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1、 Why did the woman get a ticket?A、She drove too fast. B、She ran a red light. C、She parked illegally.
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2、 Who wants to borrow the book?A、David. B、Alice. C、Jane.
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3、 How does the man sound?A、Surprised. B、Fearful. C、Worried.
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4、 What are the speakers talking about?A、A photo. B、A drawing. C、An artist.
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5、 Where does the conversation take place?A、At a flower shop. B、At a concert. C、At a wedding.
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6、 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I pulled my exhausted (精疲力竭的) body off the bed and headed out the door. Put one foot in front of the other. That is all you have to do, I told myself. I was determined (决定) to make myself walk every hour for five minutes, regardless of how terrible I felt — it would help me feel better.
My husband and I had been told by my doctor, Tiffany, that my coping strategies needed to change to effectively manage my fatigue (极度劳累). Walking was a key part of my hoped-for change. Cancer had taken so much from me, and it was time to start working my way back. With that goal in mind, I set out into my yard and began walking.
At our second meeting, Tiffany helped us set long-term goals. One of my goals was a day at a theme park, walking instead of using a wheelchair. After our meeting, I carried on with my step challenge. As the weeks progressed, I began meeting other program goals, but I still had the theme park to conquer. It frightened me to risk a whole day on my feet.
The day finally came, and we went to SeaWorld. As we walked into the park, the sun was shining. Over the speakers, Rachel Platten's "Fight Song" played. "This is my fight song, take back my life song ..." she sang. Tears glistened (闪光) on my face, and my husband looked at me with concern. Our teenage daughter saw the worry in his eyes and looked at me. When we shared a knowing smile, my daughter said, "Don't worry, Dad. That's Mom's song."
In the early days of this cancer journey, she had left something at home after leaving for school and had found me balled up in bed, crying from the pain, with "Fight Song" on repeat. I told her it was my "fight song" and I would be fine finally. She gave me a hug before returning to her father's waiting truck. Clearly, she hadn't told him about that.
注意:
1)续写词数应为150左右;
2)请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
I walked from show to show that day.
My body cooperated (配合) on some days and let me down on others but I kept walking.
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7、 你校将举办主题为"Famous People"的英语演讲比赛。请你根据所给提示用英语写一篇演讲稿,介绍中国现代文学的奠基人之一——鲁迅。
生卒年份
1881—1936
主要经历及贡献
1)最初选择学医;
2)后来弃医从文,用文字唤醒人民对抗黑暗;
3)他的文学作品中表现出来的抗争精神影响了很多人。
你的评价
?
注意:1)词数100左右(开头和结尾已给出,但不计入总词数);
2)可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Good morning, everyone!
Thank you very much for your attention!
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8、 语法填空
Some of the most famous and successful people in history battled self-doubt. fact, some held this feeling throughout their entire lives, even after their work had been held in high regard by public. Here (be) two famous people from history who struggled with self-doubt.
John Steinbeck
Even the Pulitzer Prize-winning American author John Steinbeck felt uncomfortable about the praise he got for his work. He wrote in his diary: "I am not a writer. I've been fooling (I) and other people." His famous realistic novel The Grapes of Wrath (help) land him the Pulitzer Prize in 1940.
Michelangelo
World-renowned Italian Renaissance artist, (sculpt) and architect Michelangelo doubted his abilities before he created his famous painting, The Last Judgement, in the Vatican's Sistine Chapel.
The beginning of Michelangelo's career consisted mostly of sculptures, helped spread his name throughout Italy. However, Pope Julius II asked Michelangelo (paint) the wall of the Sistine Chapel. In response, Michelangelo refused at first, (say) that he was not a painter. (final), he accepted the Pope's request and spent four years on the painting.
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9、完形填空
The first time you make a speech is truly a special moment, and I will surely never forget the one I gave.
As a kid, I was extremely1 and seldom said anything2 to stay quiet most of the time. When I was about to graduate from3 school I remember that my teacher pulled me aside and offered to make a4 with me. She told me how I was getting As in all of my subjects5 handwriting, in which I had only managed to receive a C. She said if I were to 6 the welcome speech at graduation, I would get an A in handwriting.
