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1、 阅读理解
Researchers say they've used cutting-edge gravitational wave research to cast new light on a mystery—a 2000-year-old computer,the Antikythera mechanism found in shipwreck.
Well over a century after its discovery,researchers at the University of Glasgow say they've used statistical modeling techniques,originally designed to analyze gravitational waves —ripples in spacetime caused by major events in the universe such as two black holes combining —to suggest that the Antikythera mechanism was likely used to track the Greek lunar year. In short,it's a fascinating collision between modern-day science and the mysteries of an ancient artifact.
In a 2021 paper,researchers found that previously discovered and regularly spaced holes in a "calendar ring"were marked to describe the "motions of the sun,moon,and all five planets known in ancient Greeks and how they were displayed at the front as an ancient Greek universe. "Now,in a new study published in the Official Journal of the British Horological Institute,University of Glasgow gravitational wave researcher Graham Woan and research associate Joseph Bayley suggest that the ring was likely perforated (打孔)with 354 holes, which happens to be the number of days in a lunar year.
The team used statistical models derived from gravitational wave research,a large-scale physics experiment designed to measure ripples in spacetime millions of light-years from Earth and Bayesian analysis,a technique using probability to quantify uncertainty based on incomplete data,to calculate the likely number of holes in the mechanism using the positions of the surviving holes and the placement of the ring's surviving six fragments.
Surprisingly,the inspiration for the study came from a YouTuber Chris Budiselic,who has been attempting to physically recreate the ancient mechanism and investigating ways to determine just how many holes it contained.
"It's a neat symmetry that we've adapted techniques we use to study the universe today to understand more about a mechanism that helped people keep track of the heavens nearly two millennia ago,"Woan said.
"We hope that our findings about the Antikythera mechanism,although less supernaturally spectacular than those made by Indiana Jones,will help deepen our understanding of how this remarkable device was made and used by the Greeks,"Woan sadded.
(1)、What was the original purpose of the statistical modeling techniques?A、To study the Antikythera mechanism. B、To investigate ancient artifacts. C、To track the Greek lunar year. D、To analyze gravitational waves.(2)、How did the researchers calculate the likely number of holes in the mechanism?A、By using statistical models and Bayesian analysis. B、By observing the mechanism directly. C、By asking YouTuber Chris Budiselic. D、By observing the physical recreation of the mechanism.(3)、The underlined term"Bayesian analysis"in paragraph 4 refer to a technique .A、to recreate an ancient mechanism. B、to measure ripples in spacetime. C、to calculate uncertainty based on insufficient data. D、to calculate the positions of the surviving holes.(4)、What is the main idea of the text?A、Modern science was ideally combined with an ancient artifact. B、The Antikythera mechanism was discovered in a shipwreck. C、The mystery of the Antikythera mechanism remains unsolved. D、Gravitational wave research revealed the Antikythera mechanismt. -
2、 阅读理解
Children who were behind in their development at age 4-5 were almost three times as likely to have been out of education,employment,or training at age 16-17,analysis of pupil data has found.
4-5-ycar-olds in England are assessed by the Early Years Foundation Stage Profile,and those who reach the boundary of a"good level of development"are considered"school ready".
The new study in the journal BMC Public Health has found a significant gap in Not in Education,Employment or Training (NEET)outcomes between those who were ready and unready for primary school. The research drew on data from more than 8,000 Bradford young people whose records are linked as part of the Connected Bradford project. The research found that 11%of children who were not school ready went on to be NEET at 16-17, compared to just 4%of children who were school ready.
Lead author Dr Matthew Warburton,Research Officer at Leeds' School of Psychology, said:"These findings tell us that there are clear,early indicators for children and young people being at risk of disadvantage in late adolescence. As schools routinely collect this data,the research could be used to kickstart early intervention in schools based on primary school readiness. "
The research team,which also included academics from Lancaster University and the Bradford Institute for Health Research,say this shows a clear need for early intervention by schools to reduce disadvantage in later life.
