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The measurement of blood pressure goes back almost three centuries, leading to the procedure that we all know and that our family doctor performs when we have checkups: A cuff (袖口) goes around our arm, which is first inflated (膨胀), and then deflated (放气), in a controlled manner, to determine our maximum and minimum blood pressure.

But the use of inflatable-cuff blood pressure monitors has some disadvantages. For one thing, unless people have home monitors, they must go to a chemistry shop, doctor's office or health center to learn what their blood pressure is. Another barrier is that repeated inflation and deflation of the cuff can cause difficulties when, for example, a patient is in the hospital and needs frequent blood pressure monitoring. And the last one is that since cuffs don't allow continuous measurement of blood pressure, they're only providing a measurement at a specific moment.

Today, a new generation of blood pressure devices have been developed and their aim is to make it easier to judge high blood pressure. Unlike traditional devices, they do without the arm cuff and offer blood pressure values on demand. Users just press their finger on a sensor on a watch and ring.

The various cuffless measuring devices are based on methods that, instead of directly determining blood pressure, use sensors to capture various indirect signals. These signals are processed by different sets of mathematical procedures to obtain the blood pressure values. It is like inferring fever by measuring an increase in heart beat and sweating instead of using a thermometer (体温表), or divining the result of a soccer match from outside the stadium by listening to the screams of the soccer fans.

The development of devices for measuring blood pressure without a blood pressure cuff is progressing rapidly, but that doesn't mean they are ready used to make diagnostic and treatment decisions. "The road to clinical application may be some day in the near future, but not now," Avolio says.

Under a midday summer sun in California's Sacramento Valley, rice farmer Peter Rystrom walks across a dusty and bare plot of land, dry soil crunching (碎裂) beneath each step. In a typical year, he'd be walking across green rice fields in inches of water. But today the soil is dry and baking in the 35℃ heat. It hasn't rained for 4 weeks in a row.

"Climate change is expected to worsen the state's extreme swings in rainfall," researchers reported in Nature Climate Change in 2018. Low water levels in rivers have forced farmers like Rystrom, whose family has been growing rice on this land for four generations, to reduce their water use.

"If we lose our rice crops, we have to deal with severe food crisis. Climate change is already threatening rice-growing regions around the world. This is not a future problem. This is happening now," says plant geneticist Pamela Ronald of the University of California, Davis, who identifies genes in rice that help the plant stand up to dryness, disease, flood, etc.

To save and even boost production, rice growers, engineers and researchers have turned to water-saving irrigation (灌溉) routines. Building canal systems and reservoirs (水库) can help farmers dampen their fields. But for some, the solution to rice's climate-related problems lies in enhancing the plant itself. They hold that establishing rice gene banks that store hundreds of thousands of rice varieties ready to be bred into new, dryness-tolerant varieties is more practical and effective. Solutions may be hidden in the DNA of those older breeds.

Three decades have passed since its initial development, and some researchers are looking beyond the genetic variability preserved in rice gene banks, searching instead for useful genes from other species, including plants and bacteria. But picking genes from one species and putting them into another, or genetic recombination, remains debatable. The most famous example of genetically changed rice is Golden Rice (GR). "Looking ahead, it will be crucial for countries to embrace GR rice. But it will take time," says Ismail, principal scientist at IRRI,

Chris Smith looked like any other young boy in his class: thick hair, a wide smile, and playing sports. By all appearances, life for Chris was the same as it was for a hundred other boys in the small town where he grew up, except for the constant evictions (驱赶), and eventually being homeless.

Chris' father was reckless (鲁莽的) with finances and dishonest in business. His mother tried her best to run the home until Chris' little brother drowned (溺亡), then his father went to prison, and finally the family fell apart.

"My mom shut down emotionally. Everything got worse," Chris remembers. Then she was gone and ran away from home without telling Chris. He did the best he could, sleeping on his newly married sister's sofa. "They didn't have much money, and I know it was a burden to take me in at 17 years old, I was going to drop out from high school and make it on my own."

