相关试卷

What's more important in determining life success—book smarts or street smarts？This question gets at the heart of an important debate contrasting the relative importance of cognitive(认知) intelligence(CI) and emotional intelligence(EI).

Cognitive intelligence is still recognized as an important element of success, particularly when it comes to academic achievements. People with high cognitive intelligence typically do well in school, often earn more money, and tend to be healthier in general. 

But today experts recognize that cognitive intelligence is not the only determining factor of life success. Instead, it is part of a complex range of influences—one that includes emotional intelligence. Many companies now provide emotional intelligence training and use emotional intelligence tests as part of the hiring process. Research has found that individuals with strong leadership potential also tend to be more emotionally intelligent, suggesting that high emotional intelligence is an important quality for business leaders and managers. According to a survey of hiring managers, almost 75% of the responders suggested that they valued an employee's emotional intelligence more than his cognitive intelligence.

Now that emotional intelligence is so important, can it be taught or strengthened？According to one meta-analysis that looked at the results of social and emotional learning programs, the answer to that question is definitely yes. Strategies for teaching emotional intelligence include character education modeling positive behavior, encouraging people to think about how others are feeling, and finding ways to be more empathetic(有同理心的) toward others. 

All in all, life success is a result of many factors. Both cognitive intelligence and emotional intelligence play roles in overall success,  as well as health, wellness, and happiness. Rather than focusing on which factors have a prior influence, the greatest benefit may lie in learning to improve skills in multiple areas. In addition to strengthening cognitive abilities, such as memory and mental focus, you can also acquire and improve social and emotional skills. 

Everything you know is in your brain. For what you don't, you can ask the web. However, as you can imagine, in the past there were no computers and no web at all. Think about people living 3, 500 years ago, in places where pyramids towered above them. The lack of explanations about how things worked inspired the ancients to make discoveries and feed their curiosity.

But do not think they knew nothing：In fact, we still wonder how the Egyptians could build the pyramids using their own, rather rudimentary equipment. They wrote down their knowledge on books(called papyrus scrolls) so that later people could benefit from their skills. 

Living safer and healthier was a top priority for the ancients：When they hurt their heads in battles, they used to heal their wounds using the cures, some of which were recorded on a papyrus now known as the Edwin Smith Papyrus. Interestingly, this is the oldest written evidence of the word "brain"we have on Earth, and it dates back to 3, 500 years ago!

However, writing the word "brain"on a papyrus did not solve all the questions about it. Around 2, 500 years ago, for example, ancient Greeks wondered whether mind and soul lay in the brain or in the heart.

2, 000 years ago, Roman physician Galen of Pergamon was sure he had solved the question：It was the brain, not the heart, that was the center of mental life. However, Galen had to convince the people around him that what he had discovered was true. It was not easy, mostly because people held their earlier beliefs. Every neuroscientist, just like Galen did, has to carefully observe reality, focus on something that is really interesting, think about how it can work, perform experiments, and discuss the data they get. This way, they can obtain convincing evidence to be shared with others. 

Tina Leverton was 62 when she bought her first pair of ballet shoes. She said putting her feet into the soft leather was very emotional. She said, "I've waited a long time for it. "

A few days later, Leverton took her first ballet class after seeing an advertisement in a newspaper. It showed older women dancing in a class near Leverton's house. "As I came in the door, I found a big smile on my face. From the minute I started, I felt like coming home. "

Leverton had longed to dance as a child. Sadly, her parents couldn't afford ballet classes, for they were first-generation Indian immigrants, struggling to make a living in the UK. Her father was a train driver on the underground in London and her mother held two cleaning jobs. Nonetheless, she harboured her dream of being a ballerina(芭蕾舞女演员).

At her present age, a grand plie—lowering to the floor with bent knees—seemed to be out of the question. It took her three months to master the move: leaping and landing on one foot. "I love the struggle and the challenge of learning something new. People in their 60s have a lot of self-limiting beliefs：‘I can't do it, ' ‘I'm not good enough. ' And maybe they're not good enough. But it doesn't matter, "she said.

