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In the summer of 2021, an unseasonal event took place. More than 100 miles of Florida's coast around Tampa Bay became an oxygen-depleted (缺氧的) zone containing dead fish along the nearby shoreline.

Much of the conversation around our climate crisis highlights the emission of greenhouse gases and their effect on warming, sea-level rise and ocean acidification (海洋酸化). We hear little about the effect of climate change on oxygen levels, particularly in oceans and lakes. But water without adequate oxygen cannot support life. For the three billion people who depend on coastal fisheries for income, declining ocean oxygen levels are devastating. 

As ocean and atmospheric scientists focus on climate, we believe that oceanic oxygen levels are the next big victim of global warming. To stop the situation from worsening, we need to expand our attention to include the dangerous state of oceanic oxygen levels — the life-support system of our planet. We need to accelerate ocean-based climate solutions that boost oxygen. Examples include nature-based solutions such as those discussed at the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26) held in Glasgow. 

Enhanced monitoring of oxygen and the establishment of an oxygen-accounting system are a must. Putting oxygen into the climate story motivates us to do the work to understand the deep systemic changes happening in our complex atmospheric and oceanic systems. We celebrated the return of humpback whales in recent years to an increasingly clean New York Harbor and Hudson River. However dead fish blocked the Hudson in the summer as warmer waters carried less oxygen. 

Ecosystem changes connected to physical and chemical system-level data may point the way to new approaches to climate solutions. It includes an enhanced understanding of the life-support system of our planet. Roughly 40 percent of the world's people depend on the ocean for their livelihoods. If we do not save marine life from oxygen starvation, we starve ourselves.

Night owls may be prone to heart disease and diabetes (糖尿病) than early birds because their bodies are less able to burn fat for energy, U. S. researchers say. People who rise early rely more on fat as an energy source. They are often more active in the day than those who stay up later, meaning fat may build up more easily in night owls, the scientists found. 

The findings may help explain why night owls are at greater risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. They may also help doctors to identify patients early on who are more likely to develop the conditions. 

The researchers divided 51 fat middle-aged adults into early birds and night owls, depending on their answers to a questionnaire on sleeping and activity habits. They monitored the volunteers' activity pattern for a week and tested their bodies' fuel preference at rest and while performing moderate or high-intensity exercise on a treadmill.

In Experimental Physiology, the team described how early birds were more sensitive to blood levels of the hormone insulin (胰岛素) and burned more fat than night owls while at rest and during exercise. The night owls were less sensitive to insulin and their bodies favored carbohydrates over fat as an energy source. 

Prof Steven Malin, a senior author on the study and an expert in metabolism, said it was unclear why differences in metabolism were seen in night owls and early birds. But one possibility, he believes, is a mismatch between the time people go to bed and wake the next morning and the circadian rhythms (昼夜节奏) that govern their body clocks. 

The findings could affect discussions around the health risks of night-shift work and even changing the clocks to suit daylight hours. "If we promote a timing pattern that is out of sync with nature, it could worsen health risks, " Malin said. "Whether dietary patterns or activity can help reduce these is an area we hope becomes clear in time. "

When I was a girl of eight, living in a town, I used to work for Mrs. White, an elderly lady. She paid me very little for my work, because she didn't have much money. She did, however, promise to give me a Christmas present. The girls I played with had baseball gloves, bicycles and ice skates, and I was so eager to acquire any one of these. On Christmas morning, Mrs. White gave me a little package which could hardly hold anything. I was painfully disappointed but she told me it was a kind of magic. My disappointment turned into curiosity.

With great excitement I opened the package, only to find a pile of ten sheets of black paper inside, each labeled in colorful letters, Carbon Paper Regal Premium. I didn't know what it was. "Is it magic?" I asked. My Aunt Karen, who was a school teacher, answered, "It really is!" She took two pieces of white paper and placed between them one of the black sheets from the box. Then, with a hard pencil, she wrote my name on the upper sheet. Removing it and the Carbon Paper Regal Premium, she handed me the second sheet, which her pencil had in no way touched. There was my name!

I was enthralled. I wrote and wrote, using up whole tablets until the last piece of black paper was used up. It was a game I didn't want to end. I was very happy with my special gift. I can honestly say that, in that one moment, I understood as much about printing, copying words and the mystery of spreading ideas as I have learned in the remaining half-century of my life.

