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1、假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。今年世界地球日的主题为"Planet vs. Plastics", 你校将举办相关活动。你的笔友Jim发来邮件,询问该活动的情况。请你用英文给他回复,内容包括:
1. 活动内容;
2. 你的任务。
注意:
1. 词数100左右;
2. 开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
Yours,
Li Hua
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2、阅读下面短文,根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
If you are a psychology enthusiast, you have probably heard of the famous marshmallow test (棉花糖实验). In this task, kids are given a marshmallow, and are told that they can eat that marshmallow now, or wait a little while, and have two marshmallows instead. Some kids eat the marshmallow immediately, but most try their best to wait for two.
When the researchers followed up with those kids later in life, children who waited longer had better life outcomes: more academic success, better social behavior, and even markers of better health. They believe those children who keep waiting are the ones with the most self-control-a key factor in success, and that's why they are so successful later.
But what if the behavior in the marshmallow test has more to do with cultural norms than self-control?
A 2022 study tested the idea that children may decide how long to wait for rewards based on what they are accustomed to waiting for in their culture. For example, in the United States, there is no widespread mealtime custom of waiting until everyone is served. In Japan, however, there is.
Because of this difference in norms, the researchers hypothesized that Japanese children would wait longer in the marshmallow test than the American children. This is exactly what they found later in experiments.
But this isn't conclusive evidence; after all, maybe Japanese children actually have better self-control, or maybe they differ from American children in other ways that could explain the result.
In the U. S. , gifts are usually given on special occasions and children usually have to wait before they can unwrap their presents. In Japan, however, gift-giving happens more often, and children usually open presents immediately.
Given these cultural differences, scientists expected that if they ran the test with gifts instead of marshmallows, American kids would wait longer. Once again, their hypothesis was correct.
This is a powerful result because it demonstrates the importance of culture and habit in shaping behavior. If a child waits only few minutes before giving up on two marshmallows but much longer to unwrap a gift, can we really say that child lacks self-control? I don't think so. I think it just means that they are adjusting well to their social settings.
(1)、According to the researchers, why do children who wait longer have better life outcomes?(2)、What was the purpose of the 2022 study?(3)、 Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.(4)、 Besides the cases mentioned in the passage, please give one or two examples to show how culture shapes your behavior. (In about 40 words) -
3、根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Today, what we have, is an always-in-your-pocket, 24/7 news cycle. When you open a news app, you'll notice a brief moment when the "old news" is still there. In a flash, the ancient history of a few hours ago is swept away for the next "breaking news". It's endless, but you had better keep up.
Researchers introduce this world to the phrase, "noise bottleneck". A noise bottleneck is where we are overwhelmed with so much information or noise that our cognitive (认知的) abilities can't keep up. Thus, while our attention can watch hours. of videos, our long-term learning processes can't.
We watch TV holding our phones, and we listen to music while shopping. However, the human brain might have structural limitation rooted in the cognitive architecture which causes the slowing down that occurs when two tasks are performed at the same time.
In short, your brain is not as good as you think it is. You are a human being who can only take in so much a day. Understanding the noise bottleneck allows us to fix it. So, here are three tips to get you going:
Clear your content-set up a new account on social media and follow only accounts or people that you think are really valuable.
Single-task-you don't need to rid the phone but do rid the distractions. Say, "I will only read this magazine after dinner. Multitasking is for show; single-tasking is for pros.
Accept your limits-you'll never read all the news. Accept you can only choose two or three and embrace that fact. You're getting more out of those few than that "super-productive" person on social media who says they read five books a week. After all, it's better to have a little remembered than a lot forgotten.
A. Give yourself a time limit or restriction if it helps.
B. Don't beat yourself up that you're being unproductive.
C. Every second, you are presented with new information.
D. Breaking through the noise bottleneck is a legendary idea.
E. The matter is made worse by our modern addiction to multitasking.
F. Multitasking has dramatically changed the way we use information.
G. Our brains have limited resources, spread across numerous functions.
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4、阅读理解
When I teach research methods, a major focus is peer review. As a process, peer review evaluates academic papers for their quality, integrity and impact on a field, largely shaping what scientists accept as "knowledge"- By instinct, any academic follows up a new idea with the question, "Was that peer reviewed?"
