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The art of learning how to think

Learning how to think is really the whole point of going to university because it is one of the few periods in your life when you get time to do it．

Like any skill, successful thinking takes practice．The more time you spend thinking and the more ideas you come up with, the more likely it is that some of them will be good ones． Your thinking will never improve if it consists entirely of thinking how much of a failure you are．

 Geniuses generally come up with their brilliant innovations by thinking about a subject in lots of different ways and establishing connections between apparently different ideas．On the other hand, there are times when you need to know what you are supposed to be thinking about and why, and to stay reasonably focused．

If you are having trouble thinking, it may be because you lack another skill that would make it easier．It could be that you don't have a wide enough vocabulary to put your thoughts into words． If you share a house with violinists and pianists, you may have trouble hearing yourself think．

One way to sharpen this skill is to think critically about what other people are thinking．Thinking is not always something that needs to be done alone． So, if your housemates ever abandon their instruments, engage them in conversation, look for holes in their arguments, and explain your own．

If you get really good at thinking while at university, you may be able to think of a way to carry that on．

A．Proper thinking is about creating an argument．

B．It enables us to become more independent thinkers．

C．If they're all rubbish, try not to keep thinking about it．

D．And thus it saves you actually doing anything once you leave．

E．You may also be in the wrong environment for productive thought．

F．Having a one-track mind won't improve your power of thinking anyway．

G．In fact, communicating your thoughts can help to develop and clarify them．

Bottled water has long been marketed as a safe drink—if it doesn't come straight from a mountain spring, it's at least clean and free of chemicals．But a new study demonstrates that bottled water may not be so safe when it comes to microscopic plastic pollutants capable of passing into the bloodstream．

For years scientists have raised the alarm over microplastics, which form when plastics break down into increasingly smaller particles（微粒）, ranging from five millimeters down to one micrometer．Previous studies have found that a liter of bottled water can contain tens of thousands of identifiable plastic particles．But they stopped at the one micrometer level due to technological restrictions．

The study used a new technology to find even smaller particles, and detected an average 240,000 plastic particles per liter of bottled water．About 90% of the particles were considered nanoplastics, smaller than one micrometer. Unlike microplastics, they are capable of passing through some organs like lungs into the bloodstream．From there they can stay in the heart muscle and other organs, pass into the brain, and even into the bodies of unborn babies．

So far, little research shows what nanoplastics exactly do once they enter the bloodstream．But there is much evidence that chemicals used in plastic production are bad for human health．Even if nanoplastics themselves are not deleterious, they can serve as carriers for the dangerous chemicals, increasing the risk of cancer and impacting key organs such as the heart．

"There is a huge world of nanoplastics to be studied," said the researchers．Even if nanoplastics make up 90% of the number of plastic particles found in bottled water, they make up far less in mass, they said．However, this fact provides little comfort: It's the numbers rather than mass that matter, and the smaller things are, the more readily they can get inside us．

The impact of technology on language is a topic that often causes concern, with many assuming that it is simply ruining it．However, language experts resist such pessimism, noting that there is little evidence to support the view that speech is getting worse．Gretchen McCulloch, in her book Because Internet, focuses on what can be learned about language from the internet rather than talking about its supposed negative effects．

McCulloch compares studying language online to growing bacteria（细菌）in a Petri dish, where trends emerge and disappear quickly, allowing language experts to observe changes that would otherwise take a considerable amount of time．The influence of strong ties like friends or family vs weaker ties on language change is analyzed, with computer simulations（模拟）revealing that having both strong and weaker ties helps spread updates in a community．

The role of social media platforms in language change is also discussed．Twitter, with its mix of strong and weak ties, is shown to drive more language change than Facebook, which is controlled by stronger ties．Emoji is highlighted as a universal digital expression of gestures, not a language．Additionally, there is evidence that the use of internet "innovations" such as "omg" dates back to pre-computer eras．