Ballet has been transformative. At a medical appointment a few months after Leverton's first class, a nurse measured her at 163cm, half an inch taller than she had thought. She attributes(归因) the difference to improved posture. Her muscle tone has improved and her lower back pain has stopped. Dancing has also brought new friends. She met a group of older, more independent women and worked together towards a team award with the Royal Academy of Dance. And then, of course, there is the joyful feeling. "Ballet is all the therapy(治疗) I'll ever need, "said Leverton.

It may come as a surprise that the fashion industry is one of the most polluting industries in the world, especially when it comes to carbon emissions and water usage.  Clothing production releases 10% of worldwide carbon emissions. Although cotton is often offered as a more sustainable material, one cotton shirt requires 2, 700 liters of water to make, which is enough for one person to drink eight cups per day for 2. 5 years. 

However, it's undeniable that sustainable companies like Reformation and Organic Basics are out of most people's price ranges. Fast-fashion clothing companies have the advantage of low prices, and when it comes down to it, most people will choose low prices over sustainability. So, how can people buy sustainable clothing when it's not affordable?

Actually, there are other ways to practice sustainable habits. Of course, the best way to limit waste is to not buy any new clothes. For example, saving up to buy more sustainable clothes and then wearing them for many years is healthier for the environment and your wallet. Then you can combine them with your statement pieces to get a variety of new outfits that still feel stylish and don't generate waste. Certainly, buying second-hand clothing is also a great option.

With ever-changing fashion trends moving at breakneck speed, consumers are easily persuaded into buying the latest designs to stay stylish and sustainable. Honestly, it's unnecessary. Wearing what makes you feel confident will make you look good, and the Earth will thank you for your efforts.

A. The reality is frightening. 

B. However, trend is hard to keep up. 

C. They have no choice but to follow suit. 

D. They can't, and moreover, they don't have to.

E. A similar resolution is to own some basic pieces. 

F. Sustainable fashion has been on the rise in recent years. 

G. Industrial development is pursued at the price of pollution. 

People who regularly sleep for six hours or less each night in middle age are more likely to develop dementia(痴呆) than those who routinely manage seven hours, according to a major study into the disease. 

Researchers found a 30% greater risk of dementia in those who during their 50s, 60s and 70s consistently had a short night's sleep, regardless of other risk factors such as heart condition and poor mental health.

Sabia, an author of the study at the university of Paris, and her colleagues analyzed survey data from University College London's Whitehall study, which launched in 1985 and followed the health and lifestyles of more than 10, 000 British volunteers. The French team focused on nearly 8, 000 participants who self-reported their sleep patterns.

During 25 years of follow-up, 521 participants developed dementia, with most diagnosed in their late 70s. Writing in Nature Communications, the scientists described how those who routinely got six hours of sleep or less each night in their 50s and 60s were 30% more likely to develop dementia than those who typically managed seven hours. 

The study does not prove that sleeping too little causes dementia, since sleep loss itself may be one of the earliest symptoms of the disease. But some scientists believe the results strengthen evidence that continuous poor sleep may at least contribute to the disease. 

The first pathological changes that lead to dementia occur one to two decades before the disease becomes obvious, as sticky proteins called amyloid build up in the brain. When the 1985 Whitehall study first assessed the sleep of volunteers who later developed dementia, this process had probably not started. This meant that if they were sleeping too little, it was unlikely to have been caused by dementia-related brain changes. 

"It strengthens the evidence that poor sleep in middle age could cause or worsen dementia in later life, "said Dr. Liz Coulthard, a consultant senior lecturer in dementia neurology(神经病学). "It makes sense to take measures to improve sleep such as going outside during daylight hours to help maintain the natural rhythms that promote good sleep, avoiding too much alcohol or caffeine, particularly before bed, and finding a bedtime routine that works for you. "

You improve your robot's software by improving its software. Agrim Gupta of Stanford University, however, begs to differ. He thinks you can also improve a robot's software by improving its hardware. He and his colleagues have invented a way of testing this idea.