Although I believe in the importance of peer review and I help do peer reviews for several academic journals-I know how vulnerable the process can be.
I had my first encounter with peer review during my first year as a Ph. D student. One day, my adviser handed me an essay and told me to have my -written review back to him in a week. But at the time, I certainly was not a "peer"--I was too new in my field. Manipulated data (不实的数据) or substandard methods could easily have gone undetected. Knowledge is not self-evident. Only experts would be able to notice them, and even then, experts do not always agree on what they notice.
Let's say in my life I only see white swans. Maybe I write an essay, concluding that all swans are white. And a "peer" says, "Wait a minute, I've seen black swans. "I would have to refine my knowledge.
The peer plays a key role evaluating observations with the overall goal of advancing knowledge. For example, if the above story were reversed, and peer reviewers who all believed that all swans were white came across the first study observing a black swan, the study would receive a lot of attention.
So why was a first-year graduate student getting to stand in for an expert? Why would my review count the same as an expert's review? One answer: The process relies almost entirely on unpaid labor.
Despite the fact that peers are professionals, peer review is not a profession. As a result, the same over-worked scholars often receive masses of the peer review requests. Besides the labor inequity, a small pool of experts can lead to a narrowed process of what is publishable or what counts as knowledge, directly threatening diversity of perspectives and scholars. Without a large enough reviewer pool, the process can easily fall victim to biases, arising from a small community recognizing each other's work and compromising conflicts of interest.
Despite these challenges. I still tell my students that peer review offers the best method for evaluating studies aird advancing knowledge. As a process, peer review theoretically works. The question is whether the issues with peer review can be addressed by professionalizing the field.
(1)、 What can we learn about peer review in the first paragraph?A、It generates knowledge. B、It is commonly practiced. C、It is a major research method. D、It is questioned by some scientists.(2)、What can be inferred about the example of swans?A、Complexity of peer review ensures its reliability. B、Contradictions between scientists may be balanced. C、Individuals can be limited by personal experiences. D、Experts should detect unscientific observation methods.(3)、 What is the author's major concern about peer review?A、Workload for scholars. B、Toughness of the process. C、Diversification of publications. D、Financial support to reviewers.(4)、The passage is mainly about ____.A、what fuels peer review B、why peer review is imperfect C、how new hands advance peer review D、whether peer reviewers are underrated -
5、阅读理解
Research spanning several decades demonstrates that you are more likely to think the information that is repeated to be true than the information you hear only once. You usually assume that if people put in effort to repeat a statement, this reflects the truth of the statement. This tendency-also called the truth effect-is a bias (偏见) that can lead you to draw incorrect conclusions.
To what degree are people aware of the truth effect? This question was addressed in a paper in the journal Cognition early this year.
In the critical study in this paper, participants did two sessions. In one session, they read about a hypothetical (虚构的) study in which they were exposed to some statements and then were asked whether both statements they had heard before as well as these new statements were true. They were asked to predict the proportion (比例) of each statement that would be judged as true. They did this both as a prediction of other people's performance as well as a prediction of how they would do in this study.
At another session a few days later, participants actually performed this study, reading a set of 20 statements in the hypothetical study again and then judging the truth of altogether 40 statements, half of which were from the hypothetical study and the other half of which were new.
This study did replicate the well known truth effect. People were more likely to judge statements they had seen before as true than statements that were new. Two interesting findings emerged from the prediction. First, participants tended to underestimate the size of the truth effect for everyone. T hat is, while they did expect some difference in judgments between the statements seen before and those that were new, they thought this difference would be smaller than it actually was. Second, participants more significantly underpredicted the truth effect for themselves compared to that for other people.
