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How to Deal with a Colleague who Keeps Challenging Your Views

It can be difficult to develop an environment of teamwork when you continually run up against a colleague who challenges your views. . This will ensure you respect one another, even when you disagree.

• Handle unnecessary confrontation(对峙).

If a co-worker habitually challenges your ideas in a group discussion in a confrontational manner, don't engage him or get into an argument. Pause for a moment, look the colleague in the eye. . This will force the co-worker to either repeat his comment in front of everyone with the same level of confrontation, or soften his approach.

• .

There's a time and place for everything, including professional disagreements. If a colleague interrupts you or talks over you in an effort to contradict your point or insert (插入) his own opinion, gently remind him that you still have the floor. If the colleague is challenging something you say before you have a chance to address the point, note that as well.

• Agree to respect each other.

. Constructive debate and brainstorming can strengthen the overall performance of the entire team. Speak to your colleague at a time when you are emotionally stable. For example, you might say, "Can we agree to a respectful and civil way to discuss matters when it's clear there's no one ‘right' answer?"

• Prepare rebuttals (反驳).

If a particular colleague has a long history of disagreeing with you, you might be able to anticipate his arguments or objections. Prepare rebuttals to address anything your colleague might throw at you. . It also strengthens your points without being confrontational, and allows you to give him credit for his constructive comments when necessary.

A. Hold your ground.

B. Ask for peace-making.

C. This will help you support your own arguments.

D. And ask him in a calm voice to repeat what he said.

E. Here are the ways to deal with colleagues of this kind.

F. Just find ways to make peace and communicate with your colleague.

G. The bottom line is, colleagues are not going to agree with each other all the time.

A little brain stimulation at night appears to help people remember what they learned the previous day, a study of 18 severe epilepsy (癫澜) patients has found.

During sleep, brain cells fire in rhythmic patterns. When two brain areas synchronize (同步) their firing patterns, they are able to communicate. During non-rapid eye movement sleep, the hippocampus, found deep in the brain, synchronizes its activity with the prefrontal cortex, which lies just behind the forehead. This helps transform memories from the day into memories that can last a lifetime.

Dr. Itzhak Fried at the University of California and his team gathered 18 epilepsy patients who already had electrodes (电极) in their brains for medical evaluation. This offered the scientists a way to both monitor and change a person's brain rhythms. They used a "celebrity pet" test in which participants were shown images matching a particular celebrity with a specific animal. The goal was to remember which animal went with which celebrity.

Patients saw the images before going to bed. While sleeping, some of them got tiny electrical stimulation through the wires in their brains. In patients who got the stimulation, rhythms in the two brain areas became more synchronized. And when they woke up they scored higher on the test.

The experiment was based on decades of research done by scientists, including Dr. György Buzsáki, a neuroscientist at New York University. But changing rhythms in healthy peoples' brains might not improve their memory, he says, because those communication channels are already in perfect condition. The epilepsy patients may have improved because they started out with sleep and memory problems caused by both the disorder and the drugs used to treat it.

Even so, he says, the approach has the potential to help millions of people with damaged memory. And brain rhythms probably play parts in many other problems. "They are not specific to memory. They are doing a lot of other things," Buzsáki says, like regulating mood and emotion.

After being driven to near extinction, wolves are back in Washington state.

Wolf 32M, called The Old Guy by wolf specialist Ben Maletzke, lived some 12 years as the patriarch (族长) of the Teanaway Pack, kicking off the recovery of wolves in Washington. The pack's territory was roasted by wildfire in 2014. But wolf 32M and his family remained in existence, bringing the call of the wild back for the first time in a century. These wolves are what Maletzke calls stepping stones in recovery — the animals that could help lead the way to new territory not yet repopulated by wolves.

Wolves spread to new territory to find mates and begin packs of their own. It is this pack dynamic that wildlife biologists are counting on, in time, to urge wolves into areas where they do not presently live. "We just need a couple to pick up and go," Maletzke says.

