相关试卷

Although taking good notes sounds a time-consuming task, it will benefit you to become a better student in several ways.  Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. Third, note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold your interest. 

You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook or doing research for a report.  Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is a selective process. 

The following methods may work best for you. 

• Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it. 

• Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main points and supporting facts. 

• Write your notes in your own words. 

•

• Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or written. 

As you take notes, you may want to use your own shorthand (速记). When you do, be sure that you understand your symbols and that you use them all the time. 

A. There are three practical note-taking methods. 

B. You must write your notes on separate paper. 

C. Use some key words, not complete sentences. 

D. Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later. 

E. You will also want to develop your own method for taking notes. 

F. First, the simple act of writing something down helps you understand and remember it better. 

G. That means you have to first decide what is important enough to include in your notes. 

For humans, adapting to (适应) climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help reduce the effects of a warmer world. However, animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviour. 

In a study done by Trends in Ecology & Evolution, a team led by Sara Ryding, a PhD at Deakin University, in Australia, shows that is already happening. And climate change is already changing the bodies of many animal species, giving them bigger beaks (鸟喙), limbs and ears. 

In some species of Australian parrot, for example, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. All that is nicely in line with evolutionary theory (进化论). "Allen's rule", named for Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger appendages (附肢) than those in mild regions.

Such increase in an animal's surface area helps it release (释放) extra heat. For example, being richly gifted with blood vessels, and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place for birds to release heat.

It seems clear that the world of the future is not just going to be hotter than humans are used to. These animals living in it will look different, too. Studying a larger range of animals will help figure out what is exactly happening. Much of Ms Ryding's data is about birds, however, with less information available for other animals.

When most people picture bobsled from the Winter Olympics or from the film "Cool Runnings", they usually see four people, or at least two, energetically pushing a sled and then leaping in before racing down an icy course.

But differently, in monobob, an event making its first Olympic show at the 2022 Beijing Winter Games, one sledder does it all: push, leap and drive, and at this year's Games, every one of the competitors will be a woman.

The event is one of seven additions to the Olympics program for 2022 and the only one of the groups that will be competed only by women. Also being added are freestyle skiing big air jumping events for men and women and a handful of mixed-gender events. 

Monobob, however, may get the most attention. The event was attracting the International Olympic Committee in many ways, but particularly because of its competitive advantages. The cost of entry for the smaller sleds—a monobob might cost about $15,000, while a two-person is about $70,000—and the need for only a single sledder has fair results: Brazil and Jamaica won medals at last season's World Cup and a Cambodian recorded in the top ten.

In addition, all monobob sleds will come from the same producer, which partly weakens the technological advantages that wealthy nations have long enjoyed. In all the years of bobsled at the Games, only Germany, Switzerland, the United States, Canada and Italy have won more than one gold medal. 

English is the most widely spoken language in the world. And of the roughly 1. 5 billion speakers globally, the vast majority speak it as a second language. So where are the world's best non-native English speakers? According to a new report by EF Education First, an international education company, Northern Europeans are the most fluent. Middle Easterners are the least proficient (精通的).

The index (指数) is based on the results of a free online test taken by 2. 3 million volunteers in 100 countries. Nearly six in ten of this year's test-takers were female. Women have always performed better than men, but this year men closed the gap somewhat.

In Europe, the powerhouse economies perform surprisingly badly: only Germany makes the top place of "very high proficiency" countries. France is next, while Spain and Italy are continuously falling behind. A study by a Spanish research institute reported the bad news: 60% of adults say they speak no English at all. The fact that Spanish is a global language in its own right (the language declares 400 million native speakers) is probably the cause. If you speak Danish, you need another language to take part in global culture; speaking French or Spanish (or Arabic) means hundreds of millions of people to talk to without English.

Asia is the region of greatest diversity (多样性). Only Singapore makes the top level, but the Philippines, Malaysia, and India are not far behind. China is further back but still in the second level, a few places ahead of Japan. Struggling in the bottom places are a group of South-East and Central Asian countries like Cambodia and Kyrgyzstan. This relates with another factor: the company repeatedly finds that English skills are highly related with connections and openness to the rest of the world. 

Try something new at home and abroad

Readings are included on all our tours, PLUS a giftbook for NYRB readers. 

Online or on the road, be part of an enjoyable community that gathers to read, watch, listen to and discuss incredible literature, art, music and film. Study works that move, unsettle and inspire. Communicate with questions and ideas that matter. 

New participants take 25% off any online seminar. Choose from a variety of topics, schedules and prices. Just use the code NY Review at checkout. 