This study is particularly important in light of the amount of misinformation present in social media. Many people have the power to influence public opinion about important matters. Flooding social media feeds with misinformation will lead people to believe this information is true just because it is stated. Recognizing that we are all susceptible to this influence of repeated information should lead us to mistrust our intuition (直觉) about what is true and to look up important information prior to using it to make important judgments and decisions.
(1)、In the first paragraph, the author intends to ____.A、clarify a misconception B、present a phenomenon C、challenge a statement D、confirm a theory(2)、 What can we learn from the study?A、Impacts of the truth effect require further studies. B、Making predictions before judgments is significant. C、People have hardly any awareness of the truth effect. D、People tend to believe they can make wiser judgments.(3)、What does the word "susceptible" underlined in the last paragraph most probably mean?A、Critical. B、Subject. C、Opposed. D、Adapted. -
6、阅读理解
An Art Class
When Kelly was twelve, she started taking classes at Miss Grace's School for Art. She didn't like it at first: the "novice artists"-the kids who hadn't really done art before-worked mostly with clay, and Kelly was a terrible sculptor.
It wasn't until her third year that Kelly found something she was really good at-charcoal drawing (素描). She loved watching the lines spread unevenly across the page as she moved the bits of charcoal back and forth over the paper.
One day, Sophia. the best artist in her class, sat down and set up her easel (画架) next to Kelly. Kelly felt a sinking feeling in her stomach. She'd. actually found an art form that she enjoyed-and was good at--and now Sophia was going to outshine her again? Kelly fought back tears when Miss Grace entered the room.
"Hello class, Miss Grace said. "We'll continue to work on the project today. What masterpiece would Sophia have come up with?
Kelly looked at Sophia's easel and she couldn't believe it--it was a mess! For a brief moment, Kelly couldn't actually believe her drawing was better than Sophia's.
But then she looked at Sophia, who was watching Kelly with an anxious expression. "I…. I couldn't decide what to do, " Sophia said. "And you're so good. Sometimes I feel like my stuff is just so bad in comparison.
Kelly looked to see if Sophia was joking, but she seemed completely serious. Now Kelly was shocked. "I'm not talented ... Miss Grace seldom praises me. You're the best one in our class!"
Sophia raised her eyebrows. "I might be a really good copier of the stuff, but I have no idea what to do when it comes to making up my own images. You are so great at making new things out of the old stuff. I've loved your works. "
"I've loved yours, too, Kelly said.
"Well, definitely not this one, " Sophia said.
Kelly smiled. "Maybe not right now. But if you move these lines up. . . "she said, pointing her finger on Sophia's paper.
Sophia was quiet for a moment. "That's a great idea!" she said finally.
Kelly smiled and turned back to her drawing, looking every so often at Sophia's work to see that she was taking her advice, down to the last line.
(1)、When Kelly started classes at the art school, she ____.A、was not good at the course B、lacked confidence in drawing C、was often pushed by Miss Grace D、did not get along with the other kids(2)、 How did Kelly feel when Sophia sat beside her?A、Thrilled. B、Confused. C、Frustrated. D、Relieved.(3)、What did Kelly do in the art class?A、She inspired Sophia. B、She praised Sophia's creativity. C、She decided to outshine Sophia. D、She finished the drawing for Sophia.(4)、What can we learn from the passage?A、Interest is the best teacher. B、You are what you believe to be. C、Everyone has their own strengths. D、Hard work will eventually pay off. -
7、阅读理解
Are you looking for teen volunteer opportunities for 2024 that provide a rewarding experience that will stay with you for life? Every year thousands of teens choose to volunteer abroad with International Volunteer HQ(IVHQ)-the world's most trusted provider of safe and affordable volunteer programs for teens.
Service trips for teens are available in more than 50 destinations and there are 17 teen volunteer programs for 16 to 18 year-olds. Some of the best programs in 2024 include Turtle Conservation in Bali, Animal Care in Costa Rica and Childcare in Tanzania. Or, if you're wanting to volunteer with a group of students from your high school, IVHQ can tailor a program for your group too!