This echoes the message from a series of N8 Child of the North and Centre for Young Lives reports on the need to put children and young people first. Senior author Dr Amy Atkinson,Lecturer in the Department of Psychology at Lancaster University said:"Data from the Early Years Foundation Stage Profile is readily available for millions of children and young people in England. This information could,and should,be used to identify pupils at increased risk of becoming NEET. "
(1)、What does the Early Years Foundation Stage Profile probably do?A、Record employment status. B、Monitor teenagers' progress. C、Evaluate primary school students. D、Assess 4-5-year-olds'development.(2)、What does Dr Matthew imply about the current situation of schools?A、They lack data for early intervention. B、They lack data to identify at-risk students. C、Early intervention is required. D、Early intervention have been done.(3)、What do we know about the data according to the last paragraph?A、It is rarely used in England. B、It is not enough for identifying NEET youth. C、It is used effectively for the NEET issue. D、It can solve the issue of NEET youth.(4)、The passage is structured in the following way .A、Introducing a topic-Describing related studies -Making suggestions B、Making a claim -Providing evidence-Drawing a conclusion C、Presenting a problem -Analyzing the causes -Offering solutions D、Raising a question-Discussing different opinions -Reaching an agreement -
3、 阅读理解
It was very late and everyone had left the cafe except an old man who sat in the shadow the leaves of the tree made against the electric light. In the day time the street was dusty,but at night the dew settled the dust and the old man liked to sit late because he was deaf and now at night it was quiet and he felt the difference,The two waiters inside the cafe knew that the old man was a little drunk,and while he was a good client they knew that if he became too drunk he would leave without paying,so they kept watch on him.
"Last week he tried to commit suicide,"one waiter said.
"Why?"
"He was in despair. "
"What about?"
"Nothing. "
"How do you know it was nothing?"
"He has plenty of money. "
They sat together at a table that was close against the wall near the door of the cafe and looked at the terrace(露台)where the tables were ll empty except where the old man sat in the shadow of the leaves of the tree that moved slightly in the wind.
"The guard will pick him up,"one waiter said.
"What does it matter if he gets what he's after?"
"He had better get off the street now. The guard will get him. They went by five minutes ago. "
The old man sitting in the shadow tapped his saucer with his glass. The younger waiter went over to him.
"What do you want?"
The old man looked at him. "Another brandy,"he said.
"You'll be drunk,"the waiter said. The old man looked at him. The waiter went away.
"He'll stay all night,"he said to his colleague. "I'm sleepy now. I never get into bed before three o'clock. He should have killed himself last week. "
The younger waiter took the brandy bottle and marched out to the old man's table.
"You should have killed yourself last week,"he said to the deaf man. The old man motioned with his finger. "A little more,"he said. The waiter poured on into the glass. "Thank you,"the old man said. The waiter took the bottle back inside the cafe. He sat down at the table with his colleague again.
(1)、What happened to the old man?A、He was in poverty and despair. B、He was caught in alcohol problem. C、He had lost hope and attempted suicide. D、He was abandoned by his family.(2)、Why did the younger waiter want to close the café early?A、He wanted to sleep. B、He had an appointment C、He didn't like the old man. D、He thought the old man is drunk.(3)、What is the younger waiter's attitude towards the old man?A、Sympathetic. B、Impatient. C、Respectful D、Moderate.(4)、The writing style in this story is characterized byA、complex and ambiguous plots B、spare and economical language. C、vivid and detailed dialogue. D、frequent use of similes. -
4、 阅读理解
Myrtle Beach Dolphin Cruise(乘船游览)& Dolphin Tours
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•Large boat with covered shade area,air-conditioned enclosed deck,and large open sun deck.
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(1)、If you don't see dolphins on your cruise,what can you do in a week?A、Get a full refund for their tickets. B、Purchase another cruise ticket online. C、Contact them for another cruise ticket. D、Complain to the local tourism authority.(2)、What is the unique online offer for this dolphin cruise?A、Buy 1 get 1 free for all tickets. B、50%off if reserving tickets in advance. C、Buy 1 get 1 free if booking tickets online. D、Free tickets for all children and the disabled.(3)、Which of the following can be inferred from the details?A、The price of the cruise is very high. B、There are not enough safety measures on the boat. C、The dolphin cruise is only popular among local people. D、The cruise provides comfortable and enjoyable experiences. -
5、 听材料,回答问题。(1)、Who will benefit from the mobile woodshop!A、Teens and young adults. B、Laid-off workers. C、Children.(2)、What is the goal of the mobile woodshop according to Margery?A、To help people kill time. B、To help people find jobs. C、To help people develop interests.(3)、Why did Ryan take the class?A、To learn new skills. B、To get a certificate. C、To improve his skills.
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6、 听材料,回答问题。(1)、How many employees will be fired?A、About 50. B、About 300. C、About 350.(2)、Where will the man's new staff come from?A、Australia. B、America. C、China.(3)、What can we learn from the conversation?A、The woman will be fired. B、The man will take over the woman company. C、The woman will work in the man's company.(4)、How can we describe the woman?A、Considerate. B、Practical. C、Ambitious.