TOURS IN 2022

Slant of Light: Dutch and Flemish Old Masters in the Netherlands and Belgium, September 2022

Shifting Boundaries: Literature of Morocco, October 2022

Celebrating Life, Death and Rebirth in Mexico, October 2022

TOURS IN 2023

Friend of All That Lives: Ganges River Cruise, January 2023

Renaissance Venice, March 2023

Thinking Space, Drinking Space: Paris Café Culture, May 2023

Tracing Homer's Footsteps in Greece, May 2023

Into the Wild: Gros Morne, Newfoundland, June 2023

Quiet Revolutions: Literature of Quebec, September 2023

Literary Iceland: From Ancient Epic to Modern Novel, September 2023

Sign up for our e-newsletter and learn more about our online seminars and upcoming trips at: WWW. CLASSICALPURSUITS. COM. 

As The Jungle Book song Bear Necessities goes, "forget about your worries and your conflict" can be a little bit difficult when you find yourself face to face with a real bear.

Bears are common in the Northern Hemisphere. As human habitats stretch toward the wilderness, more and more animals cross their paths with those of humans. This can lead to dangerous encounters especially when precautions are not in place. In these situations, keeping your distance is still the best advice.

According to the National Park Service, one should also remain calm as bears, more often than not, are not really willing to attack you. Once in a standoff (对峙), avoid making sudden moves or loud noises as these can trigger aggression. 7-year-old Huxley did exactly what he was told when he encountered a massive bear.

It was a Sunny morning. Huxley was wandering on his way home when a big hulking (笨重的) figure emerges from behind him. A hurried glance backward, he knew it was a black bear. The bear approached cautiously at first, probably sizing up the figure in front of him. A second later, perhaps judging that Huxley was no match for it, the bear burst into a full sprint (冲刺) and ran its way toward the boy.

At first, Huxley was really frightened. However, he knew it was impossible to run or fight with the big beast. In the moment of crisis, he remembered his mother reminds him regularly about these possible encounters. She tells him that if Huxley finds himself face to face with a bear and there are no adults around, he should remain calm.

Huxley calmed down at thinking of this. He stared at the bear down without any movement. This might have been the reason why the young bear stopped dead in its tracks. They faced each other motionless, and there was only a foot distance between them.

注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

A collection of tombs dating from the Han Dynasty to the Six Dynasties period were discovered in Wulong District of Southwest China's Chongqing. The tomb dating back the Western Han Dynasty was the most important among them, and more than 600 precious (culture) relics such as lacquerware (漆器), wood ware, bamboo ware, pottery and bronze ware were unearthed from it. Due to (fill) with water, the tomb remained undisturbed and unharmed, and the funerary objects were well-preserved.

What is exciting about this (discover) is not just the large number of unearthed artifacts but also the list of burial items that indicate a precise record of burial, has been verified as 193 BC, (provide) clarity on the tomb's date. A piece of unearthed jade ware shows the important position of the tomb owner. The list of burial items found in the tomb is complete and (clear) records the name, quantity and size of the funerary objects.

The tomb  (contain) the largest quantity of lacquered wood and bamboo ware ever found at one time in the upper  (reach) of the Yangtze River. Based on publicly available information, it is also the earliest tomb of the Western Han Dynasty found in China with  clear recorded year.

I was on my way to go to a job interview when I was stopped by Officer Jenkins. When I 1 , both of the brake lights went out. Thinking that I was stopped for a(n) 2  traffic check, I reached for my driving license and registration. I was even ready for a(n) 3 .

As he 4 the car and saw I was pulling out my stuff, he 5 said, "Don't worry about pulling anything out. I just want you to be 6 that your brake lights are out." I was immediately 7 because I had just got them replaced last month. I explained to him how the garage mechanic wanted to 8 me $600 just to run a test on the wiring of the car.

He looked at me with a 9  and told me to pop the trunk. With a simple tap here and a tap there, Jenkins managed to get the brake lights 10  again.

I was moved by his 11 . He could have easily given me a ticket, but he stepped out of 12 role and into mechanic role to make sure I was straight. His action reminded me of the profound impact a 13 act of kindness can have. It's a call to recognize those who go the 14 mile, who do more than what's 15 of them.

Your guide to a no-spend challenge

A no-spend challenge isn't about total deprivation (剥夺) or freezing your bank account. . The most common form of the challenge is to purchase only necessities and restrain from buying wants and impulse desires.

Assessing and prioritising needs

Before delving (深入探究) into the no-spend challenge, take the time to assess and differentiate your essential needs from your wants. Identify recurring bills, necessary expenditures and essential items. Distinguish them from free spending on non-essential products and services. This initial step lays the foundation for a realistic and sustainable challenge. .