McCulloch's book focuses on the birth of a new medium rather than a new language．The rise of mass writing on the internet, characterized by frequent, error-filled, and short-lived communication, challenges traditional ideas about writing's importance．McCulloch suggests future historians should see this as a return to more casual（随意的）language, paying more attention to the value of tools that improve social interaction online．The book argues against the idea that these changes might lead to the end of "real" writing, advocating for an appreciation of anything that enhances human connect ion and the enjoyment of each other's company．

In the joyful summer Chadalavada spent with Jayasree, his grandmother in 2018, the pair watched endless movies．Late one evening, Jayasree, who had recently been diagnosed（诊断）with Alzheimer's, got up in her nightdress and went to make tea at her home in India．After she returned to her bedroom, Chadalavada went into the kitchen to find that his grandmother had left the gas on!

Chadalavada decided to invent a wearable device to help people like his grandmother．Now aged 17, Chadalavada is ready to start making the Alpha Monitor．The device, which can be worn as an armband, sets off an alarm when the wearer with Alzheimer's starts to move and warns a caregiver if the patient falls or wanders off．

Most similar devices run on Wi-Fi or Bluetooth, so when a person moves out of their frequencies' limited range the connection is lost and with it the monitoring．But the Alpha Monitor can detect a person more than a mile away in cities and three miles in the countryside thanks to the long-range technology, known as LoRa, it uses．

Teaching himself with YouTube videos about robotics and electronics, Chadalavada has developed several prototypes（模型）．To understand the needs of people with Alzheimer's, he spent time in a day centre run by the Alzheimer's and Related Disorders Society of India．There, the co-founder told him that the device "had to be something light that can be worn on any part of the body"．She says: "Many patients don't like having to wear a watch and they take it off."

In March, when Chadalavada's school exams are over, he will put the finishing touches to the monitor, with the aim of getting the device ready for market by September．He is confident that it should be sold at an affordable price for most people．

Chadalavada hopes to study robotics at a university abroad．His aim is simple: "I want to create products to help people in India for the whole world."

Is it possible to build muscle and meanwhile lose fat? Please allow us to bring the following two facts to your attention first．

Fact1: Losing fat requires a caloric deficit, which means consuming less calories than your body needs so that stored body fat is used for energy instead．

Fact 2: Building muscle requires a caloric surplus, which means consuming more calories than your body needs so that new muscle tissue can be created．

And it's this realization that leads those of us who want to build muscle and lose fat ideally at the exact same time to wonder just how we're supposed to make it happen．

The 4-week Online Workout Course professionally designed by Super Fitness will perfectly resolve the conflict, making it possible for you to both build muscle and lose fat．

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Cindy nervously glanced at the clock on the kitchen wall. Five minutes before midnight. Her parents were still out there celebrating their 15th anniversary.

"They should be home any time now," she thought as she put the finishing touches on the chocolate cake. It was the first time in her 12 years she had tried to make a cake from zero, and to be honest, it wasn't exactly an artistic success. The cake was... well, lumpy. And the coating was bitter, as if she had run out of sugar or something.

Which, of course, she had.

And then there was the way the kitchen looked. Imagine a huge blender（食物搅拌器） filled with all the stuff needed for chocolate cake --including the bowls, plates and tools. Now imagine that the blender is turned on. High speed. With the cover off.

Do you get the idea?

But Cindy wasn't thinking about the mess. She was anxious for her parents to return home from their date so she could present her anniversary gift to them. Picturing her parents' surprised faces when they saw the cake, she could feel a wave of excitement washing over her. She turned off the kitchen lights and waited excitedly in the darkness, hoping to give her parents a big surprise. Time seemed to her to be crawling with feet of lead while she anxiously awaited her parents' arrival. When at last she saw the flash of the car headlights, she positioned herself in the kitchen doorway, her heart thumping like a drum. By the time she heard the key sliding into the front door, she was THIS CLOSE to exploding.

Assuming Cindy was already sound asleep, her parents tried to steal in quietly, but Cindy would have none of that. She turned on the lights dramatically and trumpeted "Ta-daaa!" She gestured grandly toward the kitchen table, where a slightly off-balance chocolate cake awaited their inspection.