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7、 听材料,回答问题。(1)、Why is the woman worried?A、She may break her legs. B、She has to run ten kilometers. C、She never runs a race before.(2)、What will the woman do on Saturday?A、Relax her body. B、Practice on the track. C、Make preparations in a gym.
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8、 听材料,回答问题。(1)、How will the club get the supplies?A、The man will supply them. B、The college will provide them. C、The members will bring their own.(2)、What has the man begun doing?A、Contacting people. B、Designing a website. C、Practising techniques.
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9、 What is the man in charge of?A、Organizing the meeting. B、Sending an email. C、Visiting some clients.
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10、 What does the woman advise the man to do?A、Go to the grocery store. B、Do shopping online. C、Visit the Internet cafe.
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11、 What does the man like doing?A、Taking pictures. B、Watching movies. C、Reading books.
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12、 What are the speakers mainly talking about?A、A boring TV series. B、A well-known star. C、Some good songs.
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13、 How does the woman probably feel in the end?A、She feels puzzled. B、She feels angry C、She feels embarrassed.
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14、 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Jon's Pajama Problem
Oh no, he had done it again. He'd forgotten something important. Last year on their family trip to his uncle's cottage for Christmas, he had forgotten the bag with the toiletries (洗漱用品) in it. Neither he nor his brother had toothbrushes or toothpaste or shampoo. He'd had to borrow from his cousins who were not thrilled to share, and Jon was not too thrilled that his hair smelled like strawberries all week.
The year before, Jon had left the marshmallows and graham crackers at home, so they had no mores for the evening fire and annual reading of "The Night Before Christmas". They had to nibble on (小口咬) some stale (不新鲜的) crackers instead. His cousins still teased him about that.
And now, Jon couldn't believe he had forgotten to pack his pajamas. At home, that wouldn't really be a problem: he had extra pajamas. But at the cottage, there were photographs dating back for years and years of Jon's family on Christmas morning in front of the tree in their pajamas. Jon was feeling awful. He would be the first one to break the family tradition ever. Would he ruin Christmas for everyone? What could he do?
He didn't want to tell his parents. He went looking around the cottage, and found an old T- shirt. That could work. He tried putting it on, but it was too small. He tried to stretch it, but it must have been washed 100 times, and it ripped when he pulled on it.
At this point, Jon was getting desperate. He snuck into his brother's luggage, trying to find some spare pajamas, only to find himself in trouble when his older brother caught him and yelled. His brother hated it when Jon messed with his stuff.
注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Then his brother told their parents.
Then came the next morning. Jon's mother said. "Before we take the Christmas photo, I have a special gift for someone."
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15、 假定你是李华,你的朋友Lucy因为不能良好处理和父母之间的关系而感到烦恼,向你写信求助,请你给她回信,内容包括:
1. 进行安慰;
2. 提出建议。
注意:
1. 写作词数应为80个左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Lucy,
I'm Li Hua,
Yours sincerely
Li Hua
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16、 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese brocade(云锦) has a history of 1,300 years. It (be) once for the Chinese elite. Now, young fashion(design) like it. Things like flames, beasts, weapons, and stars decorate the brocade. Flowers are a common pattern, like in a silk piece from the middle of the 18th century.
This art is very complex. Old craftsmen can only make about two (inch) of cloth a day. Traditional looms are 18 feet long and have thousands of parts. (Operate) them needs dozens of steps. Artisans sing songs to remember the process. The made fabric is bright, patterns made of silk, gold, and peacock-feather yarn.
The (early) Chinese brocade is from the Tang Dynasty. Different regional kinds (develop) in places like Nanjing and Chengdu. Silk museums there let tourists buy real brocade scarves and bags. Factories can't copy this complex fabric. It can only be made on traditional looms. It is a proud symbol of cultural heritage and (appeal) to older Chinese people. More and more new fashion designers are working with (tradition) weavers. Designer Chen Liwen launched a series of scarves and accessories for Gen Z consumers last year with the hu bu tiger pattern. Ancient brocade seems closely tied China's future.
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17、 阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In a small town, there was a young man named Tom. Although he was just a(n) 1 person, Tom had a very kind heart and a strong sense of 2 . The town had a serious shortage of clean water. This problem had a big influence on the 3 . It messed up their usual activities and was a big threat to their health.