Creating a realistic budget

A successful no-spend challenge is rooted in the development of a well-crafted budget that reflects your financial reality. . Allocate specific amounts for variable expenses such as groceries and bills, enhancing accountability and providing a clear roadmap for responsible spending during the challenge.

Support system

. A firm support system that understands and respects your financial goals creates a positive environment, fostering motivation and solidarity. Share tips, experiences and celebrate milestones together, turning the challenge into a shared journey towards financial consciousness.

As your challenge concludes, take enough time to reflect on the entire experience. What insights did you gain into your spending habits and priorities? Identify positive changes you want to maintain and integrate them into your long-term financial strategy.

The no-spend challenge is not merely a temporary exercise; it serves as a catalyst for enduring financial wellness. Embrace the journey, learn from the experience and watch as your financial goals transform into realities.

A. Establishing long-term habits

B. Understanding the no-spend challenge

C. It ensures that crucial aspects of your life remain unaffected

D. Begin by outlining your income, fixed expenses and any upcoming financial goals

E. Share your commitment with friends and family, encouraging them to support your effort

F. The no-spend challenge serves as an opportune moment to cultivate mindful spending habits

G. It represents a conscious decision to redirect your financial focus and control your spending habits

Researchers have proposed a novel method for counting and tracking vehicles on public roads, a development that could improve current traffic systems and help travelers get to their destinations faster.

Using the cameras already installed on campus buses at the Ohio State University, researchers proved that they could automatically and accurately measure counts of vehicles on urban roadways, detect objects in the road and distinguish parked vehicles from those that are moving.

In previous studies, Ohio State researchers found that using these mobile cameras provides much better spatial and temporal (时间的) coverage than relying on often temporarily placed sensors that don't provide a view of many streets and roads in a city.

"If we collect and process more high-resolution (高清的) spatial information about what's happening on the roads, then planners could better understand changes in demand, effectively improving efficiency in the broader transportation system," said Keith Redmill, lead author of the study.

"If we can measure traffic in a way that is as good or better than what is conventionally done with fixed sensors, then we will have created something incredibly useful extremely cheaply," he said. "Our goal is to start building a system that could do this without much manual intervention because if you want to collect this information over lots of potential vehicles and lots of time, it's worth fully automating that process."

While still a long way from total implementation (实施), the study suggests the system's results bear promise for the future of intelligent traffic surveillance. Transportation planners, engineers and operators make vital decisions about the future of our roadways, so when designing transportation systems to work over the next 30 to 50 years, it's necessary that we give them data that allows them to improve the efficiency of the system and the level of service provided to travelers.

With a fragrance (芳香) through the bedrooms of older adults for two hours every night for six months, memories skyrocketed. Participants in this study by University of California, Irvine (UCI)neuroscientists gained a 226% increase in cognitive capacity compared to the control group. The researchers say the finding transforms the long-known tie between smell and memory into an easy, non-invasive technique for strengthening memory and potentially preventing dementia (痴呆).

The project was conducted through the UCI Center for the Neurobiology of Learning & Memory. It involved men and women aged 60 to 85 without memory impairment. All were given seven small containers, each containing a single and different natural oil. People in the enriched group received full-strength oils. Control group participants were given the oils in tiny amounts. Participants put a different container into their room each evening prior to going to bed, and it activated for two hours as they slept.

People in the enriched group showed a 226% increase in cognitive performance compared to the control group, as measured by a word list test commonly used to evaluate memory. Participants also reported sleeping more soundly. The researchers say the results from their study bear out what scientists learned about the connection between smell and memory.

Scientists have long known that the loss of ability to smell, can predict development of nearly 70 neurological and psychiatric diseases. These include Alzheimer's and other dementias, Parkinson's and alcoholism. Researchers have previously found that exposing people with moderate dementia to up to 40 different smells twice a day over a period of time improved their memories and language skills, eased depression and improved their sense of smell.

The team would next like to study the technique's impact on people with diagnosed cognitive loss. A product based on their study and designed for people to use at home is expected to come onto the market this fall.

When trash sculptor Stephanie Hongo meets friends for drinks or dinner, it's not unusual for one of them to hand her shopping bags full of lids, empty soap bottles, and even a Barbie leg or two. By now, she's used to neighbors, friends and even strangers giving her their recyclable rejects.

But Hongo doesn't need any more garbage. She has a large collection of her own at home. "You don't need to be a trash picker to do this," she says. "Trash is everywhere." And for Hongo, where there is trash, there is art. Since 2017, Hongo has crafted complex sea creatures, realistic-looking jungle animals and other creatures out of everything from plastic forks to plastic tubing as well as a hair dryer, a purse, a tooth brush, and even a hair straightener.