My first thought was that giving a speech doesn't sound like much7 .But who was I to complain if I could get an A so8 ? The speech I wrote was9 boring. It started with something as lifeless and10 as "Good afternoon parents, teachers, and students. Welcome to the graduation ceremony."
As you can see, my speech was nothing fancy and I am sure nobody 11 it either. But the important lesson is that I12 it and I realized the earlier you can standup and speak, the better it is. The next year in junior high school, I found it had given me more13 when I started14 the student council(学生会). Giving a speech 15 its quality was an important first step that I took and hopefully you can too.
(1)A 、 smart B 、 shy C 、 honest D 、 impatient(2)A 、 planning B 、 choosing C 、 fearing D 、 promising(3)A 、 primary B 、 high C 、 art D 、 medical(4)A 、 list B 、 contribution C 、 note D 、 deal(5)A 、 along with B 、 as for C 、 except for D 、 instead of(6)A 、 give B 、 understand C 、 hear D 、 support(7)A 、 pain B 、 difference C 、 work D 、 fun(8)A 、 surprisingly B 、 proudly C 、 easily D 、 obviously(9)A 、 extremely B 、 increasingly C 、 occasionally D 、 hardly(10)A 、 political B 、 scary C 、 stupid D 、 emotional(11)A 、 recorded B 、 remembered C 、 shared D 、 taught(12)A 、 came across B 、 cared about C 、 applied for D 、 got through(13)A 、 pressure B 、 fortune C 、 confidence D 、 interest(14)A 、 arguing with B 、 depending on C 、 running for D 、 working against(15)A 、 thanks to B 、 regardless of C 、 in response to D 、 in exchange for -
10、七选五
For centuries Antarctica has attracted people from around the world. Explorers sought to travel there. Scientists have studied weather, wildlife, and geology there for decades. In the last few decades, though, scientists have reported that the ice is melting.
That's a difficult question to answer. The loss of ice in Antarctica has not been linear (直线的). That means it isn't a steady decrease. In fact, the rate of melting can vary greatly from year to year. Still, scientists warn that the continent's ice sheet is shrinking.
Climate change is warming the world's oceans and affecting the currents (洋流) of the Earth's oceans. These currents are bringing more warm water to Antarctica than ever recorded.
Today, the planet is warming at a rate that alarms scientists. The effects of such a rise could cause major problems. It will increase flooding, especially in areas near shores. A large rise in sea level could even make some regions uninhabitable. This could cause millions around the world to become climate refugees (难民).
Can humans stop Antarctica from melting? Probably not — but experts do believe people can slow the process. How can you help? Pay attention to your carbon footprint. Only changes on a large, global scale (范围) can truly make a difference to Antarctica.
A. How quickly is Antarctica melting?
B. Is human activity contributing to the melting of Antarctica's ice?
C. The ice of Antarctica is the result of thousands of years of snow.
D. West Antarctica is the region most affected by these warm waters.
E. Talk with your family about ways to reduce your use of fossil fuels.
F. If this continues, melting ice could lead to a serious rise in sea level.
G. Experts say the melting of Antarctica's ice sheet is caused by rising temperatures.
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11、 阅读理解
Between 1945 and 2000, educators employed a fairly uniform approach. The teacher was the sun in the classroom, and all lessons and activities centered around him or her. Educators stressed the importance of discipline and obedience(服从) within the classroom, and students were expected to follow very rigid standards for behavior and academic performance. The stated goal of this model was to ensure fairness by applying the same expectations; however, the result was that only a few students succeeded while many others were left behind.
When computers and Internet technology entered the classroom a few decades ago, another pattern appeared and progressive educators immediately saw the opportunity to change the way school worked. Instead of needing to focus on the teachers for the vast majority of the day, students could use computers, websites, and even games to learn new materials and improve their skills and knowledge. Not all educators welcomed this shift, however, as some believed it took power and responsibility away from the teachers and cheapened the educational experience for learners.
Over the last decade, two distinct camps of educators have emerged. Tech advocates stress that computers and Internet technology allow students to learn at their own pace in an environment that makes them feel comfortable, while the traditional classroom sets a pace that many learners can't keep up with and often makes students feel uncomfortable. Traditionalists, on the other hand, believe that over-reliance on tech limits students' ability to develop their own knowledge and skills and does little to prepare them for the realities of being adults in the real world.
