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A large tomb dating back approximately 5,000 years was discovered at the Wangzhuang ruins in the city of Yongcheng, Central China's Henan Province, providing new sample for studying the critical period of the origins of Chinese civilization, Dawenkou culture period (4300 BC-2500 BC), a culture of the late Neolithic Age.

It is reported that 45 Dawenkou culture tombs were newly discovered at the Wangzhuang site, 27 of have already been excavated. Some of these tombs appear(belong) to high-ranking officials, presenting a number of valuable artifacts and pig jawbones representing wealth and making it one of the (large) and most artifact-rich tombs found from the Dawenkou culture.

It is interesting to note that the tomb was(intentional) damaged by ancient enemy forces. Only a small number of human bones were found in the tomb, with no complete human skeleton (discover). This discovery provides new evidence for the development trace in ancient kingdoms across various regions during the (form) of Chinese civilization around 5,000 years ago.

So far, the Wangzhuang site has yielded over 1,000 artifacts. Based the shapes of the findings, the cultural characteristics of the site are complex, with the main(remain) belonging to the Dawenkou culture.

Currently, the excavation of the site is still underway. The cultural relics unearthed from the tomb have now been cleaned up, and the next step (be) to extract (提取) them for more detailed research.

Sawyer was born blind but his mother, Brianna, didn't5 until he was 3 months old. She was taking Sawyer for a stroll (散步) outside and noticed that they were in direct6 , but he wasn't squinting (眯着眼看). Doctors later7 Sawyer with septo-optic dysplasia (视神经发育不良), a genetic8 affecting one in 10,000 children.

Brianna and her husband Patrick hope their son will be able to live as9 as possible. Sawyer reads Braille and uses a cane. But there are also some developmental10 .

Soon they realized that the11 Sawyer communicates best is through music. "He always has a trick for12 noises that even we don't notice," the mother said.

Even at such a young age, Sawyer has big13 . He hopes to perform on America' s Got Talent - despite being nervous. But no matter what happens, one thing is14: Singing is in his past, present and future. When asked about how he thought it makes people feel when they hear him sing, Sawyer15 "Joyful".

Set concrete academic goals. If you just want to "do better" in school, does that mean an A? Or a B? Are you just trying to pass? Sit down and set specific benchmarks for yourself. You might say you want to maintain at least a 3.0 GPA, or that you want to get at least an A — in history this year.

Study efficiently. Avoid cramming and focus on creating your own understanding. It's easy to just sit in front of your book and read passively without really absorbing the information. If you find it most efficient to focus on one subject at a time, do that. If bouncing between a few similar subjects helps you stay on task, that's fine, too.

This will help you commit the material to memory. It's better to spend 10-15 minutes studying every night than to try and stuff everything into one study session the night before the big test. Research has shown that stuffing is one of the least efficient ways to prepare for a test, so avoid it at all costs.

Take care of your body. Get plenty of sleep, eat a healthy diet, and exercise regularly. You cannot stay motivated if you're so physically under the weather that your body can't focus. Get 8 hours of sleep — especially on school nights.

A. Stay focused with mindfulness tricks.

B. Study in a way that makes the most sense to you.

C. It's easier to stay motivated if you have specific goals.

D. Review everything you learned at the end of each study session.

E. It's a lot easier to stay motivated if you know you're going to relax eventually.

F. Eat a diverse, healthy diet and get plenty of physical activity to ensure you' re in tip-top shape.

G. You're not alone, but doing well in school will set you up to have the life you want down the road.

In a new review article published in Translational Psychiatry, researchers propose a novel assumption to understand the antidepressant effects of exercise. They believe that the process may hinge on motivation, which is very important for relieving a number of symptoms of depression, such as anhedonia (a lack of interest or joy in life's experiences), low energy and "brain fog".

The team summarised research papers exploring the mechanisms (机制) of depression in both humans and animals and concluded that depression, especially anhedonia, is associated with increased inflammation (炎症) caused by the body's immune response. Importantly, inflammation is also linked to disrupting dopamine transmission. These biological changes may represent key processes leading to changes in motivation, and in particular a lower willingness to make physical or mental effort.

