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Unofficially, there have been claims of older tortoises, including one believed to have been 255 years old when it died in 2006. Researchers have not been able to pin down exactly what keeps them around for so long, but their slow-motion lifestyle may have something to do with it.

Giant tortoises have very slow metabolisms (新陈代谢), which means they burn energy at a slower rate than smaller and faster animals. Physiologist Max Rubner introduced the rate of living theory. The theory suggested aninverse relationship between metabolism and lifespan, which means that the faster the metabolism, the shorter the life. Scientists have had some issues with the theory over the past century, but it did produce the phrase "‘live fast, die young", and it serves as the basis for more research on the topic.

The link between metabolism and longevity (长寿) is still not understood. Some scientists believe that metabolism is linked to the creation of free radicals (自由基). They are the molecules (分子) that damage cells and that increase as more energy is burned by the body. According to this theory, tortoises live longer because their slow metabolisms bum less energy. which means less harm to the cells in their bodies.

Theories on aging alone don't fully explain how tortoises live much longer than humans, but their reproductive (繁殖的) life and size may give an explanation. Because of their massive hard shells and their geographic isolation (they only live on a few specific islands), giant tortoises have very few enemies to worry about. This means giant tortoises don't have to rush into reproduction to keep their species alive.

Each theory has its limitations and unanswered questions, but scientists believe that a combination of biological and evolutionary factors is what keeps giant tortoises alive for so long.

Born in Tokyo in 1952, Sakamoto was introduced to the piano as a toddler (学步的幼儿), and he went on to study at Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music. He was always drawn to sounds around him. As a high schooler in Tokyo, Sakamoto had to ride a train every morning to attend classes, He amused himself by listening to the sounds the train made.

In 1978, he co-founded the pioneering techno-pop group Yellow Magic Orchestra. Less than a decade later, Sakamoto became the first Japanese composer to win the Academy Award for Best Original Score (配乐) for the 1987 movie The Last Emperor, directed by Italian filmmaker Berardo Bertolucci. Before his Oscar glory, he appeared in Japanese director Nagisa Oshima's 1983 film Mery Christmas, Mr. Lawrence, alongside British rock legend David Bowie. Sakamoto also composed the Film's music, which won him a British Academy of Film and Television Arts award.

In 1992, Sakamoto composed music for the opening ceremony of the Barcelona Summer Olympics and spent the rest of the decade productively making music. In 2014, he was forced to take the first significant break in his career due to throat cancer. A little more than a year later, he announced that he had recovered. However, he was diagnosed with colon (结肠) cancer in2020.

The death of the pioneering Japanese composer has left the music and film industry and fans across the globe in grief. "I'm just shocked and too sad to speak a word," said Japanese actor-director Takeshi Kitano, who co-stared with Sakamoto in Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence.

Jane was still sleeping when the phone rang in the living room. She opened her sleepy eyes and looked at the clock on the table. It was already nine o'clock! Although Jane was still very sleepy, she knew she had to get up because her mother was working in her office and she couldn't expect her younger brother Tom, who was sleeping like a pig, to answer the Phone. She quickly put on a coat and ran to the living room. When she picked up the receiver, on the other end came the warm greeting, "Good morning!"

It was from her father, who was a seaman and rarely came back. Suddenly, Jane's sleepiness disappeared.

Born in a not-so-rich family, Jane and Tom felt the stress of life, but they were happy to enjoy the family atmosphere. At school, they were straight-A students and took part in various after-school activities. They were the pride of the family.

"Good morning, Dad. Why do you call us so early on the weekend?" Jane said and pretended to be annoyed. "Tom and I have been very nice recently." "My dear, today is your mother's birthday, and I have ordered a cake online and it will be sent to our home late in the afternoon. Do remember to take the cake. It is my surprise for your mother."

Hearing her father's words, Jane felt a little ashamed. How could she forget her mother's birthday?!

While she was chatting with her father, Jane looked around the room and saw a lot of dirty clothes on the sofa. The floor hadn't been cleaned for a few days since her mother had to work all this week.

She looked at the clock again and was sure that she still had enough time to prepare a surprise for her mother.

"Well, Dad, now I'm going to wake Tom up. We will give Mum a surprise, too!" Jane said and hung up the telephone.

注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Jane hurried to Tom's room and shared her plan with him.

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"Happy birthday, Mum!" Jane and Tom shouted when their mother opened the door.

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It was Christmas Eve morning, and I awoke with a mission: to find my lost cat, Daisy. Sure, it had been six months since she'd gone missing, but I still had faith. It was the season for miracles, after all.

She was a beautiful lady, her fur a soft blend of brown, gold, and black stripes (条纹). Most importantly, she was a smart cat. I used to take her everywhere I could in a carrier (猫笼), and she was so clever that she learned to walk into it on her own, something I never thought a cat would do. At home, Daisy would enjoy a good nap curled up inside my parents' fireplace. We loved her so much that she was in the family's Christmas picture every year. So, we wouldn't like her missing this year's.