They brought to their robots, unimals, the principles of evolution(进化) by natural selection. Unimals, with globes for heads and sticks for arms and legs, are software beings interacting with a virtual environment. The environments where they wandered were in three varieties: flat grounds, grounds with hills and steps, and ones that had the complexities of the second sort, but with added objects. 

To begin with, the unimals were randomly assigned various shapes, but with identical software—derl. Newly-created unimals learned to face the challenges in a virtual boot camp. They were then entered into tournaments in groups. Each group winner was awarded one mutation(变异)—one extra arm or leg, or one extra turning in a joint. The new replaced the oldest unimal and then was assigned to a new group, and the process repeated. About 4, 000 varieties of them underwent training. 

The team were surprised by the diversity of shapes that evolved. Crucially, though, the researchers found the most successful unimals learned tasks in half the time their oldest ancestors had taken, and that those evolving in the toughest grounds were the most successful. 

In this evolution of unimals'morphology(形态) to promote the ability to learn, Dr Gupta sees a version of something called the Baldwin effect. In 1896 James Baldwin, a psychologist, argued that minds evolve to make the best use of the morphologies of the bodies. What Dr Gupta has shown, though in software, is that the opposite can also be true—changes in body morphology can improve the way minds work. Even though he held the software constant, it became more efficient at learning as the unimals'bodies evolved.

Whether that discovery can be turned to account in the way robots are developed remains to be seen. But the way of testing is certainly an out-of-the-box idea. 

It was an early blow to my self-confidence. I was attending my first group meeting in the lab as a postdoc, and I was pleased that I could follow most of the discussion. Then, in front of everyone, the professor turned to me and asked about my previous accomplishments. I froze. As a PhD student, I had achieved lots to be proud of. But all of those were in my home country of Brazil. Now I was in Washington, DC and I didn't know what the word "accomplishment"meant. So all I could say was "I don't know".

I had decided to do a postdoc abroad because I thought the training would help me secure a teaching position. I applied for and received a Brazilian government fellowship to spend 18 months working abroad and got a position in a lab. It all seemed so easy—until I actually started. 

In a new country, I struggled. After the mortifying lab meeting incident, my confidence took another hit. The paper I intended to publish did not materialize. I used to be invited to give talks. Now, I was asked to speak more slowly because of my accent. My confidence was destroyed. 

After months of self-doubt, I reminded myself that I had potential. I needed to do something to regain my confidence. I thought a change of environment might be what I needed. So I made the move. 

In another new lab, I still felt insecure. However, I was determined to make the most of the time I had. There were more opportunities to interact with others, which forced me to talk more. It was awful at first, but with practice I began to feel more confident in my English. I proposed new projects. I began to receive positive feedback on my presentations. 

My confidence is back. I feel a little like Wonder Woman. She was a strong soldier in her homeland. When she left, she experienced obstacles and failures only to become even stronger than before. 

注意：
1. 词数100 左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

提示词：健康美食日 Healthy Food Day

Dear Jim,

Yours,

Li Hua

THE GROWING PROBLEM OF E-WASTE

The term e-waste is short for "electronic waste". It refers to electrical or electronic products that are thrown away when they are no longer needed. These include computers, televisions, ovens, and basically anything else that runs on batteries or has an electrical cord.

E-waste has been a problem since the 1970s because of how difficult it is to separate things like metal and plastic from various products. Also, many electronics contain toxic materials that can pollute the environment if left in landfills. Over the past few decades, the problem of e-waste has only increased along with advancements in technology. 

E-waste is now the fastest-growing waste stream around the world. The total amount of e-waste created every year is expected to reach 74 million tons by the year 2030. Currently, it's estimated that only about 17 percent of global e-waste is properly recycled. However, the United Nations hopes to bring that number up to 30 percent by the end of 2023. 