Meanwhile, exercise reduces inflammation, boosts dopamine function, and enhances motivation. The researchers believe that this could be an important reason as to why exercise has an antidepressant effect. The team hope that this understanding of how exercise reduces symptoms of depression will help to inform the development of new treatment strategies— such as personalised exercise programmes.

Dr Emily Hird (UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience) said, "Understanding the mechanisms behind the antidepressant effects of physical activity in depression could also inform our understanding of the mechanisms causing depression and the development of novel intervention strategies, in particular, personalised intervention, and social prescribing."

"It would be important to investigate any potential barrier to exercise," Dr Hird added. "Addressing barriers to exercise— particularly in people with depression— is crucial, as regular physical activity may be able to relieve symptoms, enhance mood and empower individuals on their path to recovery. As part of this, finding strategies to encourage exercise is key."

To investigate, researchers from INRAE and CNRS, France, filmed 18 female domestic chickens from two breeds, as they performed routine behaviors on a French farm. They also filmed the birds while being captured and held by a human, and while being rewarded with an appealing food.

The researchers analyzed the position of their facial feathers and the color of the exposed skin on their faces in seven contexts that differed in their emotional valence (效价) and level of excitement. For example, birds preen their feathers when they are relaxed and content, whereas receiving a rewarding food generally causes excitement and happiness, and being captured is an exciting but fearful experience.

The results suggested that the position of the head feathers and the color of the skin varied between contexts. Fluffing (抖松) head feathers were mainly associated with a state of contentment, whereas flushing indicated that the birds were positively excited or fearful.

The study is the first to investigate facial displays of emotion in chickens, and suggests that domestic hens use facial expressions to show their emotions, much like humans and other mammals do. These findings offer a window into the emotional experiences of domestic birds, which could be used to improve the welfare of farmed poultry (家禽), the researchers say.

The skin flushing on the face of the domestic birds is a window into their emotions. The intensity of the flushing varies within a few seconds depending on the emotional situations they experience, the researchers add.

In 1998, embracing the challenge with determination and a deep-seated desire to revive a crucial part of their country and family history, Sebastiāo and Lelia established the Instituto Terra, an environmental group dedicated to the sustainability of the Valley of the River Doce. It became a ship through which they would sail on a difficult journey to heal the land and in many ways, themselves.

The couple, along with their team, embarked on a journey to replant and rebuild the1,754-acre plot of land. Slowly, the barren desert that Sebastiāo returned to began to transform, was blossoming into the lush paradise that had once existed only in his memories.

Now, the region stands as a testament to what can be achieved with dedication and a dream. It is recognized as a Private Natural Heritage Reserve, a sanctuary where nature has been given the space and support to reclaim its rightful place.

The once-barren cattle farm is not only thriving but has also become a shelter for hundreds of species of animals and plants. The land, now vibrant and alive, hosts 293 species of trees, 172 species of birds, 33 species of mammals, and 15 species of reptiles and amphibians, many of which are endangered and have found a safe refuge in this refreshed environment.

Sebastiāo reflects on the transformation, sharing, "All the insects and birds and fish returned, and, thanks to this increase of the trees, I, too, was reborn— this was the most important moment."

The School of Mathematical Sciences at Lancaster University is seeking to appoint a professor to take a prominent, strategic role in the leadership of Mathematics for AI in Real- world Systems (MARS), Lancaster University. MARS, which is funded by a £12m investment from Research England, will conduct research and teaching at the interface (界面) of dynamical mathematical modelling and artificial intelligence (AI), with a focus on using applied mathematics to address real-world challenges.

As part of the senior MARS leadership group, you will be responsible for shaping the formation and direction of this new 10 FTE (全职员工) unit within the School of Mathematical Sciences. You will have an outstanding track record of research in the mathematics of AI and/or applied mathematics of real-world challenges, demonstrable experience of building a positive, inclusive and collaborative research culture, and a vocation for nurturing staff and developing an outward-facing talent pipeline. You will be able to evidence excellence in scientific leadership and the ability to bring this to MARS, the wider School and the University.