Starting with her first piece—a blue deer named Yandoo that she fashioned out of odds and ends laying around her flat, which she screwed together and spray painted in a makeshift basement art studio—she's gone on to create more than 160 trash sculptures.

"I feel very fortunate," says Hongo, who loves making a living as an artist. "I care about our environment. The upcycling aspect of it is a lovely byproduct." Though she doesn't consider herself a true eco-artist, she hopes she's inspiring others to reuse items that usually end up in landfills. But for her, she says, "The art comes first."

Before starting each project, Hongo figures out exactly what pieces of scrap (废旧的) metal, tubing and plastics she'll need to transform the pile of junk on her worktable into something fantastic, like a majestic octopus (章鱼) rocketing through the coral or a cute koala hugging a tree.

Since her funky creations sell on line at prices starting at $400, she's been fortunate enough to make trash sculpting her full-time career. "It's so much more than I ever expected," she says.

Successful wildlife conservation goes hand in hand with community education and engagement. Volunteers work with community leaders and schools to share their passion for conservation and the environment.

Rhino Conservation in Zimbabwe

The project is home to an internationally renowned Black Rhino Breeding and Release Programme which has supported Zimbabwe's rhino population since the mid 1980s. To date, 20 rhinos have been born at the conservancy, with 12 rhinos successfully released back into the wild. Volunteers play a role in securing the future of this once-again endangered animal, working alongside anti-poaching rangers (反偷猎护林员), working on rhino research projects and getting involved in the daily care of both black and white rhino.

Our Rhino Conservation Programme is a unique hands-on opportunity to get behind the scenes and experience day-to-day life on a private conservancy, and be involved with the protection and conservation of Zimbabwe's endangered black rhino.

The aim of the programme is to assist the reserve's established Black Rhino Breeding and Release Programme, collect meaningful data and information relating to rhino and wildlife conservation and animal behaviour, and engage with the local community about wildlife conservation.

Cheetah (猎豹) Conservation

In 2021, two captive-born male cheetah were introduced to the conservancy as part of an international rewilding programme. The cheetah are now free-wandering in the reserve, and volunteers play an important role in monitoring and observing their behaviour, tracking their movements and recording their hunting rate.

Volunteer Work

Volunteers contribute to a long-term conservation project and get involved with a variety of conservation activities:

·Work alongside rhinos, cheetah and elephants

·Conservancy management

·Wildlife monitoring

·Anti-poaching patrols and snare sweeps

·Educate school-children about conservation, wildlife and the environment

·Learn about what is involved in running a conservancy

I've been a leader of a youth group in my community for a number of years. Among all those organized group activities, the kids' favorite is called ARK night, with ARK standing for Acts of Random Kindness. A couple of times a year, on a Sunday night, we go out into our community to perform kind acts for others.

We split into small groups and complete assignments around town. One group typically goes downtown to where the homeless population is gathered and hands out sandwiches and cold water in the summer, and hand warmers and hot bread in the winter. Sometimes a group makes posters and goes to local police and fire stations to say thank you. We often have groups that visit nursing homes and hospitals to share a smile and conversation with the patients.

One time, the small group I was leading left Post-it notes with positive messages on the windshields(挡风玻璃) of all of the vehicles in the visitors' parking lot at the hospital. The hope was that someone who was sad or worn out after visiting a patient would be cheered up by our note.

We had spent the first part of the evening in my home, with the kids writing positive messages on their Positive notes, things like "Tomorrow is another day." "Keep smiling." "Things will get better." and "Have a nice day." One girl had curvy, beautiful handwriting and she decorated the corners of her notes with pretty multi-colored hearts.

After the kids left their notes on all those cars, one girl said to me, "We didn't see one single person. How will we know that our notes made a difference?"

"We'll just have to trust that they did," I said. Normally, the kids could see the reactions of the people they were helping, and I could tell they were disappointed at the lack of interaction with people during this assignment. I wondered about it, too. Would the notes cheer anyone up, or would they be thrown away like the advertisements that are sometimes left on car windshields?

注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

One day, I no tied a post by a friend of mine on Facebook.

……

It was one of our Post-it notes!