I hope that this year some boys and girls will receive, from thoughtful adults who really love them, gifts that will shock them. It is such gifts and such experiences — usually costing little or nothing — that transform a life and lend it a motivation that may continue for decades. 

E-books That You May Like

The Science of Diet & Exercise

This is the most popular e-book which centers around how to keep one's figure using traditional weight loss methods. The new edition includes two cover stories: Why Your Brain Needs Exercise, which looks at the benefits of exercise in an evolutionary context, and Obesity on the Brain, which examines the effects of unhealthy foods on the brain.

On-Sale Date: January 1, 2023

Price: $7. 66

Mysteries of the Mind

For more than a century, scientists have investigated the workings of nature's most complex organ — the brain. Findings are moving us closer to understanding processes such as how we make decisions. In this e-book, we examine the latest research on how we can improve mental health.

On-Sale Date: May 3, 2022

Price: $8. 99

The Mystery of Sleep

The reason we need sleep has long puzzled scientists, but it's clear that we do need it. In fact, the more we learn about what happens while we sleep, the more we discover new benefits for multiple processes including hormone balance, emotional health, learning and memory. Studies show that even one night of disturbed rest can lead to measurable harm, and for this mini-collection, we've gathered the most recent research on sleep.

On-Sale Date: January 1, 2023

Price: $4. 66

The Science Behind the Debates

People say that they trust scientists, yet evidence often takes a back seat to emotions. In fact, for issues that cause the most public anger — like vaccine safety — there is almost no debate in the scientific community. In this e-book, we examine the science behind today's most arguable debates including GMOs (转基因生物) and evolution, as well as strategies for understanding and coping with denialism (否定主义).

On-Sale Date: March 4, 2022

Price: $7. 99

Once upon a time, in the midst of a fine summer, Tom and his younger brother Jack went on an amazing trip to a picturesque beach with their family. 

Excitement filled the air as Tom and Jack eagerly packed their buckets and shovels (铲子), ready to explore the sandy wonders that awaited them. The moment they arrived at the beach, they wasted no time and rushed directly towards the shoreline. 

With the wind brushing gently over their cheeks, Tom and Jack dug their hands into the soft grains of sand, laughing happily as they felt grains of sand passing through their fingers. Their laughter was echoing along the coast. 

Then the two little brothers decided to build a splendid sand castle that would leave everyone in awe. With the sound of seabirds singing in the background, they began their grand project. Side by side, they cupped their hands, dug into the soft beach, and started building their dream castle. With great care and precision, they sculpted and shaped the sand with their fingers, crafting each tower and wall. The boys were lost in their work, feeling the warmth of the sand beneath their fingers. They seemed to hear whispering tales of the distant, mysterious ocean. 

Time seemed to stand still as the boys poured their hearts into every detail of their sandy creation. With each passing moment, the sand castle grew in both size and beauty and it began to take shape. Together, they patiently decorated their dream castle with seashells and twigs, imagining a world of soldiers, princesses, and magical creatures. 

Seeing the castle stand proudly before them, the two little brothers breathed out a sigh of relief. Their eyes shone with excitement. They were like architects who were appreciating their masterpiece that expressed their extraordinary imagination. 

注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

However, just before they knew it, the seawater began to rise. 

Jack nodded his head in agreement and they determined to rebuild it 

注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Dear Caroline, 

Yours sincerely, 

Li Hua

Doing morning exercises is a daily routine in every Chinese kindergarten and school. For the grown-ups, however, familiar schoolyards have already been replaced  public parks. 

The morning scenes in central parks around China are lively. At every corner of the park, you can also see people  (practise) many kinds of sports: square dancing, badminton and so on. 

But the most eye-catching groups in the park are the so-called "Kung Fu Grandpas/ Grannies", videos have gone viral on the Internet. Most of them are ordinary workers from different industries who only started working out after their (retire). They say age is just a number when it comes to fitness.

The  (benefit) of exercise are endless: a healthier body together with a slimmer figure and a  (happy) mood. No matter how old they are or when during the day they exercise, they will always strengthen the body. 