But Chris' history teacher had different ideas. When Chris' study began to go down, she cornered him. "You're the smartest kid in the class," she told him. "If you don't graduate, you're going to regret it."

"School was my safe place," Chris says. School also offered him heat and food. It became the closest thing to home he could find, compared to his father's old truck that became his bed and his study space. He remembers his hair freezing onto the window in the winter.

When graduation came, Chris earned a full scholarship to college and graduated in the top 10 of his class. When it's time to apply for medical residencies, Chris set his sights high. He applied for residencies around the country and included the No. 1 program in the nation: Johns Hopkins. And then the letter came. Chris was in.

"I didn't really think I had a chance. But I had learned to give everything my best shot. Life is never fair. But if you don't give up, you will give yourself a better chance to make it," Chris says.

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I live in a small but lovely neighborhood. Our house is neither large nor luxurious, but it has a fairly big garden. My father loves his garden. He planted some seeds in it and took good care of the plants, watering them, applying fertilizer, weeding and getting rid of bugs. He was never tired of doing all that stuff. But at that time, I didn't understand why working in the dirt excited him so much.

Unfortunately, in the summer vacation before senior high school, my father was seriously injured in an accident. He had to stay in bed for a while. My mother had several business trips, so she couldn't take care of the garden. I didn't want my father to worry. I said that I would take care of his garden until he recovered. I assumed that the little plants would continue to grow as long as they had water, and luckily it rained fairly often, so I didn't think much about the garden.

One Saturday morning, my father said to me, "Christine, the vegetables should be about ready to be picked. Let's have a salad today!" I went out to the garden and was upset to see that many of the lettuce leaves and carrots had been half eaten by bugs. There were hundreds of bugs all over them!

I panicked for a moment but then I quietly went to the nearest supermarket to buy some vegetables. When I was making the salad, my mother came home and saw the bag from the supermarket in the kitchen. I was embarrassed and admitted, "Dad would like a salad, but the garden is a disaster. I don't want to disappoint him, so I went to the store and bought some vegetables." My mother smiled, saying, "Honey, you know what is the right thing to do."

 注意：1. 所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右；2. 续写部分分为两段每段的开头语已为你写好。

Paragraph 1:

My father seemed very pleased when I took the salad to him.

Paragraph 2:

Feeling guilty, I decided to do the right thing.

注意：1. 词数 80 左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Yours,

 Li Hua

"Six Degrees of Separation" refers the theory that any person on Earth can be connected to any other person through a chain of no more than five other people.

The theory was first mentioned in the 1920s by the Hungarian author Frigyes Karinthy discussed social networks. In the 1950s, an attempt (make) by two scientists to prove the (theory) idea. However, they were unsuccessful. In 1967, Stanley Milgram tried using a new method to test the theory. He (random) chose a sample of people in the middle of America (send) packages to a stranger. Amazingly, only took between five and seven people to get the parcels (deliver). It was this research that inspired the phrase "Six Degrees of Separation".

In the last few decades, the theory and the phrase have appeared again. Its name was used as the title of a play and then a film. In 2003, Columbia University tried to recreate Milgram's experiment on the Internet. In 2011, an experiment at the University of Milan analysed relationship between 721 million social media users and (find) that 92 percent were connected by only four stages, or five degrees of separation.

I never imagined that an interstate trip could be so exciting. But when your world has become smaller since the pandemic hit two-and-a-bit years ago, and then slowly1  , the most ordinary experience gives new 2  to life. And so it was with me when I was 3 given the chance to take my first flight in more than two years.

I'd forgotten how it felt to be among the people coming and going. I got to the airport two hours before boarding. Time for the bar and, of course,4 .

That group of young Arab women laughing and posing for photographs by the expansive windows, aircraft in the5 , lighting up the place with their happiness.