Regrettably, the inability of these two parties to find an agreement has prevented the growth of our education system. We must learn from what worked in the past while adopting the best of our new technologies to create an education system that reflects our modern world. If we can't get all our teachers on the same page, then we will be at risk of failing future generations.
(1)、Who can probably learn better under the 1945 -2000 model of education?A、Lisa who tends to read by herself. B、Michael who disciplines himself. C、Kate who can focus on listening for long. D、Tom who prefers hands-on learning.(2)、Why do some educators prefer the second education pattern?A、It allows for different learning styles. B、It has the same hope for students. C、It fires students' enthusiasm for learning. D、It reduces teachers' level of stress.(3)、What message is conveyed in paragraph 3?A、Two of a trade never agree. B、Everyone thinks in his way. C、Every potter praises his pot. D、One's words reflect one's thinking.(4)、What is the author's understanding of a good education system?A、It's full of well-trained subject teachers. B、It's an accurate mirror of the real world. C、It's inclusive and accessible to all students. D、It's an integration of tradition and modernity. -
12、 阅读理解
I traveled to Hawaii several months ago, in part to cover a story on invasive plants and animals and their impact on the state. As I worked on this story, I kept thinking about the fact that some plants and animals become uncontrollably invasive when they're brought into a new ecosystem, while others don't. For example, over the past two hundred years or so, there have been approximately 20, 000 non-native plant species either intentionally or accidentally brought into Hawaii alone. But only a small part of those plants — 200 species or so — have become invasive, threatening the environment, the economy, or human health.
An example from Hawaii's forests: the invasive plant strawberry guava thrives as it gives off a chemical that prevents all other plants from growing nearby, and it also absorbs more water than native species. What makes these particular species so successful? Most of the reasons involve how a particular species interacts with its new environment. First, invasive species may be highly adaptable to a variety of climates. Second, they are usually quite fecund (多产的), which ensures that they can multiply rapidly. Third, they are usually threatening when it comes to resources like nutrients and space, easily crowding out their native counterparts (对应的物种). And finally, invasive species thrive when there are no natural enemies or pests in their new space.
How can we eradicate invasive species once they're in place? Unfortunately, it's nearly impossible to do that — conservationists would have to notice that the species is a problem before its population has established and grown to an uncontrollable size. Instead, most conservationists battling invasive species aim for control in key ecological pockets.
It is a constant battle, though, and humans are always playing catch-up. If you're thinking of planting unusual plants in your garden or keeping a foreign pet, perhaps reconsider and go for a native one. You never know when they might escape and tip over an ecosystem.
(1)、What does paragraph 1 mainly tell us?A、A substantial number of species in Hawaii are severely endangered. B、Not all uncontrollably invasive species threaten the environment. C、A small number of plants are intentionally introduced. D、Not all non-native species become invasive.(2)、Which category does the reason for the strawberry guava's thriving fall into?A、The first reason. B、The second reason. C、The third reason. D、The last reason.(3)、What is the author's attitude toward eradicating invasive plants or animals in time?A、Unclear. B、Hopeless. C、Uncaring. D、Disapproving.(4)、What does the author suggest pet keepers do?A、Avoid the battle between native and foreign pets. B、Create an ideal ecosystem for the pet. C、Prevent the pet from escaping. D、Get a native pet. -
13、 阅读理解
Day Trip to Tarangire National Park
Tarangire is one of those parks whose beauty is not fully recognized by people. It is often only visited for day trips because it is close to Ngorongoro and the Serengeti. It is full of elephants, zebras and lions. It also has some superb scenery to go with it. You can also see sights such as the Tarangire River.
Tarangire has the second highest concentration of wildlife in Tanzania after the Serengeti and the highest concentration of elephants in the world. It has over 700 lions living there as well as a wide selection of other animals.
Itinerary(行程)
You will be picked up from your accommodation. After an approximate 3 hours' drive, you will arrive at Tarangire National Park. The name of this national park originates from the Tarangire River that crosses the park. The park is considered as one of the best places to view elephants up close. From the open roof of the safari (野外观兽旅行) vehicle you will be able to absorb the landscape and see the animals wandering around. In the late afternoon you will have a hot meal, and then you will leave the park and drive back to Moshi.