With more people using smartphones and computers every year, the problem of e-waste cannot be ignored. To increase the recycling rate of e-waste items, cities should consider adding special collection boxes at grocery stores or government offices. There should also be delivery or pick-up services for e-waste items. That way, these items can be sent directly to people who are able to properly take them apart and recover their useful components. 

Despite current difficulties, e-waste has great recycling potential. In addition to the items thrown away, lots of people keep old devices that aren't used anymore. As a whole, they add up to a lot of metals and minerals that can, and should, be recycled. If these components are recycled to make new products, there would be less of a need to dig for more around the world.

So, if you must replace your phone or computer, try returning the device to the manufacturer or dropping it off at an e-waste processing facility if there is one nearby. 

Do you feel like you can remember things better when you actively engage with the information and create your own version of it?  This phenomenon has important implications when it comes to understanding how people learn. 

Tests on the generation effect show that when users encounter a list of words presented in the form of fragments (片段), they will engage several areas of the brain to create words to fill in the blanks.  Researchers believe this is because of the deeper level of cognitive (认知的) engagement involved in the process of creating new words. 

Teachers and instructors need to be aware of the role the generation effect can play in the classroom. Students who just receive written material they can read may not understand it as fully as students who engage with it by taking notes, completing writing exercises, and so forth.  Rather than giving students a list of correctly spelled words and asking them to memorize it, the teacher can ask students to complete worksheets where they must fill in blanks to spell the words. 

 If a student simply reads a textbook, he/she will not absorb the information as well as when he/she takes notes and recreates charts and other materials presented in the book. Students preparing for an examination may find it helpful to write out material from the text, rephrasing in their own words as appropriate to make sure they fully understand the material. 

In a word, it all boils down to active learning versus passive learning. Spending a few minutes actively producing content may just be the thing you were missing in your learning routine. 

A. That's called the Generation Effect.

B. For students, the generation effect can also be important. 

C. When they are asked to repeat the list later, their recall will be better. 

D. A common example of the generation effect can be seen in spelling lessons for young students. 

E. The simple act of writing can trigger(激发) the generation effect and help the students perform better on examinations. 

F. They will find that actively using new information may create relationships between tasks in examinations. 

G. The process of generating content may initiate some particular encoding (编码) processes that do not happen when simply reading. 

Overly technical language in science articles doesn't just muddy the waters for non-experts—it can alienate readers, potentially shutting them out from scientific discussion and knowledge. That's the conclusion of a study published in the Journal of Language and Social Psychology, and it applies to general-interest articles just as much as to scientific papers.

"When we have a hard time conceptualizing information, we become really scared of it," says lead author Hillary Shulman, a communication researcher. Scientists can create "unnecessary barriers" with words, she says. The study involved 650 members of the general public who read paragraphs on three cutting-edge topics: self-driving cars, robotic surgery and 3D bio-printing. The members are divided into two groups: for the experimental group, the paragraphs were loaded with jargon terms (行业术语), such as "remote ergonomic console"; for the control group, the paragraphs were written with words that are familiar to most readers, such as "separate control panel".

After reading the passages, the study participants rated their experience in a series of questionnaires. Those who read jargon-filled paragraphs were more likely to say that they had difficulty understanding the language and the information. They were also significantly more likely to say that they weren't good at science, and less likely to say that they would seek out information on the topic in the future. Some of the participants who read the jargon- heavy text received links to definitions of technical terms, but that didn't reduce their frustrations or enhance their feelings of understanding.

Scientists can learn to cut back on their use of technical language when talking to people who are not researchers, says Ayelet Baram-Tsabari, a science-communication researcher. She co-authored a January study showing that scientists with media training can write articles that are just as engaging as pieces written by professional journalists. "Avoiding jargon is a fundamental part of that, but it's not the whole story," she says. To really connect with the public, she recommends that scientists tell a story that's relevant to the audience. Members of the public aren't the only ones who can be turned off by jargon, Shulman says. Students can be, too. "I teach a class with 400 undergrads," she says. "When you're training people, you can introduce jargon with a little more sensitivity. You're trying to invite them into the environment. "