A strong track record of securing external research funding and publishing in internationally-leading Mathematical Sciences journals is essential. Ideally, you will have an application focus in at least one of the following MARS key application areas: cyber security, engineering, environment and health.

You will have considerable experience of translating foundational mathematical findings into real-world solutions, through partnerships outside of the academic sector, and will be able to foster new collaborations with researchers from other disciplines and with non-academic organisations. You will be an enthusiastic ambassador for MARS and for the discipline of mathematics.

This is a full-time, indefinite post and flexible working arrangements will be considered.

Informal enquiries should be made to the Head of MARS, Professor Chris Jewell c.jewell@lancaster. ac.uk or the Director of Research, ProfessorRebeccaKillickr.killick@lancaster.ac.uk.

1.出国旅游很有意义；

2.开阔眼界,了解国外的风俗和历史；

3.和来自不同文化背景的人交朋友,学习外语

4.放松身心,欣赏美景

注意：1.词数80左右(信的开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数)；

2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

Dear Michael.

How are you? These days, I am planning to travel abroad during the vacation.

……

Yours truly,

Li Hua

On March 3, 2022, Jiang Mengnan(receive) the "Touching China" (感动中国) award for 2021. 

In 1992, Jiang Mengnan was born in Hunan. When she was six (month) old, she lost her hearing. From then on, she couldn't hear anything at all and (she) world became silent. Her parents began to teach her to read people's lips (嘴唇) and speak. It was not easy, but her parents never gave up. After a lot practice, Jiang Mengnan learned to speak. 

When Jiang Mengnan(be) old enough, she went to school. She tried to understand what the teachers said by (read) their lips. She worked very hard and overcame a lot of difficulties. She  (final) became a top student. In 2011, she got a high score in gaokao and went to Jilin University. In 2018, she was accepted by Tsinghua University as a PhD (博士) student. 

"I think I am(luck). I want to thank my parents, teachers and friends, have been helping me all the time. And best way to pay them back is to do something good for society," Jiang Mengnan said.

Tim Cameron lost his wallet. Luckily a kind man went out of his way to get his lost wallet back to  (he) in a creative manner.

Tim Cameron lost his wallet on the way home from work and person who found it got in touch with him through his bank account. He sent four transfers (转账) of £0.01 each with a reference (附注) spelling out the (intend) of contacting the person who received it.

Deeply (move) by the man, Tim Cameron shared it on Twitter. He said, "I lost my wallet on the way home from work  accident. I didn't have many things in the wallet  (indicate) my personal information, so the kind man got in touch with me through four transfers of £0.01 each with a reference up to 18 characters and  (eventual) returned my wallet to me."

The lovely tweet  (view) by more than 33,000 people. One viewer, James Dartnell, said, "It is an absolute legend,  makes me realize that there are truly good people out there. It is  (amaze) to see not everyone is untrustworthy (不可信的)."

On August 23, my son went biking in the mountain with his friends. 1 , we were waiting at home with lunch ready around noon. At 12: 15, he still didn't  2 . Then we got the  3 news that he was badly hurt when doing a relatively easy jump. 

We  4 up the mountain in the car and got him to the 5 for X- rays. We were told that one of his leg bones was broken and that he had to  6 for at least 6 weeks. My son is a (n) 7 boy, who loves soccer, biking, running, climbing, swimming, etc. When all the outdoor activities were 8 put on hold (暂停) , I taught him to regard it as a chance to 9 about the inner world. We started talking about beliefs, feelings, 10 , trust, and kindness. He was  11 used to his new life. 

My son fell because he didn't focus his attention. He told me that it was a super- easy jump so he didn't spend any time  12 . Kids may not be very focused because they are always trying to test their limits, showing off, or getting lost in their thoughts. This injury (受伤) helped our son see the  13 of focusing his mind and body. 

I would never wish an injury in anyone; yet it is an immediate way to learn how to be patient in our life. My biggest  14 has been that my son may have learned more from this injury than anything else he's gone through this year, and, hopefully, this  15 will be memorized by him forever in his life.

The freezing cold winter really prevents me from going to Beibei District, Chongqing. You really can't imagine how cold a southern China city can be until you experience a winter there.  However, while beneath three quilts (被子), I found it still first wet and then cold. Without the wetness, there will be no coldness, for which spicy (辛辣的) food has been popular since very long time ago.