• Benefits for volunteers:
• There is no doubt that volunteering as a teenager is a meaningful way to broaden your education and add experiences that will stand out on your college application.
• Crossing boundaries to work with partners from different parts of the world fosters global understanding.
• Living in a country different to your own means that you will be involved in a new culture, cuisine, and way of thinking.
• Guaranteed support:
Chances are your parents will also want to learn more about IVHQ, whether or not they will go abroad with you. Having placed more than 130, 000 volunteers abroad, we're always happy to speak with parents to ensure all their questions are fielded. Through our online safety training, comprehensive information brochures, on-going support from experienced program managers and round-the-clock support from our local teams, IVHQ volunteers are well supported to make the most of the time abroad.
If you're ready to pack your bags and experience a completely different lifestyle and widen your global perspective, please contact us. IVHQ will be more than happy to offer a service.
(1)、What can IVHQ provide for a high school group?A、Rewards for volunteering. B、A free service trip. C、An opportunity to study abroad. D、A specialized program.(2)、What does IVHQ promise to volunteers?A、Local teams' assistance. B、Partners' support. C、College recommendation letters. D、Parents' company(3)、 The main purpose of the passage is toA、advocate volunteering B、introduce requirements C、advertise a service D、suggest a lifestyle -
8、语法填空(短文)
ChatGPT is a chatbot. Some schools (ban)it since its birth. They need time to make rules about it's to be used properly in class. Some teachers see it as a (cheat)tool. But many principals believe it's too late to keep AI out of classrooms. A growing number of (educate) say the panic about AI is a lot like the panic caused by the Internet when it was new. One of them says, "ChatGPT is to English and to writing what the calculator is to math.
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9、语法填空(短文)
In early November in 2023, a diver, swimming off the coast of Sardinia, (notice)pieces of metal on the ocean floor. He called the authorities and more divers were sent to look. The pieces turned out to be ancient Roman coins. The coins mostly lay (bury)in sand and seagrass not far from the coast. It is said that more than 30, 000 coins have been found, are close to 2, 000 years old. Experts call this a major historical discovery.
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10、语法填空(短文)
When I lived in Boston, I taught English as a second language to adult students from around the world. On the last day, they threw a nice party. I was amazed they had learned enough English (arganize) such an event altogether. At the end of the party, they proudly handed me a gift box. After the box (open), I gently lifted a beautiful coat from it. "We went shopping for a new coat!" they all shouted wonderfully perfect English.
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11、阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
In 2019, Thierry Henry, a bus driver, found there was a rise in bike thefts in his city, Reykjavik. Rather than 1 that the bike was gone forever, he decided to take matters into his own hands and started to track down the bikes and return them to their 2 owners.
The 44-year-old has helped return hundreds of stolen bikes in the past 4 years. His social media account has over 14, 500 members and helps people track down more than just lost bikes. His page 3 to people who have lost tools, cars and other items of high value. On top of his noble act, Henry has helped the bike 4 to reform in the process.
5 , Henry would deal with the thieves with anger. However, over time, he realized that most of the thefts were driven out of poverty and other issues. He went from feeling 6 towards the thieves, to developing empathy (同理心) for their situations. It was very tough at first. But Henry decided to try to 7 them and just talk to them.
From this moment onward, he reached out to the thieves, offering help and guidance. After the change in his 8 , Henry found that the bike thieves began to often hand back the bikes to him. Amazingly, some former thieves that Henry helped now 9 him in looking for the stolen bikes.
"It's like a 10 that has got bigger and bigger, ". says Henry. "It's not only me. Many times, someone spots a bike hidden in a bush and takes a picture. Then someone else comments, 'hey, that's my bike'. "
Thanks to Henry, everyone's looking out.