Tom, decided to do something. He spent a lot of time, working day and night to find possible solutions. He 4 different organizations and asked for their help. Many people around him thought it was a 5 thing and told him to stop. But Tom was very firm in his decision and always positive.
He 6 a group of people and they started a 7 to make people know how important clean water is. They gave out flyers all over the town and even went to every house to 8 the situation. Their efforts slowly started to work. People from all 9 of jobs in the town were 10 by their hard work and began to offer their help and resources.
With the efforts of the whole community, a new water 11 system was finally put in. The town now had clean and 12 water. Tom's action not only solved the water problem but also made the people closer to each other. It 13 that even an ordinary person can make a big difference in 14 if they are 15 and have a positive attitude.
(1)A 、 famous B 、 criminal C 、 ordinary D 、 specific(2)A 、 duty B 、 patriotic C 、 working D 、 playing(3)A 、 government B 、 country C 、 town D 、 residents(4)A 、 experienced B 、 contacted C 、 associated D 、 participated(5)A 、 timeless B 、 meaningful C 、 useless D 、 illegal(6)A 、 got together B 、 got along with C 、 pieced together D 、 got back(7)A 、 meeting B 、 campaign C 、 business D 、 lecture(8)A 、 complain B 、 persuade C 、 explain D 、 argue(9)A 、 corners B 、 sorts C 、 positions D 、 salaries(10)A 、 shocked B 、 overwhelmed C 、 succeeded D 、 inspired(11)A 、 location B 、 transportation C 、 activation D 、 purification(12)A 、 safe B 、 warm C 、 dirty D 、 tidy(13)A 、 took B 、 showed C 、 posed D 、 wondered(14)A 、 life B 、 water C 、 society D 、 rural(15)A 、 bankrupted B 、 scheduled C 、 determined D 、 kind-minded -
18、 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
There is increasing evidence suggesting that ultra-processed food addiction is indeed a significant issue. These foods, which are carefully manufactured in industrial factories rather than in the familiar setting of grandma's kitchen, are filled with altered ingredients that are artfully combined to enhance fat, sugar, and salt levels. Moreover, they contain a lots of flavor and sensory enhancers, which render them irresistibly appealing. Examples of ultra-processed foods range from packaged snacks to fast food and mass-produced desserts. In fact, they account for nearly 60 percent of the calories consumed in the United States.
Studies have revealed that up to 20 percent of adults and 15 percent of kids and adolescents might exhibit signs of addiction to these foods, a phenomenon that has been recognized for decades as rat studies in the 1980s demonstrated that the brain's reward system is powerfully activated when rats consume certain foods, a reaction similar to that when they self-administer cocaine.
In recent years, as the obesity rate in America has soared to 42 percent, especially among Black and Hispanic populations, scientists have been devoting increased attention to the impact of ultra-processed food addiction. These foods not only activate the brain's reward system but also may involve the gut-microbiology. Symptoms of craving and withdrawal are clearly evident with ultra-processed foods. People will go to great lengths to obtain these foods, and when they are refused, they may experience a series of discomforts such as headaches, fatigue, and irritability(易怒的). A study in 2022 found that ultra-processed foods meet the same addiction criteria as tobacco products.
High consumption of ultra-processed foods is linked to numerous health problems, including heart disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, depression, anxiety, and an increased risk of death. Thin people can also be addicted, perhaps burning off the extra calories through exercise or having a genetic predisposition(易患病体质) not to gain weight easily. Food companies argue against denying these foods, but experts advocate for clear nutritional labels and restrictions on marketing to children. Treating food addictions remains an open question, but there is hope that people will become more aware of the dangers, just as they did with smoking.
(1)、What is paragraph 1 of the text mainly about ?A、The ultra-processed food's calorie. B、The ultra-processed food's production. C、The ultra-processed food's feature. D、The ultra-processed food's popularity.(2)、What has the rat study found about ultra-processed food in 1980s ?A、It works like cocaine. B、It will reward the brain. C、It has powerful addiction. D、It is same as cocaine.(3)、Which is the disadvantage of ultra-processed food according to this text ?A、It has much more calories than any other foods. B、It will make you addicted and feel uncomfortable. C、It will make those who is genetic predisposition ill. D、It will burn out all your calories in your body.(4)、What's the writer's opinion about the ultra-processed food in the future ?A、It must be resolved someday. B、It will automatically disappear. C、It is a dangerous question. D、It is a question to be resolved. -
19、 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
The ancient Egyptians were known for their carefully record-keeping, documenting prayers, declarations, and taxes. This extensive writing has now been linked to physical marks on the bones of the kingdom's scribes, as revealed in a new study published in Scientific Reports.