Social connection is also  the elderly seek during their morning workout. Feng, who is seventy-two years old, plays Taichi every day. He  (keep) this exercise routine for six years and now he is managing a WeChat group of 270 members who share  same hobby. 

"What I like about this place is that newcomers are always welcome. Everyone in the park feels (include), " said Feng. It is like a chorus of life.

Elmer Whitaker sighed as he looked over his muddy crops. A terrible 1  had swept through his farm the night before, and his crops were now covered in 2  and destroyed. His neighbor, a kind young man named Thomas, 3  to offer his help. 

"What a disaster, "Whitaker said. " My whole family has always survived on the harvests of this field. I feel 4 and don't know what to do now.

Thomas calmed him down and thought for a moment. "I see this not as a disaster but as an 5 , " he said. Whitaker looked at him 6 . "How can it be?" he asked. Thomas smiled 7 , "Now you have a chance to try something new. You've always grown beans and cabbages. Why not try planting 8 crops that will also fit in this soil? You can diversify and therefore 9 your farm once again. "

Elmer Whitaker considered this. Thomas was right-he had become set in his ways. This disaster could push him to make his farm 10 and sustainable in a new way. "You have 11 me, " Whitaker said. He clapped Thomas on the back. "Thank you for showing me the opportunity in this difficulty. "

And so Whitaker 12 new crops and soon, the farm was full of life again. Farmers from neighboring towns were 13 with the wonder of Whitaker's fields, and they began to 14 their crops as well. Elmer Whitaker's farm has become a 15 of adaptability and hope, telling everyone that in every storm, there is a chance for new growth.

If you are seeking a job, you need to pay attention to your social media and online comments.  The following reminders may help you use social media well and grow your career. 

∙ Choose online platforms wisely. 

Instead, decide on one specific platform where you know what to expect and where you can feel safe and supported, and then build your personal channel there. It's often where people look first to find out more about you. Make it as a space to show the best reflection of you and a place to tell your story and how you want it to be told.

∙ 

Know that people are watching-and it is not just your followers. Your potential clients and employers are paying attention, too. They want to learn about you and see if you are a good fit. The key is defining your professional image. Understand how you want to present yourself to the world, show what you want to be known for, and impress them with your best image. 

∙ Keep it clean and legal. 

This is not to limit free speech but to set rules for a respectful, professional environment. Besides, knowing and understanding the basics of copyright law can help. For example, photos are protected by copyright from the moment they are taken, whether they are registered or not. It is OK to share online videos and photos with your friends, without asking for the owner's permission and without paying fines.

If you use social media to your advantage, jobs will flow your way, not away. It's all in your hands.

A. Befriend your future colleagues. 

B. Define your own personal image. 

C. You don't have to register every online platform.

D. Consider setting ground rules for your online channel. 

E. Anything that has ever been shared on the Internet is rediscoverable. 

F. However, using them in your social media is against the copyright law. 

G. They are open for any and all to see-including your future employers. 

One of the biggest challenges that traditional educators face is how to unlock students' love of learning. Once students overcome their fear or unwillingness, they will be on the track of becoming motivated learners.

In order to help students discover the joy in learning, some teachers are turning to a simple but effective strategy called gamification-using game-related elements such as activities and rewards to promote students' engagement in class. With an origin in educational psychology, this approach is designed to reach students by making the learning process funny and interesting.

What's more researches show that gamification can also make assignments less stressful. Without too much pressure, students will associate learning with curiosity and joy. Accordingly, they feel like continuing the journey because positive feelings have boosted their confidence.

But like any other strategies, gamification has its drawbacks when used incorrectly. It is very likely that some students only focus on winning rewards but have no interest in understanding concepts or learning new skills-exactly the opposite of the desired outcome. To avoid this, teachers can help prevent students from becoming wrongly motivated by choosing suitable rewards. Instead of class parties or snacks, try rewards that help students develop a passion for academic subjects. 

For example, have students earn points towards a class field trip by behaving and doing their assignments, or pair subjects that a student dislikes with fun books or activities to encourage motivation. That way, they associate fun with reading, math, or other skills. More examples include competing on a leader-board, holding a talent show, or playing other team-building games. All activities and rewards need to be carefully selected and well arranged. 

If you're having a hard time getting your class interested in learning, talk with them together or individually about what motivates them and include it into your student engagement strategies.