Dad always supported me, but he was so skeptical. He spent a whole lot of time trying to prepare me for the worst despite the fact that he spent all six months looking for the cat. "She's either been hit by a car or been taken in by someone who found her," he said. I rolled my eyes! He could do with a little more faith! Besides, though I couldn't explain it, I knew I'd see Daisy again. She'd been a stray (走失的宠物) when I found her — a tough little girl that had survived all on her own. If any cat could do the impossible, it was my Daisy.

This Christmas, I was determined to pick up my search. I grabbed Daisy's cat carrier and loaded it into the car, then asked my dad to drive me to the shelter, hoping she'd been found. My eyes scanned cats of all shapes and sizes at the shelter. Much to my disappointment, none of them was my Daisy. We drove through the town without rest, checking every shelter and asking everyone we could find, but each response was the same: no one had seen her. Finally, we pulled over in front of the last shelter in town.

注意：

(1)续写词数应为150个左右；

(2)请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。

I stepped into the house and heard a familiar meow.

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I knew I had to prove to the staff that she was my cat.

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1. 活动内容；

2. 收获和感受。

注意：

1. 写作词数应为80个左右；

2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Dear Chris,

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Yours,

Li Hua

As the internet advances, having to input a verification code (验证码) when (log) into websites has become unavoidable. Have you ever struggled to distinguish between an ‘I', an ‘L' and a ‘l'? have you ever been asked to click on the bus among nine different squares, feeling like you are being treated as a fool?

This verification method, including numbers, texts and images, is known as CAPTCHA system, which stands for "Completely Automated Public Turing Test to Tell Computers and Humans Apart". It checks users are human by giving tasks that are double for people but impossible for bots (机器人程序), which stops scammers (骗子) from using bots (misuse) websites.

CAPTCHA sounds completely positive to (human). However, ever since reCAPTCHA, a free CAPTCHA service,    (launch) in 2007, people might have been working as "data annotation (标注) laborers" free. The verification helps digitize books, newspapers and old radio shows.

For example, reCAPTCHA shows users one word that can be recognized by a (scan) and one word that cannot, such as a distorted (变形的) word from a newspaper. If users get the first word right, the system trusts their answer for the second word. Therefore, by answering verification questions, the user is (manual) transforming paper-copy materials into digital text.

As keen walkers, the long distance didn't3 us. We loved the idea of discovering parts of the city we had never seen. Every yard offered a glimpse into the4 of those who owned it. Some were rich with apple trees. Others were covered with wood and broken metal. But more than the scenery and steps taken, the biggest discovery was the thoughtful5 shared between us.

I admitted my fondness for romance novels. Martha revealed she was6 with tiny free libraries. There is a calming joy in7 the pavement; along with a(n)8 of talk that comes without the face-to-face intensity. With every footstep, we became better listeners and our friendship9.

Sure, as winter10, there were some days we wanted to stay in our beds, but what had started as a cheerful project had become11, a meet-up essential to our mental and physical health.

Three years and six pairs of shoes later, we had12 the 542.4 kilometers. We have been13 changed by what started as a "what if" project. Now, full of14, we are planning our next big walking adventure. As long as we are able, we'll keep15 ourselves out of bed to put one foot in front of the other. By doing so, we'll continue to find ourselves and each other.

Group study is a common practice among students of all ages. It is commonly believed to be an effective way to supplement individual learning.

When studying in a group, it is important to establish clear goals and expectations. Each member should have a role and responsibility to ensure that the group stays on track. He or she can guide the group and make sure everyone is participating. Group study can be beneficial in many different ways.

Each member brings a unique perspective and set of skills to the group, which can enhance the learning experience. It can also be helpful to have someone explain a concept or problem in a different way, which can make it easier to understand.

Group study can also increase motivation and responsibility. When studying alone, it can be easy to procrastinate (拖延) or lose focus. This can help keep everyone on track and motivated to complete the task at hand.

Despite those benefits, group study can present challenges. Some members may prefer visual aids, while others may prefer hands-on activities or auditory learning. External distractions, such as noise or interruptions, can also be a challenge in group study. However, by working collaboratively, group members can overcome these challenges and have a successful study session.

Overall, group study can be a valuable tool for students of all ages. By working together, students can enhance their learning experience and achieve their academic goals.

A. It is also important to have an appointed leader.

B. It is common to encounter different learning styles.

C. Group study can have a positive impact on preventing study-related stress.

D. One of the benefits is the opportunity to share knowledge and learn from others.

E. Therefore, studying in a group requires careful planning, communication, and collaboration.

F. However, when studying in a group, every member has a sense of responsibility to the other members.

G. It involves studying in a group of two or more people, where each member contributes to the learning process.

Struck by their conversation with Anderson and alarmed at how unusual species were ignored, the Italian scientists set out to find out how well species were represented in the emoji library. The answer wasn't satisfactory at all: animals were well represented by available emojis but plants, fungi and microorganisms(微生物) were not. "Our findings confirm a typical prejudice in biodiversity research and a feature of human psychology," said Mammola. "We usually feel more caring and sympathetic towards living things that are genetically closer to us."