(1)A 、 claim B 、 expect C 、 accept D 、 realize(2)A 、 new B 、 honest C 、 careless D 、 rightful(3)A 、 belongs B 、 extends C 、 returns D 、 refers(4)A 、 owners B 、 makers C 、 thieves D 、 sellers(5)A 、 Initially B 、 Unknowingly C 、 Incredibly D 、 Unwillingly(6)A 、 regretfully B 、 negatively C 、 guiltily D 、 helplessly(7)A 、 level with B 、 reply to C 、 side with D 、 apologize to(8)A 、 plan B 、 occupation C 、 habit D 、 approach(9)A 、 assist B 、 trust C 、 engage D 、 drag(10)A 、 dream B 、 snowball C 、 rainbow D 、 balloon -
12、阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
"I'll bet Anjali knows.Right,Anjali?Why don't you show us since you're the star student,"Deepak taunted(奚落) .
Anjali was confused.She wasn't trying to show off.She was just playing tabla( 印 度塔不拉鼓),like everyone else.And why was Deepak being so mean lately?Is it because tabla is a boy's thing?She didn't care that people thought it was a boys' instrument.Anjali knew there was no such thing.She danced her fingers across the tabla to perform the composition in confusion."Ugh!"Anjali heard someone groan, and she stopped playing.
"I guess I don't know it that well after all,"Anjali said sheepishly to the teacher, Mr.Zakir.Her stomach was doing flip-flops.That wasn't true.Not even a little.Mr. Zakir's eyes narrowed.He looked like he was about to say something,but changed his mind."The recital( 演奏会 ) is next week,everyone.Keep practicing.I will be announcing who will get to perform onstage with me at my next concert!"Anjali had dreamed of a moment like that.She wanted to win the opportunity,but she needed to sort things straight with Deepak first.
As the class was dismissed,Anjali hurried over to Deepak.When she finally made eye contact with him,he purposely looked away and walked off.The next day at school,Anjali overheard Deepak whispering to Mary."People are only interested because she's the only girl in tabla class and they want her to feel special.She's not that good—"Anjali was furious.She excused herself and went to the bathroom.She took some deep breaths but couldn't relax.Her heart was pounding:
"It's not my fault that people make a big deal about a girl playing tabla.I make mistakes too,but I work really hard.Maybe he should too.He should be less mean and practice more."
"If I play in this concert,no one will talk to me again.He will turn everyone against me."
"I don't want to see a tabla or hear a tabla or play a tabla EVER AGAIN!!" Anjali yelled at the mirror.It was quiet for a moment.She believed it was one of her darkest days ever.
注意:
1.续写词数应为150个左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Stepping out of the bathroom,Anjali saw some inspiring posters on the wall.
After the recital,Deepak walked up to Anjali.
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13、本学期你校开设了每周一节的英语文学阅读课,请你就此写一篇短文向学校英文报 "Student Voice"栏目投稿,内容包括:
1.课程介绍(目的、内容、上课方式等);
2.你的收获。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
English Literature Reading Class Opens a New World
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14、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The market for wearable technology in the past few years has been on a rapid rise. We seem to have too much attachment to data accessible on those devices. is it a good thing that we're relying on technology more often than not,recording every step we take?Can those tools really maximize your workout benefits?The real questions surround not the (wear),but the wearer.
The challenge for athletes (look)to up their game with data is finding the type of information that is most helpful.If you are hoping to run faster and want to try moderating your pace based on heart rate "zones,"a wearable can help you do so. However,for professionals and those who are new working out,less is more.
Earlier this month,Sara Hall,a professional marathon runner competing in the U.S. Olympic marathon trials,actually (throw) away her GPS watch midrace (avoid) distraction. Similarly, for beginner runners,it's more important to learn to listen to your body's signals-tiredness, (ache),bursts of energy – to track your pace or heart rate.Depending on what those goals are,there might be ways to achieve them that are more cost (effect),more fun,more convenient.Dr.Ethan Weiss,a physician at the University of California tells his patients that a different item (attach) at your wrist,like a leash(狗绳) ,is more likely to pull you toward more activity.
