than users' health, especially for younger users.
Denmark's decision marks an important change. For other countries, like Australia, Denmark's experiment will be watched closely. It raises a basic question: in the digital age, does creating a safer environment for children require us to rethink the boundaries of the online world itself?
(1)、Why did the Danish government announce the social media ban?A、To address the harms of short-video on children. B、To reduce the influence of technology advances. C、To protect children from unproven information. D、To limit the frequent digital interaction among children.(2)、What might be the result of being active on social media early?A、Efficient sleep patterns. B、Possible mental illness C、Potential attention failure. D、Sharp and critical mindsets.(3)、What can be inferred about the practice of the ban?A、It achieved certain impact. B、It proposed various strategies. C、It engaged cultural cooperation. D、It deserved efforts from companies.(4)、What can be a suitable title for the text?A、Rethinking the Digital Playground B、Denmark's Challenge in Digital Age C、The Global Fight Against Social Media D、Social Media on Children's Development -
10、For many older adults, the simple joy of a bike ride feels out of reach. Cycling Without Age bridges that gap, pairing seniors with younger volunteers. These young people are called "pilots." They ride alongside seniors, ensuring every journey is safe, joyful, and shared.
Take Hugh Lyon and David Lawrence for example. Despite the 20 years' gap in age, they have been riding together for years. 56-year-old Lawrence pilots the trishaw (三轮车) while Lyon enjoys the ride. Every week, the two explore their town. Lyon would ask about its streets and history, while Lawrence was happy to share what he knew. "This program has brought me a meaningful connection with an older generation, which means a lot to me since my parents are no longer with me," Lawrence says.
That same spirit inspires John Boettner, who leads a local Cycling Without Age chapter in Santa Barbara. He has one gentle rule for his passengers. "People always ask, ‘How much does a ride cost?'" he says. "I tell them, ‘Just smile and wave to everyone we pass.'" Boettner cherishes red lights, because they are little windows for connection, a chance for his passengers to exchange smiles and stories with strangers on the street. "Driving the trishaw is our best advertisement," he adds. "When a 101-year-old woman holds your hand tight and says thank you, it's a moment you'll never forget."
Ole Kassow, who founded Cycling Without Age, sees these moments as part of something greater. "What makes these rides so powerful is how riding softens the lines between generations and helps people form new friendships," he says. "I believe that friendship, or the ability to open your heart and care for others at any age, brings energy and warmth to life, making it richer and better."
(1)、What was Lawrence's greatest gain from Cycling Without Age?A、A clear goal. B、A brave heart. C、A curious mind. D、A treasured bond.(2)、What can we infer from paragraph 3?A、Riders are enriched by giving rides. B、The program needs to be advertised. C、Passengers have to pay for the rides D、Red lights teach people patience and care.(3)、What does Ole Kassow emphasize in his words?A、The pleasure of cycling. B、The value of the program. C、The power of young people. D、The definition of a good life.(4)、Which of the following best matches the idea in the passage?A、A sweet friendship comes from trust. B、A heart that connects is always young. C、Don't go through life, grow through life. D、Happiness is a journey, not a destination. -
11、The world is facing a serious problem: the fast increase of municipal solid waste (MSW城市固体垃圾). A 2024 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) report highlights a growing global challenge: MSW, which amounted to 2.1 billion tonnes in 2020, is set to increase significantly in the coming decades. Figure 1 in the same report shows that all kinds of waste-recycling, landfill, waste-to-energy, and especially uncontrolled waste-will continue to grow. Uncontrolled waste, which includes trash that is not properly collected or treated but simply dumped (倾倒) or openly burned, already reached 0.81 billion tonnes in 2020 and could mount to 1.57 billion tonnes by 2050.

Poor waste management brings huge costs. In 2020, the world spent $252 billion on dealing with waste. But when the hidden costs-such as pollution and health problems-are included, the total rises to $361 billion. If nothing changes, both the environmental damage and economic burden will become much worse.
However, the report also offers hope. UNEP recommends moving away from the "take-make-dispose (处理)" model and shifting toward a circular way of using resources, which includes cutting waste, using items more than once, and strengthening recycling. The report also points out that cities should play a leading role by working together, recognizing the role of informal waste workers, encouraging people to deal with kitchen waste at home, and involving the public in planning better ways to handle trash. Through these efforts, cities can help the world move toward a cleaner and more sustainable future.
(1)、According to the report, how much MSW is the world expected to produce in 2050?A、3.79 billion tonnes B、2.22 billion tonnes C、2.1 billion tonnes D、1.57 billion tonnes(2)、What can we know about uncontrolled waste?A、It is the smallest part of global waste. B、It includes waste that is recycled at home. C、It may nearly double between 2020 and 2050. D、It comes mainly from waste-to-energy plants.(3)、UNEP suggests that cities should ________.A、take the lead in waste management B、burn more waste to produce energy C、build more landfills for future waste D、practice the "take-make-dispose" model -
12、阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Having been working hard for a long time, I decided to treat myself to a solo (独自的) trip to Türkiye. It felt like the perfect way to mark the end of one chapter and the beginning of another.
