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Dogs raised in shelters generally only start intentionally communicating with humans through their eye contact as young adults. But puppies brought up in someone's home might speed up their communication with people, says Riemer.

To learn more, Riemer and her colleagues studied 83 puppies, aged 41 to 52 days, of eight different types that were raised by 11 breeders (饲养员) in their homes. While the breeders were present, Riemer — with whom the puppies were familiar took each dog into an unknown room of its home. She then presented each puppy with an unsolvable task or a colourful, battery-operated toy similar to a paper bag, which she doubted the puppies would be careful about. For the task, the puppies first learned that food was under an overturned plastic cup, but it was later glued and couldn't be knocked over.

The researchers recorded if the puppies alternated contact between either the toy or the glued cup and a person's face within 2 seconds. They discovered that 69 percent of them alternated their eye contact with the toy and 46 percent did so with the glued cup.

The findings suggest that puppies often try to communicate with people when they have gained from repeated and early positive interactions with humans, says Kristy Gould at Luther College in Iowa. "They could be looking at the human to gain information about why they can't solve the task or whether the new object is safe to interact with, or they could be looking at the human for agreement to interact further with the object since the human may or may not encourage this behaviour," says Gould.

Manifest isn't a new word; it's been used since at least the 1400s to mean "clear" or "obvious. " But as time went on, it had different meanings. Its modern meaning — "to imagine achieving something you want, with the belief that imagining it will make it happen" — was first used in the early 1900s. This is the version (版本) of the word that's become popular today.

Cambridge Dictionary's Wendalyn Nicols explained that the Word of the Year is chosen based on three things: how popular the word is during the year, how it relates to important events, and how interesting it is as a word. And "manifest" was certainly popular — the word was looked up over 130, 000 times on the Cambridge Dictionary website in 2024.

The word "manifest" gained traction thanks to celebrities (名人) like singer Dua Lipa, US gymnast Simone Biles, and England soccer player Ollie Watkins, who all said "manifesting" helped them achieve their goals.

"Manifesting is a big thing for me, " Dua Lipa told Time in April. The 2024 year was a big year for the singer, as she headlined the legendary Glastonbury music festival in England in June. As she stood on the stage, she shared how she had "manifested" the moment. "I've written this moment down and wished for it and dreamed it and worked so hard," she said to the crowd.

But not everyone is a fan of manifesting. Dr. Sander van der Linden, a psychologist from Cambridge University, believes manifesting is just "magical thinking" with no scientific proof that it actually works. "However, it is necessary to understand the difference between the power of positive thinking and moving reality with your mind — the former is healthy, while the latter is an unfounded belief," he said.

Adichie moved to the United States for college, where she studied communication, political science, and creative writing. Her experience in the U. S. influenced her works deeply, as she observed cultural misunderstandings and stereotypes (刻板印象) about Africa. She used these observations to shape her unique writing style, mixing her Nigerian roots with her international outlook.

Her first novel, Purple Hibiscus (2003), follows a Nigerian family dealing with personal and societal struggles. It received international praise and established Adichie as a rising star. Her second novel, Half of a Yellow Sun (2006), explores the Biafran War and its influence on ordinary people, while her third, Americanah (2013), examines themes of self-discovery, race, and migration (移民) through the story of a Nigerian woman living in the U. S. These works not only earned her countless awards but also challenged stereotypes about African life, offering a rich and detailed view of her homeland.

Adichie is also a supporter of gender (性别) equality. Her TED Talk, We Should All Be Feminists, became a big success and was even adapted into a book. Today, she continues to write and speak on topics like culture and self-discovery, using her voice to connect people and promote understanding across different communities.

What can you do with TED-Ed?

●Discover ideas that spark the curiosity of learners.

You'll find thousands of video-based lessons organized by the subjects you teach.

●Create unique lessons for your students.

You can search for and select a video, then add interactive (互动的) questions, discussion topics and more to create lessons and share with your students online and track the results.

●Inspire your students to share their big ideas. 0

In our Student Talks program, your students will learn how to discover, explore and present their big ideas like TED-style talks.

● Share your big idea in a TED-style talk.

TED-Ed focuses on celebrating the ideas of educators around the world. And you can create your own TED-style talks through our TED Masterclass program.

How to apply?

●Choose your start date.

When applying, you can select April 1, August 1 or December 1 as your start date. Think about when you would like to start using this program with your students.

●Submit (提交) an application.

It takes 5-10 minutes to fill out the application by giving details about your school, your role as an educator, your students, and your plans.

●Check your email.

After applying, you will receive an email with the status of your application and questions about your application. Once accepted, you will be able to use the service for 12months.

Click "Apply here" to get more guidance in selecting your start date.

Music makes you express your emotion.

. This way your brain conveys the thoughts without speaking a word. When we try to express some sad emotion, you will use soft and deep music.

Music is an extremely unique way to develop the capability of memorising. The best example to prove this sentence is that you can easily learn something in the form of songs. The reason behind learning a song quickly is that your mind enjoys music.Whatever your minds enjoy, it keeps it.

Music makes you creative.

Music is key to creativity. It helps you in improving your mind by making it more artistic. No matter what the great invention is, it requires art. Creativity is fulfilled by music.