If "Why?" is the first question in science, "Why not?" must be the second one. It's interesting to think about why something does not exist in nature, such as a three-legged animal.

In an online lecture, David Jackson, a biologist in Earth and Planetary Sciences, was challenged to come up with "an animal or plant that does not and cannot exist". Jackson told the audience that in nature, no species known to date has ever been born with a third leg.

Jackson pointed out that, however, many animals do use a particular three-legged pose for support. Examples include meerkats (猫鼬) resting on their tail and back feet and woodpeckers (啄木鸟) using tail feathers to weigh themselves against a tree trunk, which is more stable and requires less energy. Given that three-legged movement does work in some situations, why are there no animals with three legs?

The answer may be at the core of evolution. Over a long time in history, almost all animals have adapted themselves and developed into a body shape which is organized around a central point and can be divided into two similar halves. Butterflies are an excellent example. Not only can their body shape be divided into two matching halves, but also the patterns on each wing are exactly the same. The law of having two sides to everything has been in our DNA since the first animals appeared on the earth. 

And it is important to remember that only those biological changes that prove to have brought advantages can be passed down to next generations. If there were three-legged animals, there would be some good reasons for that to happen. However, three-legged animals would not be able to run as fast as four-legged animals. And they would also not be as efficient as two-legged animals. Three legs would simply make climbing, walking, running, and sleeping more difficult. 

"The non-existence of three-legged animals can also be seen as the result of natural selection, " Jackson explained to the curious audience.

"He is a giant of the 20th-century art, but that doesn't mean he only did big paintings, said Lynn Miller, director of Rochester Central Gallery, in an interview last Thursday.

Entitled "Picasso and His Drafts", a special exhibit marking 50 years since the death of Pablo Picasso is held at the gallery this month. Instead of his paintings, the notebooks on which the Spanish legendary artist drew drafts are shown to the public for the first time.

Matchbox covers, postcards, restaurant napkins all served as drafting notes for the artist at moments of inspiration. It is important to know that each of the 14 notebooks presented reflects what was going on in his life. 

For example, a tiny notebook whose size is just 3 by 5 inches stands out among the exhibits. Inside the little book was a self-portrait of the artist finished roughly in pencil, with deep and thoughtful eyes. It was done in 1918 and Picasso, then in his mid-30s, had just got married. He produced big-sized artworks but he also kept this tiny notebook around, filling it with scenes of his wife, their friends, the beach and the town, and drafts of upcoming paintings. Actually, many of the draft drawings are early versions of famed paintings like Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907) and Dora Maar in an Armchair (1939).

"He is a great artist of the modern period, and we see practice and determination in his notebooks, said Lynn Miller, referring to Picasso's efforts in improving his skills through copious drawing. Bernard Ruiz-Picasso, a grandson of Picasso's, remembered him always drafting until the last piece of paper available. "My grandpa was permanently drawing something, Ruiz-Picasso said.

In a documentary film shown at the gallery, Picasso, shirtless and in shorts, was standing on a ladder to reach the top of his canvas (画布). It reminds visitors of the real size of his masterworks. 

There is no better way to explore the Great Wall in China than by hiking or walking along it. Here we recommend three most popular hiking routes for you. Take your time and feel the history coming to life. 

Route 1: Jinshanling-Simatai (West)

This route is also called Jinshanling Great Wall hiking. It is definitely the best hiking route if you want to see the original Great Wall. It includes some ruined sections as well as some breathtaking scenery with the Wall snaking along the mountain ridges into the distance. 

Distance from Beijing: 1.5 hours by road   Wall conditions: half ruined

Time needed: about 3 hours on the Wall   Length: 5 kilometers

Difficulty:＊＊＊＊

Route 2: Mutianyu-Simatai

Mutianyu is the best fully restored section of the Great Wall with convenient access from Beijing. Simatai is the most spectacular wild section of the Wall but this route is the most visitor-friendly. An overnight stay in a hotel at Gubei Water Town will allow you to have a relaxing tour of the Simatai Great Wall section. 