The first few days were magical — walking through busy markets, admiring ancient architecture, and enjoying delicious local cuisine. Istanbul, the largest city of Türkiye, offers unforgettable beauty at every turn. I started my day watching the Hagia Sophia, one of Istanbul's most impressive landmarks, shining in the sunlight. I ended my day drinking the local tea. Everything was going smoothly, until a sudden announcement from the airport made my plans in chaos — my flight to the next stop was cancelled.
My heart sank. It wasn't just the next stop; it was an important, previously planned part of my trip. A non-refundable, luxurious cave hotel awaited me. I'd prepaid for a private car service that was expecting me tonight, and crucially, tomorrow's prebooked hot air balloon ride and guided valley tours demanded an early start. Panic seized me. Anxiously checking alternatives, I found only one flight arriving late the next afternoon.
Standing alone at the airport, holding my useless boarding pass, I was in despair (绝望). My heart ached at the thought of losing hundreds of euros. Tears welled up in my eyes. At that moment, my travel agency was unreachable. My only hope rested with the driver, Mr. Demir, who was the same age as my dad and supposedly waiting at the airport of my next stop. Had the car company received the email and notified him of the cancellation? Would he check? Would he care enough to adjust without charging me a lot of money?
Hours passed as I rearranged my flight for the next morning. Extremely tired and overwhelmed (不知所措的), I boarded the rescheduled flight, unsure of what to expect. Eventually, I landed, but I felt like going into continued uncertainty.
注意:
(1)续写词数应为150个左右;
(2)请按如下格式作答。
Suddenly, a loud voice cut through the noise: "Miss Doros? From Athens?"
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On the way to the hotel, I appreciated what Mr. Demir had done for me again.
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13、假定你是李华,你校计划举办英语文化艺术节,现面向全体学生征集节日活动。请给负责人Mr. Smith写一封邮件,内容包括:
(1)推荐的活动;
(2)推荐的理由。
注意:
(1)写作词数应为80个左右;
(2)请按如下格式作答。
Dear Mr. Smith,
I'm Li Hua, a senior from Class 1.
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Yours,
Li Hua
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14、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In Rome, a small eatery is winning hearts with authentic (正宗的) Chinese flavors. Jiamo Lab, named after its (represent) snack roujiamo, a traditional Chinese flatbread (stuff) with braised (焖炖的) meat, has become a local favorite, even appearing on popular media recommendation lists.
Located near Piazza Fiume, unique square known for its strategic location near the city center, Jiamo Lab offers not just food but stories. The restaurant's walls (line) with information about the origins of roujiamo and its birthplace — the ancient city of Xi'an. "When we dine here, we're drawn to the stories on the walls and throw (we) deeply into them. They make us want to learn more about Chinese history," says customer Simona Baltieri.
In the past, Chinese cuisine abroad often (mean) fried rice or sweet-and-sour pork, but now, a new generation of Chinese restaurateurs is changing that perception, introducing authentic regional specialties (range) from Sichuan snacks to Xi'an street food.
The owner of Jiamo Lab, determined to stay true traditional flavors, says he hopes his restaurant will become a genuine part of local life. "Authentic Chinese cuisine offers a stage cultural exchanges are taking place, proving it is far more than just food. It's time to showcase more of China's traditions, allowing the world to see the remarkable (rich) of Chinese culture."
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15、On my 62nd birthday, my friend Noel, a retired physician, pulled out his phone and showed us his new artworks. I'd had no idea he was1, let alone doing it so well. We were all watching in2 and expressing the desire to have such talent when my son said, "Mom, you look so3."
Rarely does life give you such clear4. For decades, I'd been a writer. But after that birthday, I turned to art and began to see the world from a5 angle.
Noel was my first art friend. He6 me, giving me support and confidence, and praised my work. He also invited me to his critique group, where I met my7 as I dealt with a new beginning — they advised me and directed my behaviour.
With the art friend circle expanding surprisingly rapidly, my art friends have now begun to8 my writer friends. I've met them in classes and through art events. I9 the local art event every year, but after the change in my10, the involvement became an unusual experience. I began to know a few people exhibiting. Then came more11. I even helped an artist who had to12 her studio find a buyer. And this past year at the event, I could13 walk 10 feet without encountering someone I knew. I didn't get to see all the art but I14 something even better: a sense of15.