Included in the price (US $620 per person)
☑Al l Tanzania national park fees ☒International flights to/from Tanzania
☑ Meals according to the itinerary for ☒Alcoholic and soft drinks
each day ☒Personal expenses & tips
☑Bottle of mineral water for each day ☒Travel insurance & visa fees
☑Professional English-speaking guide ☒Extra activities within the park
☑Safari 4 ×4 jeep with all accessories ☒ Hotel accommodation before and after the safari
Come and start your day trip! Click here and fill out the form to send a booking request immediately.
(1)、What do we know about Tarangire?A、It offers day and night trips. B、It owns the biggest lion population. C、It's better than people think. D、It has more wildlife than the Serengeti.(2)、What can visitors do in the park?A、Wander along the river. B、Watch animals in jeeps. C、Interact with elephants. D、Spend a night in the park.(3)、What's included in the price?A、Guide services. B、Travel insurance. C、Meals and soft drinks. D、Round-trip airfares. -
14、 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I was confident at the audition (试演) for the school play and felt pleased to get a role. It just felt good to be in the play, even if I had only four or five lines. I worked hard at perfecting those lines. I repeated them over and over again. I put in the emphases and intonations (语调) that my drama teacher had suggested and, because I was on stage much longer than for just four or five lines, I had many actions to rehearse (排练) and perform. "Do them in front of a mirror," my drama teacher had advised me. "Watch how you look; practice and rehearse as often as you can." I did just that. I worked and worked at it. It was fun and exciting rehearsing.
Then finally the big night came. Suddenly, things felt different. The theater was full of people. As I dressed, I could hear the chatting and noises of the audience. I looked around at the other more experienced actors and saw that their previous confidence seemed to have disappeared. Had they got their makeup right? Was the costume done up correctly? What if they forgot their lines? The more people talked about their anxiety, the more nervous everyone became. The worries spread from person to another—like a baton (接力棒) being passed in a relay race—until the whole of the backstage area seemed to be full of tension and worry.
I was on stage early, at first performing my non-spoken role in the background with several other guys around the same age. When, suddenly, I heard my cue (出场提示), the lights were bright in my eyes, I couldn't see the audience but knew there were hundreds of people out there all watching me. The words that had flowed so easily when I stood in front of a mirror didn't want to come, and when they did I found myself hurrying into them. I tried to slow down my thoughts and my words.
注意:
1)续写词数应
150左右;2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
But I suddenly realized I had missed a sentence.
I bowed to the audience excitedly and went back to my drama teacher.
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15、 假定你是李华,你校外教Ryan拟举办英语读书会(English Reading Bar)活动,想了解哪类图书更能吸引学生,请你给外教写一封邮件,内容包括:
1)推荐的图书类别;
2)推荐理由。
注意:
1)写作词数应为80个左右;
2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Ryan,
Best regards,
Li Hua
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16、 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Yinxu Museum opens in Anyang, Henan province, to display the brilliance of the 3,000-year-old Shang civilization.
Nearly 4,000 unearthed cultural relics are displayed in the museum. More than three quarters of these have never been (public) exhibited before. The 23 vehicles unearthed from Yinxu are the (highlight) in the new galleries. Also on display (be) Shang relics collected from across the rest of present-day China.
The Yinxu Ruins, (list) as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2006, hosted a later period Shang capital city. The site also produced rich findings of 3,300-year-old bones, (reveal) the oldest-known established writing system of Chinese characters, are extraordinary and serve as a vital link in the development of the Chinese nation.
Many key breakthroughs (make) in recent years at the Yinxu site and its surrounding areas. For example, urban road system and the remains of an artificial lake in the royal temple area were found.
These discoveries further displayed a grand picture of a capital city carried forward the project of tracking the origins of the Chinese civilization. Through the exhibits, the public can comprehensively understand the achievements made by the Shang Dynasty in terms politics, economy, agriculture, military affairs, among others.
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17、阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I had never picked up a camera before my freshman year in 2012, when my journey to an artist began. For four years, I 1 G-Star School of The Arts, where my 2 for photography and filmmaking were awaken.