The study focused on the bones of 69 adult men buried between 2,700 and 2,180 B.C. at Abusir. The researchers identified 30 of these individuals as either professional scribes or high-status officials who needed language skills for their work. These scribes exhibited specific physical characteristics related to their occupation. Many had osteoarthritis in their right collar bone, shoulder, and thumb, likely due to the repetitive movements involved in writing. Their ankle and leg bones were flat from sitting cross-legged for extended periods, and they also showed signs of spinal(脊柱) osteoarthritis, possibly from looking up to listen and then bending over to write on papers.
An fascinating finding was the prevalence of jaw joint issues among the scribes, which
the researchers speculate might be associated with chewing on reed(芦苇) pens. The ink for these pens was typically black from soot(烟灰) or red from iron for important documents.
However, not all scholars are convinced by the study's conclusions. Cynthia Wilczak and Danny Wescott, who were not involved in the research, argue that more evidence is necessary. Only six of the 30 bones were confirmed to be scribes based on their titles, while the rest were identified based on their tomb locations and social status. Additionally, there is no dental evidence to support the theory that the scribes chewed on pens.
Despite these criticisms, Brukner Havelková and her team aim to expand their research by examining scribe remains from other locations to confirm their findings. While this study is just the beginning, it offers a unique perspective into the lives of ancient Egyptian scribes and the physical cost their work demanded.
(1)、What does Scientific Reportsfound ?A、Ancient Egyptians are fond of recording. B、The scribe's bone has some marks. C、The Ancient Egyptian's documents. D、The bones of Kingdom's scribes.(2)、What may best explain the underlined word "osteoarthritis" ?A、It's a kind of disease. B、It's a kind of bone. C、It's some substances in the bone. D、It's a clothes without collar.(3)、How does Cynthia and Danny think of the conclusion ?A、They think it's evident. B、They think it's critical. C、They think it's skeptical. D、They think it's crucial.(4)、What's the writer's attitude towards Brukner's research ?A、Negative B、Neutral C、Doubtful D、Approval -
20、 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Edward Ndiritu joined Lewa Wildlife Reserve in central Kenya in 1996 as a rhino monitor. Back then, illegal hunting had greatly reduced the country's black rhino population. Worried that they might become extinct, he worked his way up to lead Lewa's anti-hunting team. In 2015, his team's community-focused conservation method won him the first Wildlife Ranger Award from conservation charity Tusk.
He grew up in a village between Mount Kenya and the Aberdare Forest, which was once a wildlife route for migrating elephants and black rhinos. He saw them disappear gradually. He realized that hunting and the disruptive actions of the community were the reasons. The demand for rhino horn(角), which is very valuable in Asia, drives hunters. They are part of a big and rich crime network. There are people who help them by giving them equipment. In 2011 and 2012, Lewa had many difficulties. They lost rhinos. It was found that those involved in hunting were also linked to human smuggling(走私) and other illegal activities.
The hunting challenge has changed. Hunters now have networks, get information from the local community, and use technology like phones and motorbikes. Edward's team has adapted by using cameras, sensors, trackers, and a system that tells them when and where hunting might happen. They also work closely with the community, which is now the first
line of defense. Lewa gives agricultural training, medical help, and business support to rural women. This makes locals more likely to report hunting before it happens.
To be a good forest guard, one needs to be honest, tough, and motivated. Edward now knows that making sure the forest guards are happy and well is very important. He is hopeful about wildlife conservation in Lewa. Funding is a problem, but organizations like Tusk are helping. Conservation is about people. Looking after those outside the reserve is necessary for the future of wildlife. Only when communities can live in harmony with the animals they see every day will there be a good future for wildlife.
(1)、What motivated Edward to lead the anti-hunting team?A、Fear of extinction. B、Love for animals. C、Desire for awards. D、Pressure from community.(2)、What can we learn about Edward Ndiritu from the first two paragraphs ?A、He hunted the rhino before 1996. B、He grew up in the forest. C、He had won an award in 1996. D、He had promoted to be the leader.(3)、How did Edward get support from the locals ?A、By using technologies like networks. B、By offering help like medical help. C、By using tools like sensors and trackers. D、By working closely with locals.(4)、What is crucial for the future of wildlife according to the passage ?A、More forest guards. B、Strong laws. C、Community living in harmony with animals. D、Increased funding.