相关试卷

D

When driving,Clara-Marina Martinez takes down any unusual behaviour she sees on the road.She then feeds these into machine-learning algorithms(算法),a form of Al,which are intended to produce a system reliable enough for a car to drive itself without any disturbance from the driver,and cope with all situations on the road.But this proving hard to achieve, carmakers choose to scale back many attempts to do so.Last year,for instance,Uber,a ride- hailing service,sold off its unit developing self-driving cars at a low price.

Autonomous vehicles are boasted as being not just convenient but potentially safer. However,just as people take time to learn how to drive safely,machines are no exception.The RAND Corporation,an American think-tank,calculates that to develop a system 20%safer than a human driver,a fleet of100 self-driving cars would have to operate 24 hours a day,365 days a year, and cover 14 billion kilometers.At average road speeds,that would take about 400 years.

Carmakers such as Porsche therefore accelerate the development process using simulators (模拟器).These teach software about danger only rarely encountered in reality.Dr Martinez and her colleagues employ"game engines",the programs that generate photo realistic images in computer games,to do this.These are used to create virtual worlds through which the software can drive.

How quickly,if ever,all this will translate into reality remains to be seen.Both regulators and customers will need to overcome doubt that a software driver really can be safer than human. From Porsche's point of view,though,there is one other relevant question.Given that much of the reason for owning a sports car is for owners to show off what they regard as their driving skills,just how big a market will there be for a version where software takes those boasting rights away?

C

There is an increasing alarm about the extent of microplastics pollution,which has been found everywhere from Everest to the Arctic.However,it turns out there's an even smaller and more poisonous form of plastic pollution entering remote reaches of the globe.A new study published in Environmental Research found significant quantities of nanoplastic(纳米塑料)in ice samples from both the North and South Poles.

"Now we know that nanoplastic are transported to these corners of the Earth in these quantities.This indicates that nanoplastic are really a bigger pollution problem than we thought,"study lead author Dusan Materic said in a press release.

Nanoplastic are plastics that are smaller than a micrometer in size.Their small size means they are more difficult to study than microplastics,or plastics between five millimeters and a micrometer.But they may be even more dangerous.

"Nanoplastic are very toxicological active compared to,for instance,microplastics,and that's why this is very important,"Materic said.

Materic and his team used new methods to measure nanoplastic pollution in ice samples from Greenland and Antarctica.They sampled a 14-meter-deep ice core from the Greenland ice cap and sea ice from Antarctica's McMurdo Sound.They found that there were an average of 13.2 nanograms per-milliliter of nanoplastic in the Greenland ice and an average of 52.3 nanograms per milliliter in the Antarctic ice

But what was even more surprising than the amount of nanoplastic in the remote ice was just how long they had sat there."In the Greenland core,we see nanoplastic pollution happening all the way from the 1960s.So organisms,despite the lack of the solid evidence,likely all over the world,have been exposed to it for quite some time now,"Materic said.

The study also looked at the types of plastic present in the samples.Half of the Greenland nanoplastics were polyethylene(PE),the kind of plastic used for plastic bags and packaging.A quarter came from tires and a fifth were polyethylene terephthalate (PET),which is used for clothing and bottles.

B

I ask every student I interview for admission to my institution,Pitzer College,the same question,"What do you look forward to the most in college?"I was astonished and delighted recently when a student replied,"I look forward to the possibility of failure."Of course,this is not how most students respond to the question when sitting before the person who can make decisions about their academic futures,but this young man took a risk.

"You see,my parents have never let me fail,"he said."When I want to take a chance at something, they remind me it's not a safe route to take.Taking a more demanding course or trying an activity I may not succeed in,they tell me,will ruin my chances at college admission."

I wish I could tell you this is an uncommon story,but kids all over the world admit they are under great pressure to be per feet.When I was traveling in China last fall and asked a Chinese student what she did for fun,she replied:"I thought I wasn't supposed to tell you that? I wouldn't want you to think I am not serious about my work!"

Students are usually in shock when I laugh and tell them I never expect perfection.Of course,this goes against everything they've been told.How could a dean of admission at one of America's most selective institutions not want the best and the brightest?The reality is,perfection doesn't exist,and we don't expect to see it in a college application.In fact, admission officers tend to question students who present themselves as individuals without shortcomings.

We get the most excited when we read an application that seems real.It's so rare to hear stories of defeat.If their perspectives are of lessons learned,these applicants tend to jump to the top at highly selective colleges.We believe an error in high school should not define the rest of your life,but how you respond could shape you forever.