(1)A 、exhibiting B 、painting C 、recording D 、participating(2)A 、doubt B 、satisfaction C 、admiration D 、relief(3)A 、concerned B 、energetic C 、strange D 、envious(4)A 、notes B 、symbols C 、signals D 、miracles(5)A 、different B 、special C 、positive D 、practical(6)A 、defended B 、reminded C 、encouraged D 、interviewed(7)A 、guides B 、supporters C 、competitors D 、teammates(8)A 、encounter B 、outnumber C 、replace D 、overpower(9)A 、organized B 、sponsored C 、reported D 、attended(10)A 、priority B 、identity C 、character D 、schedule(11)A 、connections B 、invitations C 、chances D 、events(12)A 、set out B 、put off C 、give up D 、take over(13)A 、simply B 、easily C 、nearly D 、barely(14)A 、recalled B 、unearthed C 、celebrated D 、proposed(15)A 、security B 、responsibility C 、purpose D 、belonging -
16、For more than 20 years, I've been in the same book club with five other people who share a love of reading. We all enjoy ourselves there; these people are now all my friends, and they've become an important part of my life. You may not be looking for a book club to make more friends. That's okay. But if you want to form or join a book club, here are some rules of thumb (经验之谈).
Some book clubs are in the form of Sunday brunches or chats over snacks or coffee. Other clubs are all about the discussion. Ours is a combination of reading a good book, enjoying a feeling of friendship and sharing a nice meal. But yours can be strictly business.
You should establish a set of guidelines. Our rules include: "Please read the book, otherwise don't come to the meeting." We are also encouraged to include various genres (体裁), whether plays or poetry. The guidelines not only ensure commitment but enrich our reading choices.
Once you set a date, stick to it. We meet every one to two months. The host can start by offering a few dates and choose the one when most of the club members can come. Nobody has time for endless texts trying to accommodate to everyone's complicated and changing schedules.
You must let voices be heard. Everyone in the group should participate in listening as actively as talking. Besides, we must follow the host's order to keep us in check.
A. Figure out what you'd like to read.
B. Deciding the kind of club is important.
C. They make our meetings better as well.
D. It's a source of happiness on many levels.
E. Discussing the book is the most meaningful part.
F. Try not to interrupt or dismiss other people's opinions or ideas.
G. Usually the pick stands unless there are unavoidable circumstances.
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17、Many forests are losing their winter snowpack as global temperatures rise, and that could substantially slow their growth — and reduce the amount of carbon they remove from the atmosphere. Warming temperatures are expected to boost growth in temperate forests. However, models largely don't account for changes during winter — especially the loss of snow.
To get a better handle on this, Conrad-Rooney and her co-workers at Boston University simulated (模拟) how a global temperature increase of 5℃ would affect the growth of red maple trees in an experimental forest in New Hampshire. On some plots, they used buried wires to warm the soil during the growing season. On others, they also removed snow during winter and warmed the soil to cause freeze-melt (冻融) cycles.
Measured over 10 years, the trees on both plots grew more than trees that were left alone. However, the trees on the plots where the snow was removed grew much more slowly. The researchers owe this to root damage caused by the snowless soil being more exposed to changing temperatures. "The snow typically acts as an excellent insulator and natural cover to keep soils from freezing," says Conrad-Rooney. "With less snow, there are more freeze-melt cycles."
Applying these findings to similar forests across the northeast USA, the researchers estimate the loss of snowpack expected by the end of the century would reduce carbon storage by a little over one million tonnes per year, compared with models that don't account for disappearing snow.
"Snowpack that comes and goes throughout the winter negatively influences the steady soil conditions our northeast ecosystems require for long-term storage of carbon," says Elizabeth Burakowski at the University of New Hampshire. "However, not all snow-covered forests will respond to snowpack loss in the same way as the deciduous (落叶的) forests of the Northeast. Accurately modelling various ecological responses remains a big challenge. There are so many things that are changing."
(1)、Why did Conrad-Rooney conduct the research on winter changes?A、To find approaches to warming soils. B、To measure the rate of the changes. C、To prove the limitations of most models. D、To study their effects on forest growth.(2)、What does the underlined word "insulator" in paragraph 3 mean?A、Soil monitor. B、Water supplier. C、Heat preserver. D、Growth driver.(3)、What does Burakowski imply about the impact of snowpack loss?A、It can be hardly evaluated. B、It gets bigger in the Northeast. C、It is unclear in soil conditions. D、It varies with the forest type.(4)、Which can be a suitable title for the text?A、Less Snowpack, Lower Carbon Storage B、Greater Winter Changes, Weaker Forests C、Warmer Temperatures, Faster Forest Growth D、Fewer Freeze-melt Cycles, Stronger Ecosystems -
18、There is a famous quote: "Perfection is not attainable, but if we chase (努力获得) perfection we can catch excellence." Perfectionism provides meaning, yet unknown to the perfectionist, it's often built on a foundation of sand. Most of the time, perfectionists don't even know why they want this.