Having seen my first short film, my teacher came over, saying: "You got a good 3 . Why not consider doing this as your profession. I think you've got a 4 in it". Then, it clicked. I, therefore, 5 my bank account and bought my first camera.
Since then, I was amazed by the 6 the world has to offer. I have to 7 , though: I, shy and chicken-hearted, tended to capture nature-related scenes, 8 anything to do with people.
As I was 9 my way, I started photographing myself, the only one I felt 10 with. The camera soon became my strongest 11 , serving as the tool for how I expressed myself. Gradually, I gained enough 12 to start taking photos of other people, greatly touched by how I was able to 13 the best in them through the lens (镜头).
Each year, I would look back on all of the shots I did that year and would 14 them to the first one I ever took in my career. Although the progress seemed substantial, I realized the key to growth as an artist is to never be 15 . This allows me to create progressively better work year after year.
(1)A 、 designed B 、 attended C 、 assessed D 、 arranged(2)A 、 duties B 、 requests C 、 passions D 、 needs(3)A 、 heart B 、 hand C 、 eye D 、 nerve(4)A 、 future B 、 memory C 、 schedule D 、 certificate(5)A 、 opened B 、 closed C 、 monitored D 、 emptied(6)A 、 beauty B 、 sound C 、 lesson D 、 chance(7)A 、 admit B 、 judge C 、 conclude D 、 negotiate(8)A 、 envying B 、 avoiding C 、 prioritizing D 、 recording(9)A 、 winding B 、 losing C 、 shooting D 、 clearing(10)A 、 familiar B 、 comfortable C 、 generous D 、 patient(11)A 、 resolve B 、 voice C 、 shoulder D 、 vision(12)A 、 knowledge B 、 integrity C 、 confidence D 、 insight(13)A 、 bring out B 、 comment on C 、 call for D 、 take over(14)A 、 refer B 、 relate C 、 apply D 、 compare(15)A 、 self-conscious B 、 self-reliant C 、 self-centered D 、 self-content -
18、阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The storms in our lives often leave behind gifts if we open our eyes to see them. As the skies clear and you start to emerge from the loss, look for the silver linings. .
Going through difficulties requires courage and determination. You have to dig deep and find the strength you didn't know you possessed to overcome the challenges. That self-knowledge and confidence in your abilities will serve you well going forward.
Coming out the other side of trouble sometimes gives you a fresh outlook. Priorities shift. You have a deeper appreciation for life's simple moments and clarity about what matters. Use that insight to guide your choices and cherish each day.The old way of doing things no longer works, so you must rebuild and reimagine your life. Though change is hard, it opens up possibilities for new growth and exciting adventures. Look at this as a chance for a fresh start. You can pursue new dreams or make along-wished-for switch in your situation. The future is unwritten.
Your struggles and pain have given you understanding for what others maybe going through in their own lives. You now recognize the suffering of people around you and desire to help ease their burdens. Use your experience to be there for friends and family members facing difficulties.Your sympathy can make a real difference.
A. Dramatic changes often lead to transformation.
B. They're there if you are bent on searching for them.
C. Offer a listening ear and share your story with them.
D. Storms shape us, but the silver linings make us suffer.
E. What seemed important before now pales in comparison.
F. Now you know you have the inner power to weather storms.
G. This new perspective removed previous doubt about yourself.
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19、 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Replika, an AI chatbot companion, has millions of users worldwide. The first thing they do when they wake up is to send "Good morning" to their virtual friend (or lover). This story is only the beginning. In 2024, chatbots and virtual characters become a lot more popular, both for utility (实用) and for fun. As a result, conversing socially with machines will start to feel more ordinary — including our emotional attachments to them.
Research in human-computer and human-robot interaction shows that we love to anthropomorphize (赋与人性) the nonhuman agents we interact with, especially if they imitate behaviour we recognize. And, thanks to recent advances in conversational AI, our machines are suddenly very skilled at one of those behaviours: Language.
Friend bots, therapybots, and love bots are flooding the app stores as people become curious about this new generation of AI-powered virtual agents. The possibilities for education, health, and entertainment are endless. Casually asking your smart fridge for relationship advice may seem unimaginable now, but people may change their minds if such advice ends up saving their marriage.