"A good representation of species on social media can arouse interest in unfamiliar organisms, greatly help publicize the message that biodiversity is much more than just cats, dogs, lions and pandas, and indirectly help conservation efforts," said Mammola. "There are an impressive number of organisms, and all of them play a fundamental role on our planet, even the ones we know less about."

Some scientists have taken steps to describe their research on their phone keyboards with images instead of words. However, according to Mammola, the number of animal species represented rose from 45 in 2015 to 92 in 2022, yet the number of plants, fungi and microorganisms represented barely increased.

Anderson said she wanted emojis for organisms like aquatic fungi as reflections of increased public awareness and indicators of their ecological value. "Having an emoji indicates that an organism is valued or important enough to be part of daily conversation," she said.

Perhaps we don't feel we deserved it, or we don't think it was a responsible way to spend our money. What if we told you that you shouldn't feel bad about your guilty pleasures and that they are actually fantastic for you? Keep reading to discover why you should indulgeoccasionally.

Psychologists say that buying things for yourself can make you feel better because it gives you a chance to take control of your situation. It can also give you social contact and a confidence boost from changes you make to your self-image. When you feel under the weather, treating yourself might be the lift you need. When you buy a treat, you might just be looking after yourself and maintaining a positive outlook.

Permitting yourself to enjoy things can help you deal with symptoms of anxiety and depression. It can even be a protective factor against depression. Life isn't easy, and when we're struggling, we need to be kind to ourselves. Indulging in the things that bring us joy can envelop us in comfort during tough times. As long as your guilty pleasure is harmless, there is no reason not to do it. Our brain's neural pathways light up when we do things we enjoy. This makes it easier to gain feelings of happiness.

As we said earlier, guilt and happiness can be mixed up in our minds. Rather than fighting them or trying to replace them, welcome them. Eventually, embracing these feelings can enhance your overall well-being and happiness.

However, baking was something that always brought her joy as a child. One day while helping out in the neighborhood, Deegan picked up a handheld mixer and started baking. "My life was just out of control, but baking is such a controlled thing, where if you take the right steps and follow the directions, you'll get a pretty exact result," she said.

Deegan started bringing her homemade baked cookies to people's homes, which helped her reconnect with people. "Feeding people is such a universal love language," she said. However, she was still trying to figure out how to find a career at 27 years old. She had no real work experience and she couldn't put ‘quit drinking' on her resume.

Deegan's life shifted in 2015. Encouraged by her friends, she challenged herself to see if she could sell just one pie. She sold dozens! She began baking out of her tiny apartment and eventually launched an official business in 2017. She spent four years developing a pie crust cookie recipe, which has since become the bread and butter of her business. "People have been walking, running and lining up to get cookies, and it's just been so magical seeing that," she said.

When she needs more help, Deegan says she looks for anyone who is just excited to work, even if they don't have any experience. After her own struggle, she realized that the desire to work was better than having a certain skill set. And she became a second-chance employer, hiring women out of prison or the shelter system. "You just have to walk through the door and be ready, willing and able and excited to show up and work andyou' ve got a job," Deegan told the reporter.

Lands End Trail

Notes: Partly wheelchair accessible; dog-friendly

This rugged stretch of coastline in the northwest corner of San Francisco features breathtaking vistas of the Golden Gate Strait, the new Lands End Lookout visitor center, and access to the epic ruins of Sutro Baths.

Phleger Estate: Miramontes Trail

Notes: Horses permitted

Formerly the estate of a San Francisco lawyer, this southern Golden Gate National Parks site features cascading creeks, redwood and fir forests, with remnants of the logging industry along Union Creek.

Tennessee Valley Trail

Notes: Partially wheelchair accessible; bike-friendly

Named after the SS Tennessee wreck (沉船), this Marin Headlands valley is ideal for a family day hike. If you time your visit with low tide, you can spot the engine of the shipwrecked SS Tennessee from the cove at the trail's end.

Golden Gate Bridge

Notes: wheelchair accessible; bike-friendly

What could be more iconic in San Francusco than the Golden Gate Bridge? The world-famous bridge is a perfect hiking destination for visitors, with its 1.7-mile span offering stunning views of the Golden Gate Strait and San Francisco Bay, along with plenty of spots for family photos.

For more ideas, please click here and find a trail that's perfect for your appetite.

1.活动的时间和地点；

2.活动的内容和意义。

注意：1.词数80左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Peter,

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Yours sincerely,

Li Hua