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15、阅读下面短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
For the past 18 years,my daughter has been around me all the time.Now that she is in college,the 1 of our relationship has totally changed and our relationship is completely2 .I'm not going to be there every morning to have breakfast with her.I won't know when she's mad or when she's happy.Here's a little story of our new 3 .
A week ago,my daughter wanted to 4 so she called me during the day as I was in meetings.I 5 her later on,but she was in class.At midnight,she reached out 6 to ask if we could talk.Well,guess what?I was 7 .I thought we would talk the next day,but she was not 8 …
Research shows that parents are 9 when their children are grown up,but for me that is when I start to get concerned.I am always left to10 ,how can I, as a parent,remain 11 to my daughter to guide,support and love through life's changes?
We may have to 12 the way we communicate.My daughter encouraged me to go digital.That's how I ventured into the world of social media,following her updates and occasionally sharing my own experiences.Through this 13 presence,the physical gap is 14 and I feel I still have an active role in her life. This experience serves as a reminder that 15 ,however scary,holds the promise of growth in our shared journey.
(1)A 、problem B 、progress C 、goal D 、context(2)A 、cold B 、special C 、different D 、casual(3)A 、normal B 、idea C 、approach D 、solution(4)A 、catch up B 、take over C 、check out D 、break away(5)A 、visited B 、touched C 、tried D 、emailed(6)A 、by taxi B 、by text C 、in private D 、in person(7)A 、stupid B 、angry C 、excited D 、asleep(8)A 、available B 、interested C 、ready D 、guilty(9)A 、saddest B 、busiest C 、happiest D 、best(10)A 、decide B 、wonder C 、investigate D 、distinguish(11)A 、kind B 、appreciative C 、sensitive D 、relevant(12)A 、voice B 、ignore C 、shift D 、continue(13)A 、human B 、virtual C 、physical D 、permanent(14)A 、widened B 、formed C 、broken D 、bridged(15)A 、college B 、relationship C 、change D 、communication -
16、阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It's no secret that reading good news feels a lot better than reading bad news. Like,would you rather bite into a lemon,or sip on a fresh glass of lemonade?
The world is full of problems and conflicts and we need to stay informed and alert(警觉的) to what's going on around us.While reading traditional,more negative news is important,consuming good news is also part of staying informed. And it also brings meaningful benefits,like reduced stress and anxiety, higher rates of engagement,community building skills,and inspiration for creating a better world.Plus,knowing what to look for in the good news landscape is a key part of improving our media literacy skills and being thoughtful news consumers.
In fact,good news,known as solutions journalism,is becoming more popular,as publishers and news stations discover the benefits of sharing positive stories.Good Good Good is one of them. A team of reporters and editors there work daily to deliver stories that make readers feel hopeful and equipped to do more good with possible solutions.
"If it bleeds,it leads."has long been a saying used in the media to describe how news stories about violence,death and destruction draw readers' attention. The thing is,however,there's also good stuff out there—the delightful and kind parts of humanity."Beautiful stories are happening worldwide.When you do find them,the world can suddenly feel like a very different place.Good news is a vital part of how we learn about the world and solving the world's problems."Hervey,one of Good Good Good's editors said.
A.Share good news with people around you.
B.It's just that we don't hear as much about them.
C.But the"bad news"has its place in the world.
D.It provides a more balanced view of the world.
E.And so,negative news stories are everywhere on news media.
F.Heartwarming stories make you cry and feel good.
G.The news media company is devoted to providing good news intentionally.
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17、阅读理解
Is forgiveness against our human nature?To answer our question,we need to ask a further question:What is the essence of our humanity?For the sake of simplicity, people consider two distinctly different views of humanity.The first view involves dominance and power.In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness,Droll (1984)made the interesting claim that humans' essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows.Those who forgive are against their basic nature,much to their harm. In his opinion,forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others,who might then take advantage of them.