The man in the corner drinking alone. Just another one of the 70,000 or so stories that would pass through the airport6 .

I couldn't be calmer as a flyer. But when the plane took off I was7 , in that moment of weightlessness as the wheels 8 Earth, leaning towards the window to watch everything below becoming smaller and smaller.

Is it possible that the denial of so much during the pandemic lockdown had added new 9 to what was the ordinary? I think so. The plane ride, the hotel stay, and the social occasion all now gave me a sense of10 that might have previously only aroused in me nothing more than a certain nonchalance(若无其事) or even11 .

Last June, just ahead of the long Sydney lockdown, a friend12 a birthday party. That experience for me would continue happily through some of the13 months of the lockdown that would follow.14 the repeated fear that the pandemic holds over us, the memory of that celebration still keeps its bright, warm light in my mind. That's what happens when everything old is new again, when 15 is rediscovered as a virtue.

Some speaking activities do not give an exact picture of your true language skill. But storytelling does. Storytelling is the retelling of a story. It can be a short piece of invented story; or it can be the retelling of a news event. Or you can talk about something that happened in your own life.On the other hand, an activity requiring your opinion can slow you down.

For the storytelling activity, try to provide as much information as possible and aim for a recording of three minutes or fewer. Don't just say, "I studied at the library." Say, "

And most of the seats were taken, so I looked around and finally found a place, but it was near the window. It was cold, so I had to keep my coat on," or something like that.

Instead, it is to speak at a faster speed because you do not have to stop and think of each idea separately. Before the activity, you'd better speak out loud to yourself a few times to make sure you have your main points in mind.

When listening to the recording, do not expect to find all or even most grammar or vocabulary mistakes.  After the first recording, record yourself telling the same story at least once more and take note of your progress. But avoid memorizing your speech.

A.Put your speech into written or typed form.

B.The goal of giving such information is not to fill the time.

C.I walked into the library and thought about where I should sit.

D.That is because it forces you to think about your ideas as you say them.

E.Choose a place that you know well, like your home or a nearby bus station.

F.But you can easily find some mistakes, such as wrong verb and noun endings.

G.Storytelling frees you from forming complex ideas and lets you speak easily in English .

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released a report. It stated that the world is quickly running out of time to keep global warming below 1.5 degrees Celsius, the level widely agreed to be the conservative, safety-first goal to prevent serious climate harm. To get there, the world would have to cut current emissions(排放物) by 45 percent by 2030. That sounds absurdly unlikely.

But before we give in to despair, we should remember that the technology to address climate change is going along at high speed. The largest source of US carbon emissions is transportation, and a Green New Deal program for motor vehicles would be quite straightforward.

The reason is simple: With some subsidies( 补 贴 ), electric cars and buses are cost- competitive with fossil-fuel vehicles. Electric buses have gone into the market at the greatest speed, because they are a logical choice for electrification. At the end of 2018, electric vehicles were displacing about 280,000 barrels of oil demand per day. That's more than the whole consumption of Greece.

And the electric car market is also reaching maturity, with appealing designs, longer range, and a quickly-expanding rapid charging network in many countries. It's worth emphasizing that most of the basic systems necessary to recharge electric vehicles already exist. People often tend to assume that we would need to replace every gas station, but virtually all homes and businesses already have an electrical connection which can be easily improved for fast charging. All that is needed to go fully electric is enough battery capacity and fast charging stations to deal with long trips.

Now America would have to repair its electricity production, rails, shipping, and so on to fully decarbonize ( 脱碳) the transportation sector. It will be considerably more difficult than simply rooting out fossil fuel vehicles from the market.

But greening America's vehicles would be straightforward, relatively cheap, and a huge step forward on climate. The politics of climate change are so fearful that despair can seem logical, but the first step in achieving a tough goal is the firm belief that it can be done. And this particular step wouldn't even be that tough.