In treatment, I often use thought experiments, asking people to consider alternative lives and even fantastic versions of them. Philosophy and psychology are so deeply connected because how we live is closely associated with a basic belief of why we should live in some manner. Deep thought is the foundation of a sound and healthy mind. So, therapy (心理治疗) can help patients explore the assumptions of their goals.
Perfectionism can be viewed in several ways. One version implies the pursuit of harmony, where one achieves a state of balance. This version of the construct views perfectionism as a process rather than an end state — a constant attempt to become a better fit in one's environment. Another version of perfectionism, and the much more common one, imagines perfection to extremes. So, for example, one may wish to become the best parent, the best in their profession, and have enough time left over to enjoy hobbies and a social life, all at the same time.
Patients are often asked by me to seriously consider whether others deserve the perfect versions of them, and if so, then why? Because perfectionists tend to base their self-worth on their contributions, they frequently fail to note that others may fail to be perfect contributors. Moreover, I ask: Will others' praise finally make you like yourself? The answer, surprisingly, is often no. No because effort feels one-sided. No because they don't love their contributions for their own sake (因其本身). And no because they still don't feel appreciated or respected.
Life after perfectionism can still have some degree of perfectionism in it. But this life likely includes the pursuit of perfection for its own sake and at one's own pace. This version of perfection is based on a very strong feeling of enthusiasm and a clear sense of importance.
(1)、What does the author say about perfectionism?A、It rests on shaky grounds. B、It does more good than harm. C、It sets the stage for excellence. D、It comes with unexplained reasons.(2)、Who has the more common version of perfectionism?A、An athlete perfecting his ability in a sport. B、A manager demanding the best in everything. C、An academic learning more about his discipline. D、A mother hoping to gradually be a better parent.(3)、What does the answer imply about perfectionists in paragraph 4?A、They're unlikely to love themselves. B、They make one-sided contributions. C、They're unsatisfied with outside praise. D、They fail to win others' appreciation.(4)、What should people do for a healthy pursuit of perfection?A、Act out of passion and purpose. B、Rule out long-term perfectionism. C、Figure out versions of perfectionism. D、Prioritize improvement over perfection. -
19、On a hot Saturday evening in May, I reported to Terminal 4 of Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport. There, in a small conference room behind an unmarked door, I put on a name tag (标牌) and joined 18 other nervous-looking people hoping to be cured by Captain Ron, a 78-year-old former commercial pilot who delivers a lecture to nervous fliers roughly once a month.
I'd experienced 21 years of unmemorable flights before my own fear of flying took hold, which did not result from a recent succession of frightening plane crashes. Years ago, I was traveling from my home state of Iowa to New York City for a job. I was already nervous about moving, and then, somewhere above Illinois, the plane hit turbulence (湍流) and dropped what felt like a thousand feet. Several people screamed. They were all okay, and, physically, so was I. But I had unlocked a new fear.
Captain Ron's class took place on an immobile Southwest airplane. After introductions, he handed out boarding passes bearing our names, and together we marched through security and boarded. For the next hour, Captain Ron taught us how much time is generally required for a plane to be in the air and how much fuel planes typically carry for domestic flights. We were reminded that turbulence, while unpleasant, is not dangerous. We learned about strategies for powering our emotional "elephant brain" with our logical "rider brain" and were advised to do an "actionable task" like journaling about our anxiety or solving rapid-fire math problems to distract (转移注意力) ourselves during takeoff.
Captain Ron didn't erase my fear entirely, but he gave me something even more valuable: a new viewpoint. I came to see that fear, in essence, is nothing to be ashamed of. True courage, then, may not lie in the absence of fear, but in the gentle act of carrying it with us without judgment, as we continue to move forward.
(1)、Why did the author come to Terminal 4?A、To attend a class. B、To have the room marked. C、To hold a meeting. D、To give emotional support.(2)、What caused the author's new fear years ago?A、A series of plane incidents. B、A specific flying experience. C、A scream of the fellow passenger. D、A move to an unfamiliar city.(3)、Which aspect of Captain Ron's class does paragraph 3 mainly focus on?A、The venue. B、The content. C、The schedule. D、The significance.(4)、What lesson does the author learn?A、Watching out for the absence of fear. B、Trying to erase fear with courage. C、Seeing things from various viewpoints. D、Progressing despite the presence of fear. -
20、Become a Professional Health & Wellness Coach
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(1)、How does the training event benefit participants?A、By giving their life purpose. B、By changing their lifestyle. C、By providing job opportunities. D、By partnering with professionals.(2)、What is a feature of this health coaching career?A、It is dependent on medical basics. B、It is limited to online interactions. C、It has flexible work arrangements. D、It focuses more on physical fitness.(3)、What can participants get from the course?A、A 3-day online training program. B、A training schedule with 5 levels. C、A 12-month professional practice. D、A globally recognized certificate.