 The hotness and wetness is really beyond imagination. While you are out, with shade everywhere but useless to prevent the high temperature, what you have to put up with is wetness added to hotness.  Among the famous spicy foods, hot­pot is the most preferred by both natives and newcomers from other provinces as well as foreign countries, as can be seen from the fact that Chongqing is an international city.

 As the home of beauties and bridges, it is also a charming city of mountains and rivers, of which I prefer Jialing River most with its green water running smoothly.

People there are very kind especially the old people enjoying a comfortable life either in the shade of trees swinging their fans or playing chess on a square. Living in Chongqing is not a bad choice. 

A. The steaming hot summer prevents me from going there, too.

B. The winter in Chongqing is pretty cold, which is beyond my imagination.

C. All in all, what I had experienced there really left me a deep impression.

D. I still remember when I was in Southwest University, I had to keep warm with three quilts.

E. Beauties in Chongqing are quite charming as well as knowledgeable.

F. Although it has disadvantages, Chongqing has many advantages over other cities.

G. Ancestors in Chongqing were so intelligent that they knew spicy foods could make the weather easy and enjoyable to tolerate.

Summer in Europe is very nice for us to visit one of our favourite cities for a break. Below we have put together a short list of our favourite summer break locations (地方) that offer a great balance of culture, sunshine and fun.

Berlin, the second most populous city in the European Union, gets the third place on our list. It has three famous airports: Tegel International Airport, Tempelhof International Airport, and Schonefeld International Airport. 

The capital of Germany is on this list not only because it is a fantastic place to go on holiday but also since it teaches a very important lesson to humanity (人,人性). The Berlin Wall, the better part of which still remains well kept for educational and amusement (娱乐) aims, reminds us of the extra costs paid by everyone. Today, the undamaged part of the Wall, known as the East Side Gallery, shows striking murals (壁画); if you are interested in this chapter (时期) of the city's history, there is also a Berlin Wall Memorial you would want to visit. The Potsdamer Platz, divided into two by the Wall, is a newly developed area that is famous for a large shopping center and movie theatre complexes (混合体), and adds a bit of modern colour to Berlin's historical value.

Much like the other places that made the list, Berlin is also a city of art. The city has over one hundred and fifty museums in all, and a few of the ones providing an extraordinary experience include the Art Center Berlin Friedrichstrabe, the Museum of Indian Art, and the Museum of East Asian Art. Appreciating Berlin's art is much like taking a university course in itself and it can only be truly appreciated in several trips.

This is a story between a woman and a tree in America. 

Julia Hill was born in 1974. As she grew up, she realized it was important to protect trees. At the age of 23, she heard some bad news one day. A company wanted to cut down part of a forest in California. In the forest there was a 1,000-year-old redwood tree, which was 70 metres tall! Julia wasn't happy about this. She thought, "If I sit in the redwood tree, the company can't cut it down." 

So she traveled to California to protect the redwood tree. In order to stop the company, Julia climbed up the redwood tree, built a small treehouse and lived in it. Her friends cooked food for her every day. Many news reporters came to interview her. Julia talked to those reporters by mobile phone. 

Many people supported Julia, but other people were not on her side. They tried to stop her. The company used a helicopter to fly around her treehouse. It made a lot of noise and brought strong wind. But nothing could stop Julia. She stayed in the redwood tree for two years and eight days. 

In the end, Julia was successful. The company agreed not to cut down the redwood tree. Julia and her friends became very happy.

Peter's uncle lives in the country. He is a man full of humor (幽默). One day, Peter went to see his uncle. His uncle drove his car to the station to meet him. On their way home, they saw many people. His uncle waved (挥手) to everybody. Peter was surprised (惊奇) and said, "Uncle, you wave to everybody. Do you know all of them?"

"No, Peter," answered his uncle. "When I wave to someone who knows me, he'll feel happy. When I wave to someone and he doesn't know me, he will feel surprised and then he will have something to think about, he will make his road seem shorter (更短). So I can make everybody happy."