Distance from Beijing: 5 hours by road  Wall conditions: totally ruined

Time needed: two days      Length: 10 kilometers

Difficulty: ＊＊＊

Route 3: Jiankou-Mutianyu (Wild Hike)

The experience will be extraordinary. When you reach the mountain ridges, you have conquered the most challenging Great Wall section. What's more, there are no crowds around you-it's just you, the mountains, the ruined wall, your guide, and the history behind these ancient ruins. 

Distance from Beijing: 2.5 hours by road   Wall conditions: partly ruined

Time needed: about 4 hours on the Wall   Length: 7 kilometers

Difficulty: ＊＊＊＊＊

If you love a hiking trip with pleasant surprises and no disappointments, just pick one from the above routes. 

10-year-old Aiden went to the first door and knocked on it. An older woman answered the door. 

"Good morning!" Aiden said. "My name is Aiden. My mom is sick, and I want to get food for her. Can I get some money, please?" But the woman suspected and refused. Aiden didn't lose heart and knocked on the second door. "Can I please ask for some money, ma'am? My mom is very sick!" he begged sadly. The woman who answered the door gave him a concerned look. "Oh! Should I call the CPS (儿童保护署) or an ambulance? Do you want me to come with you?"

"Ugh, well, " Aiden hesitated. "It's alright. I just remembered I had to go somewhere, " he ran away. That whole day, Aiden went from door to door asking for money, but sadly, he got none.

A couple of days later, Aiden returned to the neighborhood and saw a new couple had moved into what used to be an empty house. He decided to try his luck and knocked on the door, and a young woman answered. 

Aiden told her his name and repeated what he said to the other residents. The woman smiled, "I'm Lauren. Just wait here. I'll get you some money and food, okay?" Aiden nodded as Lauren went inside. She returned with two huge bags of groceries and a $100 bill. "I hope these can help your mother, " she said.

"Thank you!" he exclaimed happily as he carried the two bags over his shoulder and ran away.

Waving him goodbye, Lauren realized that Aiden was hiding something. She decided to drive after him secretly to find out more about his story. Soon, they came to an area without houses, and then Aiden disappeared under a bridge. Lauren pulled over and walked to the bridge. She spotted him and froze. Aiden was living with a little girl in a tent under the bridge. She heard Aiden saying to the girl, "Beth, we have food now. You won't go hungry. "

注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Lauren turned up suddenly in front of them. 

After listening to Aiden's story, Lauren had an idea.

注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

A Celebration for the Successful Launch of Shenzhou-16 Mission

It is more than six decades since the death of Lei Feng, a young soldier who showed selfless (devote) to duty, and yet the "Lei Feng Spirit" is still alive, (inspire) a new generation of Chinese people.

Ye Zigui, deputy leader of the Lei Feng Squad (班) — the current name of the military unit in  the heroic soldier served—is in no doubt that this spirit should  (pass) on to the next generation. 

This year marks  60th Lei Feng Day, an event aimed at celebrating the life and spirit of this young soldier  (annual), who devoted his spare time and money to helping the needy. He died in an accident in 1962 at the age of 22. In 1963, Chairman Mao Zedong called on the nation  (learn) from Lei Feng, with posters put on display featuring Lei in his uniform and a cotton hat,  he quickly became a public role model with great appeal. 

In the Lei Feng Squad, the (importance) role model of Chinese people for generations can be seen everywhere; his statue, his photos and copies of his diary are displayed in the room. On the wall (be) shining red characters that read, "The former squad leader is always with us. "

Lilyma Khan wished to be a chef like her father. When she was three years old, she'd watch her father 1 for the entire neighbourhood in his restaurant. But these evenings, filled with food, laughter, and warmth, were 2 —at the age of 5, her parents died.

3  five years old, Lilyma had to face the 4  of her parents. At the same time she would also face the struggle to 5  herself, looking for food from dustbins. 

Later she went into Kilkari Rainbow-Home where everything 6  for Lilyma. She got access and opportunity to give 7  to her dreams. After finishing Class 12, she was able to earn money by working at a 8  thanks to a-charitable organisation that provides skills training to 9  young adults. 

10  to cook for the staff at the restaurant, the ambitious teen was not 11 . She wanted to cook for the customers of the restaurant, and was ready to 12  the effort. 

Seeing her 13 , the chefs at the restaurant slowly took her under their wings and 14  teaching her basics. Today, Lilyma leads a team of 35 people at Dear Donna. 