注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

注意：

参考词汇：偶像idol1．写作词数应为80个左右；2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Chang'an Tower, also known as the Great Wild Goose Pagoda, is an architectural wonder （locate） in Xi'an, China. With its rich historical significance and stunning beauty, this ancient tower stands as a masterpiece of China's cultural heritage.

（original） built during the Tang Dynasty in the 7th century, Chang'an Tower served as a Buddhist pagoda, housing Buddhist materials that the monk Xuanzang brought from India. Its construction （order） by Emperor Gaozong to promote Buddhism and facilitate（使…便利） the translation of Buddhist scriptures（佛经） Chinese.

Rising to a （high） of 64 meters, the square-shaped, thirteen-store y tower showcases the splendid craftsmanship of ancient Chinese craftsmen, each store y of exhibits unique architectural features, （reflect） the cultural influences of the time. Visitors can go up the internal staircase to the top for magnificent （view） of the city. Surrounding the pagoda, the serene gardens and the Da Ci'en Temple offer a peaceful retreat as well.

Whether it is for experiencing a piece of history exploring cultural wonders, Chang'an Tower is essential destination for those exploring China's vast historical landscape.

The first time I saw the real Santa, he drove a big, charcoal-colored truck, not a cherry red sleigh, in the August heat. He wasn't what I 1 at all.

My husband had lost his job early in July, and we'd been 2 expenses everywhere we could. He'd been looking for a job but 3 .

One afternoon, we were feeling particularly 4 so we decided to treat ourselves to a meal from McDonald's. Just a quick drive-through run, no big deal. When we got to the window to pay, the employee said our meal had been taken care of by the car 5 us. We attempted to keep the pay-it-forward chain going by offering to pay for the 6 for the car behind us. "No, that man just paid for everyone in line," said the employee. She 7 toward the truck that was slowly pulling away to 8 the parking lot. We had no choice but to get 9 with the fact that a stranger had just done something kind for us, and there was no way to repay it, pay it forward, etc.

I looked toward the truck and thought I could see the man's grin in the driver's side 10 . He 11 his hand out the window and gave a cheerful wave, and it 12 reminded me of the illustration of a Christmas poem where Santa was flying away into the night, gloved hand up in a goodbye wave.

It seemed like a little 13 that we'd be alright. My husband found a wonderful job shortly after that. We've gone on to do random acts of 14 for others, remembering the effect this free meal had on us that 15 day when Santa drove a truck and left with a big grin and a little wave.

Each fall, the flu emerges as a terrible force. Influenza viruses cause millions of illnesses and thousands of deaths in the United States each year. So it's necessary to know more about the flu viruses.

What's the difference between Type A and Type B?

Influenza A viruses come in many varieties. Four subtypes commonly affect humans. But many more influenza A viruses have been identified in animals, which makes it a potential source of pandemics whenever a new type of influenza A jumps to humans.  They are divided into just two lineages（谱系） that cause seasonal outbreaks.

What are symptoms of an influenza infection?

If you do get sick with the flu, you'll have common symptoms like fever, muscle aches and respiratory ailments. Most otherwise healthy people are sick for three to seven days. The flu can also trigger inflammatory（炎症反应） responses in the body and worsen existing chronic conditions like asthma or heart disease.

Some rapid tests available at doctors offices can distinguish between influenza A and B, although they tend to have low sensitivity. Doctors can also order more sensitive P. C. R. tests to identify the specific flu virus causing infection.

How do you treat influenza?

To treat the flu, we can take approved antiviral medications that are commonly used to shorten the duration and severity of illness. Stay hydrated, get plenty of rest and use over-the-counter medications to reduce fever as needed. But if you develop a sustained fever of 39℃, you have difficulty breathing or you experience severe chest or stomach pain, it is important to seek medical attention immediately. 

A．How do you get tested for influenza?

B．How do you know which type you have?

C．Influenza B viruses, however, only circulate in humans.

D．In some cases, the cough and fatigue can linger for two weeks.

E．These may be signs that you need a stronger influenza treatment.

F．There are two players every flu season: influenza Type A and Type B.

G．Public health officials recommend everyone six months and older get an annual flu shot.