The second view involves the theme of cooperation,mutual respect,and even love as the basis of who we are as humans.Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings,we need both to receive love from and offer love to others.Without love,our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart.Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions.For example,how well has slavery(奴隶制) worked as a mode of social harmony?
From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans,forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness,shown through scientific studies,is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony.Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger.At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged(不和的)accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people.
As an important note,when we take a Classical philosophical perspective,that of Aristotle,we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality.We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive,but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive.The actuality of forgiving,its actual appropriation in conflict situations,develops with practice.
(1)、What is Droll's idea about forgiveness?A、People should offer mercy to others. B、Aggressive people should learn to forgive. C、Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity. D、People who forgive can have their own welfare affected.(2)、What does the example in paragraph 2 illustrate?A、To forgive is to love. B、To dominate is to harm. C、To fight is to grow. D、To give is to receive.(3)、What is the writer's attitude toward forgiveness?A、Favorable. B、Reserved. C、Objective. D、Skeptical.(4)、What is message of the last paragraph?A、Forgiveness is in our nature. B、Forgiveness grows with time. C、It takes practice to forgive. D、Actuality is based on potentiality. -
18、阅读理解
Any schoolchild knows that a whale breathes through its blowhole.Fewer know that a blowhole is a nostril(鼻孔)slightly changed by evolution into a form more useful for a mammal that spends its life at sea.And only a dedicated expert would know that while toothed whales,such as sperm whales,have one hole,baleen(鲸须) whales, such as humpback and Rice whales,have two.
Even among the baleen whales,the placing of those nostrils differs.In some species they are close together.In others,they are much further apart.In a paper published in Biology Letters Conor Ryan,a marine biologist at the Scottish Association for Marine Science,suggests why that might be.Having two nostrils,he argues,helps whales smell in stereo (立体空间).
Many types of baleen whales eat tiny animals known as zooplankton(浮游动物), which they catch by filtering( 过 滤 ) them from seawater using the sheets of fibrous baleen that have replaced teeth in their mouths.But to eat something you first have to find it.Toothed whales do not hunt by scent.In fact,the olfactory bulb—the part of the brain that processes smell—is absent in such creatures.But baleen whales still have olfactory bulbs,which suggests smell remains important.And scent can indeed give zooplankton away.Zooplankton like to eat other tiny creatures called phytoplankton (浮游植物). When these are under attack,they release a special gas called dimethyl sulphide,which in turn attracts baleen whales.
Most animals have stereoscopic senses.Having two eyes,for instance,allows an animal to compare the images from each in order to perceive depth.Having two ears lets them locate the direction from which a sound is coming.Dr Ryan theorized that paired blowholes might bring baleen whales the same sorts of benefits.
The farther apart the sensory organs are,the more information can be extracted by the animal that bears them.The researchers used drones to photograph the nostrils of 143 whales belonging to 14 different species.Sure enough,baleen whales that often eat zooplankton,such as the North Atlantic right whale,have nostrils that are farther apart than do those,such as humpback whales,that eat zooplankton occasionally.Besides allowing them to breathe,it seems that some whales use their blowholes to determine in which direction dinner lies.
(1)、What do we know about whales' nostrils according to the first two paragraphs?A、They are adapted ones. B、They are developed merely for smell. C、They are not easy to detect. D、They are fixed universally in numbers.(2)、What plays a role when baleen whales hunt zooplankton?A、The teeth that baleen whales have. B、The smell that phytoplankton send. C、The sound waves that zooplankton create. D、The chemical signals that zooplankton give off.(3)、How is the concept of stereoscopic senses explained in paragraph 4?A、By quoting a theory. B、By using examples. C、By making contrast. D、By making inferences.(4)、What is the position of nostrils related to according to the last paragraph?A、The sense of smell. B、The possibility to attract food. C、The ability to locate food. D、The ability to communicate. -
19、阅读理解
Education in 2080 is distinctive from education in the 2020s.Until about 2035, the main function of education systems was to supply the economy with the next generation of workers.In 2080,the purpose of education is the well-being of society and all its members.To make this a bit more tangible for you,I would like to give an example of what a child's education looks like in 2080.Her name is Shemsy.Shemsy is 13,and she is confident and loves learning.