Music improves your fine reasoning skills.

During a study of children, it was shown that if children are exposed to three or more years of musical training, these same kids performed better.. They had better listening and speaking skills than those who had none. The children even tested better for vocabulary and reasoning skills.

A. This was the result

B. Music is an art of beauty

C. Some music makes you tearful

D. Music makes you live a better life

E. Music makes learning more pleasant

F. You should choose some kind of music with powerful beats

G. You usually play the music that reflects your thoughts or your emotions

In the study, psychologists Audrey and Ruud, both at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, stuck electrodes (电极) on the participants' heads. They asked the participants to type out or hand write with a digital pen words that appeared on a computer screen. Sensors in a cap recorded electrical brain activity. Then the psychologists looked for when two brain areas are active with the same frequency of electrical waves at the same time. This result can reveal the connectivity among different regions across the brain.

With handwriting, the researchers saw increased activity, specifically in low frequency bands, not only in the expected motor areas but also in others associated with learning. These low frequency bands have previously been shown to support memory processes. When the team compared the two tasks, they realized that handwriting —but not typing —increased the connectivity across parietal (顶叶) brain regions, which are involved in sensory and motor processing, and central regions, many of which are involved in memory.

"Even when the movements are very similar, the activation seems much, much higher in handwriting," Audrey says. "It shows that there's more involvement of these brain regions when you're handwriting, which might give you some specific advantages."

These findings suggest that there are distinct processes of brain activation happening while a person types or writes. This boost of stimulation of handwriting facilitates learning because these particular waves between these areas are involved in memory formation and encoding (编码) .

And although handwriting may help with learning processes, typing is often easier, faster and more practical. "Students and teachers alike should therefore consider the task at hand to decide to hand write or type," Audrey says. Despite the need for more studies to determine the best learning strategy, experts say that handwriting shouldn't be left behind in the digital age. "Schools need to bring in more writing into curriculum design," Ruud says.

During that hot summer, little Sammy and his sister Marie spent their vacation at their grandparents' farm. The farm was filled with fun and adventure, but one day, an unfortunate accident occurred. While playing, Sammy accidentally shot his grandmother's beloved pet duck with a slingshot (弹弓). Panicked, he quickly hid the duck behind a pile of old wood in the yard. He was afraid to tell his grandmother the truth, worried about being punished.

However, what he didn't know was that his sister Marie had seen the entire event. The next day, when Grandma asked Marie to wash the dishes, Marie seized the opportunity to shift the responsibility onto Sammy. She said, "Sammy told me he wanted to help in the kitchen today, Grandma." Sammy was shocked and confused because he had not said such a thing. Marie approached him and whispered threateningly, "Remember the duck?" It was then that Sammy realized Marie had seen his secret and was now using it to make him do the housework she didn't want to do.

This situation continued for several days. Whenever there were household chores to be done, Marie would threaten Sammy with "Remember the duck?". Sammy felt an increasing burden of guilt and responsibility.

注意：续写词数应为 80左右。

Finally, he couldn't bear the secret and pressure any longer and decided to tell everything to Grandma

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1．让父母监管电子设备；

2．为周末学习设立小目标；

3．找个学习伙伴。

注意：1．字数80-100词左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3．开头结尾已给出，但不计入总词数；

4．在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Dear David,

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

It is widely accepted that optimistic attitudes promote health as well as happiness. The secret of a long life is (universe) desired and has long been sought. Today we can reveal it: always look on the bright side. A huge research project(lead) by scientists at the Boston University School of Medicine concludes that optimists live (long).

Lewina Lee, lead author of the study, said, "A lot of evidence(suggest) that exceptional longevity( 长 寿 ) is widely accompanied by a longer span of good health and living disability. Therefore our findings raise an exciting possibility we may be able to promote health and   happiness by(develop) positive attitudes such as optimism."

However, the study doesn't suggest that we should aim for great pleasure. Sadness is important part of the human condition. Any normal person sometimes experience disappointment, ambitions and the(lose) of loved ones. But for many people, these matters of human existence (transform) into an abnormal state of despair. There is a vital place in public health for providing mental treatment in helping to correct these cognitive errors. It is not weakness to be defeated by setbacks. It is merely a mistake.

Potter spends her time making blankets and beds for dogs to keep them5. When asked why, she said, "I'm just6 to do it for them. It makes me feel so good to know they're not going to be lying on a hard floor." She wove her simple7 into kindness and shared them with the animals in need.

The beds made by Potter are donated to adoption centers. It's a8 for a 93-year-old to do most of the basic stuff, yet Potter9 her time each day to creating 30 beds in a month. "I cut up cloth for days until I have enough to stuff with," she said.

This is a double dose of kindness from Potter's10. Not only does Potter help animals, but she also cares for the11 by reusing the scrap fabric (碎布).

Even at 93, nothing12 Potter from spreading kindness each day. She looks beyond to understand the13 of these animals who can't speak for themselves. She makes us reflect on whether we're so thoughtful when it comes to helping others. Her14 show a little kindness goes a long way. And Potter has15 that right month after month by creating a warm place for the animals at adoption centers.