A

Your Garden Escape

Even in the big city you can find oases(绿洲)of calm and beauty.From a royal palace to a classical garden,we recommend great green spaces to escape the hustle and bustle of London.

Horniman Gardens

Horniman Gardens cover 16 acres with breathtaking views of London.Visitors can enjoy the Sound Garden,Meadow Field,and even a Prehistoric Garden,which features a display of "living fossils".The gardens are very popular with families,and dogs can be let off their leads in the Meadow Field

Chiswick House& Gardens

As a classical garden landscape in London,it was here that the English Landscape Movement was born with William Kent's designs.Enjoy fresh bread,seasonal food,and natural wines in the award-winning cafe,while admiring the beauty of the naturalistic landscape, spotted with impressive art and statues

Buckingham Palace Garden

The 39-acre garden boasts more than 350 types of wildflowers,over 200 trees and a three-acre lake.The garden also provides a habitat for native birds rarely seen in London.A tour of the garden can be completed by having a cream tea in the cafe overlooking the Palace's famous grassland and lake.

Kew Gardens

The Royal Botanic Garden at Kew is one of the world's most famous gardens and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.Have a walk through the vast garden,spot local wildlife at the lake, or get your hands dirty by trying a gardening lesson.Be sure to visit the Temperate House, which contains some of the rarest and most threatened plants.

Once upon a time, there lived a young boy named Ethan in a small village. With a passion for music, Ethan was enthusiastic about playing the guitar. Every day after school, he would rush home, grab his guitar, and lose himself in the melodies (乐曲) he created. 

One summer, the village was hosting a talent show, and Ethan decided to participate. However, doubts started to flood into his mind. He began comparing himself to other talented musicians and questioning his abilities. The fear of failure began to consume him. 

But Ethan's grandfather, who had always been his biggest supporter, noticed his grandson's inner struggle. He sat down with Ethan and shared a story from his own youth.

"When I was your age, I had a dream of becoming a painter. But I was filled with self-doubt, just like you are now. I decided to seek guidance from a wise old artist in a nearby town.

The old artist listened to my worries and offered me a challenge. He asked me to paint a picture on a large canvas in front of a crowd. Overwhelmed by the challenge, I hesitated. 

The wise artist smiled and told me not to focus on what others might think. He asked me to paint from my heart and pour my soul into every stroke. The beauty lies not in perfection, but in the authenticity (真实性) of one's creation.

Encouraged by these words, I accepted the challenge. I painted with passion, letting my emotions guide my brush. Finally, a beautiful masterpiece appeared on the canvas."

Finishing the story, Ethan's grandfather said, "That day, I realized that success is not defined by how perfect we are or how we compare to others. It's about embracing our unique talents, taking risks, and expressing ourselves with passion and authenticity."

注意：

1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 

2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Inspired by his grandfather's story, Ethan decided to give the talent show his all.

Ethan didn't pay much attention to the surroundings until he heard the applause at the end of his performance.

1. 简述活动情况； 

2. 询问对方学校生态保护情况。

注意：

1. 写作词数应为80个左右； 

2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

参考词汇：生态保护ecological protection

Dear Caroline, 

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

A  (remark) image of the Andromeda Galaxy, located over 2 million light-years from Earth, has been released after the use of the most powerful wide-field telescope in the Northern Hemisphere, demonstrating its capability. 

China's Wide Field Survey Telescope (WFST) (put) into operation on Sunday in Northwest China's Qinghai Province, developed by the University of Science and Technology of China and the Purple Mountain Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). The telescope, is also known as the Mozi surveying telescope, will be (extreme) useful for enhancing China's capabilities in time-domain astronomical (天文的) research, according to CAS. Mozi was an ancient Chinese philosopher who is said to be the first in history (conduct) optical (光学的) experiments.

According to CAS, the WFST boasts an optical telescope of 2.5 meters in diameter and a 765-million-pixel camera, equipping it  the strong surveying ability that allows it to survey the entire northern sky every three nights. 

The Andromeda Galaxy is  closest large spiral (旋涡) galaxy to the Milky Way and  (have) a similar structure and metallicity, making it an ideal research object for exploring the formation and evolution of the Milky Way and similar galaxies. The WFST has both a large field of view  high-resolution imaging capabilities, enabling it to take multicolor images of the Andromeda Galaxy and its outlying regions. The telescope generated the image using 150 photos  (take) on multiple nights of observation.