Shemsy does not go to school in the morning because schools as you know them no longer exist.The institution was abolished as it was widely thought of as more like a prison or a factory than a creative learning environment.Schools have been replaced with"Learning Hubs"that are not restricted to certain ages.They are where intergenerational learning happens,in line with the belief that learning is a lifelong pursuit.
Every year,Shemsy designs her learning journey for the year with a highly attentive"teacher-citizen".Shemsy is actively engaged in designing her education and has to propose projects she would like to be involved in to contribute to and serve her community.She also spends lots of time playing as the role of play in learning has finally been recognized as essential and core to our humanity. Shemsy works a lot collaboratively.Access to education is universal,and higher education institutions no longer differentiate themselves by how many people they reject yearly.Variability between students is expected and leveraged(利用)as young people teach one another and use their differences as a source of strength.Shemsy naturally explores what she is curious about at a pace she sets.She still has some classes to take that are mandatory for children globally:Being Human and the History of Humanity.
We invite you to think about your vision for education in the year 2080,what does it look like,who does it serve,and how does it transform our societies?
(1)、What does paragraph 1 mainly tell us?A、There are different types of education. B、The present education needs improvements. C、Education and economy are closely associated. D、The goal of future education is fundamentally different.(2)、What do we know about the Learning Hub that Shemsy goes to?A、It accepts students of all ages. B、It promotes competition. C、It discourages individualized learning. D、It is all about play-based learning.(3)、What does the underlined word "mandatory" in paragraph 3 mean?A、Tough. B、Satisfactory. C、Optional. D、Required.(4)、What is the suitable title for the text?A、An Example to All B、A Vision for Education C、A Challenge for Education D、A Journey into the Future -
20、阅读理解
Fine Arts Students Deliver Magical Performances
As the winter holidays approach,Brookhaven School students presented an aray of extraordinary performances showcasing immense talent within our fine arts community.From the band concert to the choral concerts,each event highlighted the dedication and exceptional gifts of our students.
The December 12 Eagles Band Concert filled Woodruff Auditorium with melodies that captured the festive spirit.On December 14,the Foundations Christmas Choral Concert featured spirited performances by our 7th graders.The finale of seasonal fine arts showcases occurred on December 18 in Brady Theater with the Senior Chior Concert,spotlighting high school singers.
A highly anticipated tradition,the school-wide Holiday Assembly on December 19, hosted by esteemed Fine Arts Department Chair Mr.Kaminer,embodied the true essence of the holiday season.Angelic songs filled Young Gym,followed by joyous laughter and cheers as the"best costume"winners received their awards.Even the youngest War Eagles,the children in the Brookhaven Early Learning Center, attended the celebrations.Following the event,students merrily left school for the holiday break.
Looking toward 2024,anticipation builds for the Brookhaven theater spring productions."Something Rotten!"promises high-energy comedic performances by theater students,while"Tuck Everlasting"assures a moving portrayal by talented Foundations students.Furthermore,the Brookhaven Dance Company will hold their showcase April 11-12 in Woodruff Auditorium.Tickets will soon be available for purchase.
(1)、What did the students at Brookhaven School do before the winter holidays?A、They performed magic tricks. B、They participated in community service. C、They gave holiday concerts. D、They presented new theatre productions.(2)、What can we learn about Holiday Assembly on December 19?A、It was a large celebration within the school. B、It was an award presentation for best students. C、It featured various fun music and sports events. D、It was held on the first day of the winter holiday.(3)、What is the text?A、A fine arts brochure. B、A school announcement. C、A school newsletter. D、A concert advertisement.