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To figure out the reason, social psychologists John Darley and Bibb Latané conducted two classic experiments. Their first experiment showed that the more bystanders there were, the more an individual's sense of responsibility diffused — 85% of participants helped in a one-on-one situation, while only 31%did so in a group of six. In their second smoke experiment, 75% of people alone sought help when smoke filled the room, but just 10% did so with passive bystanders around.

They pointed out that the bystander effect mainly springs from people's failure to interpret a situation as an emergency due to others' inaction. The second reason for the bystander effect is that when multiple bystanders are present, each person feels less personal commitment to act, as they assume others (especially those with professional skills like doctors or police) will intervene.This phenomenon is more common in urban areas with many strangers, unlike in small communities where people feel a clear sense of responsibility to help others they know.

Recent research has cast doubt on the universality of Darley and Latané's classic bystander effect theory. Using real-world CCTV footage from three pairs of culturally diverse cities — Lancaster, Amsterdam, and Cape Town — Dr, Richard Philpot of Lancaster University and his team analyzed 212 violent incidents.

Their findings showed that bystanders intervened in 91% of cases, and in direct contradiction to the original theory, the presence of more bystanders actually increased the likelihood of intervention, with multiple people often stepping in together. The consistent types of intervention across different cities suggest we are born with the wish to help others, driven by social conventions and a desire to understand, protect, and assist others.

On my 13th birthday, I bought a poster of Harvard to hang in my room. Being at Harvard became what I dreamt about. Even if my electricity was cut off, I still woke up at 5:30, because I knew that my poster of Harvard was still hanging only two feet away from me.

Reminding myself of my goal each day made it easy to say no to the same choices I saw my peers making, because those paths couldn't bring me closer to my goal. Being poor could not take away my power to decide what I chose to do with my day. The poster gave me the courage to send emails to about 50 Harvard students to ask for feedback on my application essays; it gave me the energy to study just one more hour on my SAT when my friends were asleep; and it gave me the determination to submit just one more scholarship application when 180 others had already turned me down.

Every day, I could feel myself getting closer and closer to my goal as my writing got better, my SAT score increased, and my scholarship checks started coming in. Finally, an email arrived from Harvard. The first word was "Congratulations!" A month later, Harvard flew me up to visit the campus where for the first time I stepped onto my dreaming land.

Who you are today is the result of the decisions you made yesterday, and who you will be tomorrow will be the result of the choices you make today. Who do you want to be tomorrow?

1．介绍这项运动；例如Tai chi太极拳；Rope Skipping跳绳；或者其他。

2．说明推荐理由。

注意：写作词数应为120个左右；请注意行文连贯。

Stand Up and Exercise, Everybody!

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Chinese painting, standing as one of the world's oldest and most enduring(art) legacies, has a rich and complex story (tell). The journey begins with ink, a fundamental material that is rubbed to the desired consistency on an inkstone with a little water. Then the painter uses a pointed-tipped brush (make) of the hair of goats, deer, or wolves set in a shaft of bamboo. Typically, traditional Chinese paintings are brought to life on a length of silk or a sheet of paper,surface is absorbent, allowing no room for correction. One must,, know beforehand what he intends to do. To achieve a successful (create), each stroke demands unwavering confidence, swift execution and a profound mastery of technique trained through years of practice.

Chinese painting consists of three main subjects: human figures, landscapes, and birds and flowers. The Tang Dynasty (witness) figure painting reach its unprecedented height, while the Song Dynasty saw the flourishing of landscape painting and bird-and-flower painting. During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, having been exposed to Western art, Chinese painters started to evolve new styles combining traditional (technique) with Western impressionism and perspective. the perfect integration of ancient and modern, Chinese painting is bound to shine with an even more glorious and distinctive charm, (attract) art lovers around the world.

When I was seven years old I saw my mother making doll clothes. She told me that they were for the poor people, so I never gave it another thought. Come Christmas morning when I opened my present, there were those beautiful doll clothes. My mother just smiled and said, "They are for the poor people. We're poor."

When I was nine, my greatest desire in life was to own a pogo stick (弹簧高跷). But my mother told me that we simply couldn't afford one. A few days before Christmas, my parents and I went shopping. While my mother and I were paying the money, my dad came with a long box. I remember wondering at that very moment if it was a pogo stick in that box. After we arrived back at home my dad put the box in the barn (谷仓). While my parents were away, I snuck out to the barn to find the box. I was so excited and I knew that as soon as I opened that magical box my bright, shiny pogo stick would appear. No such luck! Inside the box was a silly old broom (扫帚). And so Christmas morning was disappointing. After all the wrapping paper was cleaned up, my dad came back from the barn with a beautiful pogo stick. I couldn't believe it, how they were able to get the money for it and how they tricked me with the broom. My parents probably laugh quietly when they played the trick on me and I wonder if they were watching me from the window as I went out to the barn secretly for my Christmas present.

Although we didn't have much money, my parents gave me the most important gift of all, much love. We had love and we had joy.