Courtney Rich is a mother of two, whose journey through the Big Cottonwood Marathon was a familiar marathoner's battle. Her 1 was tested with each pace towards the uphill finish. The

1.7-mile race was a hard dance of patience and will, a dance Courtney knew well. Her legs, heavy with effort, threatened to betray (背叛) her 2 .

Then, from the sidelines 3 the 10-year-old "dynamo" (发电机), Avery. Her sudden appearance put a burst of energy and emotion into the scene. Full of determination, her thin figure ran 4 towards her mother, who was visibly 5 from the marathon. The crowd watched in awe as this young dynamo took charge.

As Avery 6 Courtney, their hands held tightly and the marathon's final act was suddenly rewritten. Avery, a burst of energy personified, became her mother's anchor (精神支柱), and her small act of support was 7 in its impact. With a determined look, Avery grasped her mother's hand. She didn't say a word, but her actions 8 a lot. They started running together towards the finish line, their hands firmly held together.

The onlookers 9  them inspired by the 10  of love and support between mother and daughter. It was a heartwarming moment, making everyone 11  that sometimes, unexpected 12  from the ones we love can 13  the strength to overcome even the most discouraging challenges. 

As they approached the finish line, the crowd's applause grew louder, and Avery's mother's tiredness began to 14 , replaced by a renewed sense of determination. Together, they crossed the finish line hand in hand, sharing a 15 moment that they would remember forever.

Change can be hard. It means a lack of certainty and predictability.  Here are some tips to give your teen to help them cope with change in a healthy way. 

Many times, our first response to change is to either deny it, fight it, or run away from it. Unfortunately, none of these strategies help us cope with change successfully. Most of the time we can't control change, but we can control our response to it. Sometimes, simply saying "things are changing, and that's OK" can make us feel better.

Control what you can.  Having some things that stay the same like walking the dog every evening after dinner reminds us that some things are still the same and allows our brain to rest. It can also help to plan whatever is still in our control or set goals for areas we want to see improve. Useful strategies can include focusing on the problem at hand, developing a plan for action, and asking for advice. 

Identify your fears. Our imaginations can get the best of us sometimes, and we might exaggerate the problem. Honestly evaluate the change and consider what the worst case is. Determine what specifically is making you worried. 

Talk about solutions more than feelings. One of the most common myths (谬见) of coping with unwanted changes is the idea that we can "work through" our anger, fears, and frustrations by talking about them a lot. In fact, research shows that repeatedly broadcasting negative emotions can make us feel worse. As you talk about the change you are facing, make sure you are focusing on the problem and possible solutions, and avoid focusing solely on your feelings.

A. Take a fair attitude.

B. Acknowledge the change.

C. This isn't always the case.

D. Look at the positives that will come out of the change.

E. It helps to have other areas of our life follow a predictable schedule.

F. You might realize that the worst case is not as bad as you imagined.

G. However, change is necessary for growth and it is normal to fear what we don't know.

D

As the capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) keep growing, some companies are hiring "AI prompt (提示) engineers" to help them get the best out of the emerging technology. Are these jobs set to become a universal presence, or are they a passing fad (时尚)? Generative AI creates text or images in response to prompts entered by the user. This can be as simple as asking for something in plain English, similar to using a search engine. But there is a key to it: including the right references and keywords that can guide AI towards the desired outcome.

"By buying a pre-built prompt given by prompt engineers, you can ensure the AI model will generate what you want. The average price is $3.50, but some prompts can cost hundreds of dollars," says Ben Stokes, the founder of Prompt Base. Most of the prompt engineers on the site don't have a technical background. The engineers tend to come from a photography or graphic design background, and those working on prompts for generating text used to work in marketing or copy writing.

Aaron Sines at US recruitment firm Razoroo has been placing engineers into AI jobs for five years, but only came across the term "prompt engineer" earlier this year. Sines says that a lot of the companies approaching him looking for a "prompt engineer" are actually seeking a more rounded AI researcher with technical skills. He believes AI models could become better at extracting (提取) information from humans about what they want, making the idea of a specialized prompt engineer obsolete, but thinks there will always be a need for humans to oversee AI models during development and application.

Zhan Qin at Zhejiang University in China says complex prompts, and the prompt engineers who create them, are unlikely to disappear any time soon because AI models aren't like traditional algorithms (算法) that work on logic and can be entirely understood by humans. "Some prompts are short. But there are a lot of very, very long prompts. Even the generators of those prompts do not know the exact meanings behind those magical words," says Qin.