"Have courage to move ahead in life. From being hungry all the time, I am now able to feed many. You too can achieve your dreams, " says Lilyma, with 15 in her voice.

Do you enjoy playing video games? Have you ever thought about what it would be like to design them for a living? Let's talk with Mitu Khandaker to learn about her cool career as a video game designer.

What's it like to be a game designer?

Being a game designer is like wearing a lot of different hats at once. . Another minute, I might be solving a design problem, or creating art. The other part of the job is working with people. It's very collaborative (协作的).

What makes a great game designer?

The best game designers are people who have a wide range of interests, because you want to bring those into games. , but you might also be someone who loves painting or writing stories, or making music, or even just listening to music. For instance, I love listening to hip-hop and rap. Whatever your interests are, there is a space for that in games to tell these amazing new stories. 

?

I would love for my work to change the way people think about representation in games. I'm all about telling stories that make people feel seen. For me, growing up as a little brown girl, I didn't see any characters who looked like me. .

What's your advice for future game designers?

, if you want to be a game designer. If you like writing stories, or you like drawing or painting or designing board games—whatever it is—there is a place for you in games. Don't take no for an answer. That's how I got to where I am.

A. You might love playing games

B. How do you become a game designer

C. That's something I really want to change

D. One minute, I might be fixing some code

E What effect can you have as a game designer

F. What inspires you to start your own game-development company

G. I would say absolutely follow your passion and believe in yourself

Scientists at the University of Washington (UW) have come up with an unusual way to help farmers get information about the plants in their fields. 

Farmers already use drones (无人机) to collect information about their crops. But they can only fly for 10 to 20 minutes, and can only travel for a few miles. Last year, the team at UW showed off "RoboFly", a tiny robot that weighed as much as a toothpick and could fly. But it can't fly far at all and it needs a laser (激光) for power. So the scientists began to think about things that already knew how to fly, which led them to the bumblebees (大黄蜂) that fly all day. Compared to many flying insects, bumblebees are so large and strong as to fly carrying almost as much as their own weight.

The UW scientists created a special device with sensors, a small battery, and a way of storing tiny amounts of information. This "backpack" weighs about as much as seven grains of dry rice.

To track the bee, the scientists send radio signals from several spots along the edges of the field where the bee is. The tiny computer on the bee's back uses the strength of the signals to figure out where it is. The backpack records information about the temperature and light. When the bee return s home at the end of the day, a device can wirelessly download the information the bee has collected. Another device can wirelessly recharge the backpack's battery.

In the UW experiment, the scientists cooled the bumblebees down so that they stopped moving, and then glued the backpacks onto the bees. But it would be difficult for farmers to do the same thing for hundreds of bumblebees. Besides, bumblebees don't live long — about a month. Farmers would need to be careful as the bees got older, otherwise the trackers could die while they are out in the field, leaving the electronic litter behind.

A huge mass of rock slid down a mountainside above a Swiss village Brienz that was evacuated (撤离) last month, stopping just short of the settlement, relieved local officials said Friday. 

Brienz is a small village in the mountains of Switzerland. For hundreds of years, the mountain rocks above the village have appeared as if it might fall on the village at any moment. 

It didn't just look that way. The mountain was actually moving. Research indicates that since the 1920s, the mountain has been shifting a little over an inch a year. But the movement increased about 20 years ago. Since then, the mountain's rocks have been moving about a yard every year.

In May, the government told the people of Brienz to evacuate. They warned that rock and dirt were expected to slide off the mountain, and it could happen in as little as a week. Last Thursday night, it did happen. It completely covered the road and left a pile of rubble (碎石) as high as a four-story building. But somehow, it missed the village by a "hair".

The building closest to the mountain is the village school. The rubble stopped just a few yards from the school. But villagers are still worried about their church, St. Calixtus, which is over 500 years old. Last Friday, a helicopter flew over the village to check the area. The system that's used to keep an eye on the mountain's movements was damaged in the rockslide. Experts have been working day and night to rebuild it. The local government won't have enough information to decide when the villagers can go back to Brienz until the system is repaired.

According to scientists, it was climate change that made some other recent landslides in Europe happen. But they say the rockslide that threatened Brienz was not caused by it. In fact, nature has long eaten away the rock in the region, causing the rockslide.