Of course, technical words still have an important function in science. Shulman's paper is itself heavily loaded with terms such as "metacognition" and "self-schema". "The irony of that is not lost on me," she says. "When it comes to scientific literature, you can't get anything published unless it's full of jargon. Scientists want to speak to other scientists in the most precise way possible. "

In the middle of San Francisco's Golden Gate Park, Amanda Barrows carefully placed a wooden nightstand(床头柜) on the ground. She attached a sign reading, "Take a poem, leave a poem. "

"It's completely unexpected," said Barrows, a park ranger (管理员) by day and a poet by night. "I'm really taken aback by the outpouring of support. "

Barrows has always considered herself a writer, so she enrolled in a class called Poetry for the People. The final project of the class is to find a way to "bring poetry into the community".

At first, Barrows struggled to land on an idea. Eventually, she realized that she could fuse her love for parks and her love for poetry. A coworker gave Barrows a weathered nightstand. She thought it would be the perfect tool for her project. 

She filled the drawer at the top with fresh paper and pens and added a box at the bottom for poems. To get the ball rolling, she asked her close friends to add their favorite poems to the drawer for people to take away. 

The poetry nightstand reminded her of Little Free Libraries. That project features bookstands stationed across the city. People can leave and take books from little libraries. She only had a single nightstand to work with, so Barrows decided that she would leave it in a park for four days before moving it to a new location. San Francisco's Recreation and Park Department manages about 220 parks, and Barrow's goal is to bring the poetry nightstand to all of them.

Since the project started, people have added a wide range of writing. Barrows shares most of the submissions on social media. Some are clearly composed by kids, while others are more refined. People have also written poems in various languages. "I love to see different people's handwriting and share their personal words," Barrows said.

The instructors of Poetry for the People said the nightstand fulfilled the main purpose of the project. Other students in the class wrote poetry on sidewalks with chalk. Another gave out poems disguised as parking tickets. Tanea Lunsford Lynx, a guest instructor for the class, says the project is "an invitation to slow down". She believes that the old-fashioned nightstand stands out in a city that is filled with new technology.

Barrows says she intends to "keep this going indefinitely," and she hopes others will build off the project and contribute their own creativity. "It really is a community project," Barrows said. "It belongs to all of us. "

Have you ever fantasized about how easy life would be with a personal assistant taking care of all the "little details"? Nowadays, you can get lots of the advantages of an AI assistant right on your phone or computer. Using any of these apps will help you improve your efficiency and productivity with a single click—whether you are at work or at college, or anything else in between. So go forth and download the best AI assistants:

It is essential from dominating a teenager's life.

These pictures  ink wash animation films. Have you seen any of them before?

The policeman asked the climbers  SOS messages when in danger. 

America's most popular Chinese dish is General Tao's chicken, fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce, flavoured with hot red peppers.

Construction of the Tower of Pisa began in 1173  Pisa was a center of power and wealth. But work was stopped several times because of wars. The eight-story tower was not completed until the late 1200s. The tower itself is made of marble (大理石) and  (weigh) 16,000 tons. However, the leaning of the tower was not for its weights  for the soil underneath. The ground is  (soft) on one side than on the other. The south side has sunk 6. 1 feet below ground level in the past centuries. The north side has sunk 12. 3 feet!

Dean Schneider leaves his life in Switzerland behind and goes to Africa (pursue) his passion and make the world a better place. He was always fascinated by the animal world since he was a child. That is he decided to form a club to help lions born in captivity (圈养). The name of the club is "Hakuna Mipaka"—a Swahili expression meaning "no limits". It develops from five core values that Dean tries hard to follow: (free), loyalty, appreciation, brotherhood, and boldness.

In 2013, a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear that (find) on Norway's Arctic island of Svalbard, far from its habitat. All that remained of the poor bear were "skin and bones". Experts claimed that low sea ice levels (cause) by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before, so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food. This (alarm) case showed how the increase in temperature had an impact on Earth's ecology.