All along, the Teanaway pack has stayed mostly out of trouble probably, helped by a lot of range riding (牧区巡逻) intended to help reduce conflicts over wolf recovery by keeping wolves away from cattle. "He is an example of wolves living and doing what they do, even around people," Maletzke says of wolf 32M.

Story Warren, a student at the University of Montana, was just a girl when she first saw 32M's tracks in the Teanaway River Valley — an exciting encounter that helped generate a serious interest in wildlife that now fuels her studies. To her, the return of the wolf is about more than the species; it is about recovering something even bigger: hope.

"Growing up in my generation, there is so much bad ecological news, a lot of hopelessness about climate change and loss of biodiversity and extinctions," Warren says, "To have something as wild as wolves coming back to Washington is very encouraging for me — just to know such an amazing and powerful creature exists."

Thomas Hardy was born at Higher Bockhampton, Dorset, on June 2, 1840, where his father worked as a builder. From his father he gained an appreciation of music, and from his mother an appetite for learning and the delights of the countryside about his rural home.

Due to his poor health, Hardy did not start school until he was eight. At 16, Hardy helped his father with architectural drawings and then started to work for architects. Later he moved to London and began writing poems, but his works were rejected by publishers. In 1870, he was sent to work in Cornwall. There he met his future wife Emma Gifford, who encouraged him in his writing.

Hardy published his first novel Desperate Remedies in 1871, to universal disinterest. But the following year Under the Greenwood Tree brought Hardy popular praise for the first time. As with most of his fictional works, this novel incorporated real places around Dorset into the plot, including the village school that Hardy attended. After Under the Greenwood Tree came a serialized novel A Pair of Blue Eves. Once more Hardy drew upon real life, and the novel mirrors his romance with Emma.

Hardy followed this with Far From the Madding Crowd, set in Puddletown, near his birthplace. This novel finally netted Hardy the success that enabled him to give up his architectural practice and concentrate only on writing.

The Hardys lived in London for a short time, then in Yeovil, then in Sturminster Newton, which Hardy described as "idyllic (田园诗般的)". It was at Sturminster Newton that he penned Return of the Native, one of his most enduring (持久的) works.

In 1887, Hardy published The Woodlander, a story concerning an honest woodsman in a small village. Then in 1891 one of his best works, Tess of the d'Urbervilles, came out, which was set primarily in the English countryside during the 19th century.

Tess excited interest, but his next work, Jude the Obscure (1896), threw Hardy into a storm of controversy (争议), which made him turn away from fiction and focused on poetry for the rest of his life.

Louis Pasteur once said, "Chance favors the prepared mind." That's the truth behind the following inventions — the scientists were prepared and were able to see the magic in a mistake.

Mauve

In 1856, William Perkin was trying to come up with an artificial medicine, but his experiments produced a thick mess. But the more Perkin looked at it, the more he saw a beautiful color in his mess. Turns out he had made mauve, the first-ever synthetic dye (合成染料), which was far better than any natural dyes: the color was brighter, clearer, and didn't fade or wash out.

Superglue

This super-sticky substance was discovered by accident — twice! Chemist Harry Coover had been attempting to make clear plastic gun sights, and in 1942 one method he tested produced an extremely quick bonding adhesive (黏合剂). It was useless for his gun sights, though, and he forgot about it until almost ten years later, when he came across it again while developing heat-resistant parts for airplanes. This time he realised its potential, and the product was put on the market.

Plastic

In 1907, shellac (虫胶) was used in electronics. It was costly, so American chemist Leo Hendrik Baekeland tried to produce an alternative. Instead, his experiments produced a material that could take high temperatures. He later developed it into plastic, and it was soon used in the production of almost everything.

Teflon

Back in the 1930s, Young DuPont chemist Roy Plunkett was working to make a new kind of CFC for refrigeration. After storing the gas in certain containers, he opened one to discover that it had changed into a white powder that was extremely sticky and had a very high melting point. Three years later, the substance, which was named Teflon, was patented.

 内容要点：1. 加入方式；2. 活动内容；3. 活动效果.  

 注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯.  