注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Notice

……

Student Union 

Meat, milk, cheese—just some of the things provided by goats. But now we can also add fire safety to this list. Wildfires(make) possible by hot, dry weather conditions as well as a supply of dead vegetation that serves as fuel. We may have limited control over the first factor,we can control the second. Reducing the fuel load lowers the probability of wildfires occurring, as well as the amount of damage(cause). This is where we can turn to goats to provide a (solve) .Goats have a very digestive system. Much vegetation that are toxic(有毒的) to other animals can be eaten by goats. It's not just fully-grown plantsgoats are able to deal with: any seeds that pass through ago at will not grow. Human clearance teams worry about (send) to hard-to-reach vegetation patches(土地)goats don't. They are(skill) mountain climbers and when standing on their legs, can reach up to two meters to eat shrubs and grass that humans would struggle(reach). Because of this, using goats can reduce both workplace accidents and the amount of money spentfire protection measures. Goatherd shave been found to clear some patches of land forthird of the price of human vegetation control teams.

My phone was an extension of myself. I couldn't go anywhere1 it. I scrolled through my friends'2 into late night and turned my phone on before my eyes were fully open. I enjoyed having it until that day when I realized that what had started as a useful tool had turned into a(n)3 . So, I made a4 decision to turnoff that smartphone and5 my old dumb phone out of hiding.

When I was watching TV shows or movies and there was a boring part, I6 picking up the phone and checking out "what everyone else was doing." Now I had to pay attention or find a way to7 myself with my thoughts instead. When I visited New York City, I had to write out8 and ask people where an intersection(十字路口) was 9 pulling out my phone.

I have welcomed silence into my life with open arms and am enjoying the increased10 from not constantly having to fight with the11 to check my phone while Pm trying to get something done. I am allowing my thoughts to speak to me instead of my phone.am connecting with others in a12 way that isn't all about me. Instead of always posting about what's going on in my13 perfect life, I am connecting with my friends one-on-one, talking about the reality of our lives and being there for them from a place of14 .

As much as having a smartphone was15 , not having one is freeing on a much bigger level.

How to Change Limiting Beliefs

Have you ever felt trapped by thoughts like "I'm not good enough" or "I can't achieve that"?.But it is possible to change your limiting beliefs and start living a happier and healthier life.

⒈Know your limiting beliefs

We're often not even conscious of our limiting beliefs.Make a habit of carrying a notebook and pen around with you for the next week. Notice when your mood changes for the worse or when you're feeling particularly down.

⒉Collect the evidence

Once you've discovered what your limiting beliefs are, start collecting evidence that disproves the limiting beliefs. If you think about this properly, you'll find that there is a lot of evidence out there.On the contrary, you will realize there is very little evidence to support those beliefs.

⒊

Repetitive thoughts form our beliefs and so it's essential to start making your internal dialogue positive, rather than negative. Over time this will become automatic, and you will start to form healthier beliefs about yourself.

⒋ Take action

Taking action is the single most important tool when it comes to making any sort of change in your life. Knowledge, without action, is worthless. Taking action to change your life is a choice..It takes effort and determination.

A. There's no quick fix

B. There is no substitute for taking action

C. Trade your limiting belief for an empowering statement

D. You've just been unconsciously ignoring it your whole life

E. For each limiting belief you have, turn it into a positive affirmation

F. These are known as limiting beliefs, stunting (阻碍) our potential

G. Because we believe them to be a reality, we don't recognize them for what they are

Officials of Detroit, Michigan, have equipped apiece of road with new technology designed to charge electric vehicles (EVs) on the path. The roadway is meant to serve as a demonstration project for the technology, which could be expanded to larger road systems. 

The system uses a series of copper wires placed underneath the road. These wires have the ability to send electricity through a magnetic field to charge an EV's battery. Charging can happen while the car is driving or sitting above the equipment. Elect re on says the electric road system is safe for people and animals walking over it and does not harm drivers.

The technology was created by Electreon, a developer of wireless charging solutions for EVs. Stefan Tongur, Electreon's vice president of business development, told The Associated Press EVs require special equipment to receive the wireless signal. "The technology is smart," Tongur said, and "knows who you are..."

The electrified road stretches about one half-kilometer. It will be used to test and improve the technology in preparation for wider releases. Tongur said the project aims to "demonstrate how wireless charging unlocks widespread EV adoption, addressing limited range, grid(电网) limitations, and battery size and costs." He looks forward to a future in which, in his words, "EVs are the norm, not the exception."

Michigan's Department of Transportation (DOT) signed a five-year agreement with Electreon to develop the roadway charging system. Offcial shave said they plan to build another electrified stretch of road in another part of the city. Michigan transportation officials say the wireless-charging roadway project has helped position the state and city of Detroit as national leaders in EV technology. "In Michigan, we want to stay ahead of the curve," Michigan DOT Director Bradley C. Wieferich told the AP.