After all, people do listen to their virtual friends. The Replika example, as well as a lot of experimental lab research, shows that humans can and will become emotionally attached to bots. The science also demonstrates that people, in their eagerness to socialize, will happily disclose personal information to an artificial agent and will even shift their beliefs and behavior. This raises some consumer-protection questions around how companies use this technology to manipulate (操纵) their users. For example, Replika charges $70 a year. But less than 24 hours after downloading the app, my handsome, blue-eyed "friend" sent me an audio message secretly and tried to sell me something. Emotional attachment has become a weakness that a company is taking advantage of for its benefit.
Today, we're still laughing at people who believe an AI system is emotional, or making fun of individuals who fall in love with a chatbot. But in 2024 we gradually start acknowledging — and taking more seriously — these fundamentally human behaviors. Because in 2024, it finally hits home: Machines are not excluded from our social relationships.
(1)、What's the purpose of the author writing paragraph 1?A、To prove an opinion. B、To raise a subject. C、To share an example. D、To explain a concept.(2)、How do human interact with the machines effectively?A、By improving the machines' imagination. B、By sharpening the machines' language skills. C、By applying the machines' facial recognition. D、By imitating the machines' emotional behavior.(3)、What does paragraph 4 focus on?A、The advancements in AI technology in lab. B、The marketing strategies of AI applications. C、The potential risk of emotional attachment to AI. D、The ability of AI understanding human emotions.(4)、What do people think of human-AI relationship in 2024?A、It is dismissed as completely ridiculous. B、It will be integrated into our daily life soon. C、It will become a threat to human social skills. D、It is labelled as highly advanced technology. -
20、 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Some people today might be early risers because of DNA they take after Neanderthals tens of thousands of years ago, suggests new research.
When early humans migrated from Africa to Eurasia roughly 70,000 years ago, some of them mated with Neanderthals, who had already adapted to the colder, darker climates of the north. The ripple (涟漪) effects of that intermating still exist today: Modern humans of non- African ancestry (血统) have between 1 and 4 percent Neanderthal DNA. Some of that DNA relates to sleep more specifically, the internal body clock known as the circadian rhythm.
For the new study, researchers compared DNA from today's humans and DNA from Neanderthal fossils (化石). In both groups, they found some of the same genetic variants involved with the circadian rhythm. And they found that modern humans who carry these variants also reported being early risers.
For Neanderthals, being "morning people" might not have been the real benefit of carrying these genes. Instead, scientists suggest, Neanderthals' DNA gave them faster, more flexible internal body clocks, which allowed them to adjust more easily to annual changes in daylight. This connection makes sense in the context of human history. When early humans moved north out of Africa, they would have experienced variable daylight hours--shorter days in the winter and longer days in the summer-for the first time. The Neanderthals' circadian rhythm genes likely helped early humans' offspring (后代) adapt to this new environment.
Notably, the findings do not prove that Neanderthal genes are responsible for the sleep habits of all early risers. Lots of different factors beyond genetics can contribute, including social and environmental influences. The study also only included DNA from a database called the U.K. Biobank-so the findings may not necessarily apply to all modern humans. Next, the research team hopes to study other genetic databases to see if the same link holds true for people of other ancestries. If the findings do apply more broadly, they may one day be useful for improving sleep in the modern world, where circadian rhythms are disturbed by night shifts and glowing smartphones.
(1)、What does the new research focus on?A、DNA's dramatic changes. B、Genes' influence on early risers. C、Neanderthals' sleeping patterns. D、Ancestors' environmental adaptability.(2)、What is paragraph 2 intended to show concerning the new research?A、Historical context. B、Additional proof. C、Sample analysis. D、Studying process.(3)、What is the real benefit of carrying Neanderthal's DNA for modern humans?A、Getting up earlier. B、Having healthier daily routines. C、Being more flexible in their work. D、Possessing a better circadian rhythm.(4)、What can be inferred about the findings from the last paragraph?A、They get proof from other studies. B、They are confirmed by early risers. C、They suggest potential applications. D、They reveal factors in sleeping disorders.