 Dear Peter,  

 How is every thing going？ 

 Yours sincerely,  

 Li Hua 

 Silk is mainly produced in the south of the Yangtze River Delta. The people （live ）in the region were the inventors of silk fabric, and no other culture discovered this process independently. The history of silk making （begin）6, 000 years ago, and the earliest example of silk fabric  has been discovered dates from 3630 BC in Henan. Silk cloth producing process was well advanced during the Shang Dynasty（1600-1046 BC）era.  

 China produces about 150, 000 tons （annual）. This is much more than the rest of the world. Only India has a comparably large industry that produces about 30, 000 tons.  

 It is thought that silk （export）along the Silk Road routes about 400 BC ago. But after that, the （variety）kingdoms kept secret the methods of silk （produce）for another thousand years. It might have been one of the most energetically guarded secretes in history. Anyone （find）secretly carrying silkworm eggs, or mulberry（桑树）seeds was put death.  

 Silk garments were worn by emperors and royalty. It was a status symbol, common people were prohibited from wearing silk. Silk was also used for a number of other applications including luxury writing material.  

 Courtesy（礼貌）wasn't really optional in my childhood home. I grew up with two sisters just older than me. If I wasn't 1  to them, they would strike me hard.  

 Kathy, my youngest sister, was crazy about my 2 habits. Whenever we traveled and Dad bought 3 for us to have on the way, Kathy would 4 wait until I had hungrily wolfed mine down 5 she would start eating her burger slowly and happily. She said it was 6 . Wanda Lynne, on the other hand, was 7 to make me a courteous gentleman. Never mind that I was still years away from actually 8 . Wanda Lynne wanted to make sure I would treat the girls I dated better than the boys she was dating were treating her. So she made me9 doors for her every day and 10 me to walk on the inside closest to the road. She said it was courteous for me to do this.  

 Years later I went away to 11 , and I remembered the things my 12 had taught me. One day in the university library, I 13 an older woman walking behind me, and I held the 14 open for her. "What's the matter？" she asked, glaring at me. "Do you think that because I'm a woman, I'm not 15 enough to open a door for myself？" She rolled her 16 and shook her head. "Freshman, " she whispered,17  past me. I decided that there would be no more door opening or chair holding or closest-to-the-traffic walking for me.  

 As I stood there, however, another upperclassman 18 the library door, her arms overloaded with textbooks. Instinctively I reached to open the door for her. "Thanks!" she said 19 . "It's nice to see we still have a few gentlemen around here!"  

 Three years later I met a beautiful freshman who actually20 my courtesy to her, and for 35 years we've been trying to out-nice each other.  

 Moving abroad, whether you are teaching, studying, volunteering or just traveling for a long period of time, is complicated.  Before you start working abroad, consider the following homesickness reduction techniques, so that you'll be able to enjoy your adventure.  

 Make Your New Home a Home  

 You can't bring your entire room from home abroad with you, but you can find ways to make your new space feel more like home. Spend a little time and money making your home a place you're excited to come back to every day. 

 Host a Cooking Class or Exchange  

 Food is one of the biggest causes of homesickness for almost everyone living abroad. Combine a taste of home with a social exchange by teaching your host family how to cook a dish you especially like. It's two for-one. .  

 Send Gifts Back Home  

 Staying connected to your family and friends back home is important. Consider giving gifts from your new country and sending them back home.Also you can share your experiences abroad with your friends and family back home.  

 Schedule Some "Me" Time  

 It's not a good idea to hide from your problems, but 30 minutes of pure alone time in a calming environment can be very helpful. Try to find an empty room-even if you're living in student housing or with a family-diam the lights, close your eyes, and just breathe deeply and relax. 

 A. Taking this type of break can be very calming.  

 B. Moving abroad isn't an excuse to eat fried food three times a day.  

 C. One of the most significant challenges that you face is homesickness.  

 D. Little actions can go a long way toward creating a more comfortable space.  

 E. Lots of things change when you move abroad, but not everything has to change.  

 F. This will give your days a fun purpose, keep you connected to those who are important to you.  

 G. You get to eat delicious food, plus it's an opportunity to spend some quality time with new friends! 

 Google's self-driving car is designed to work without a gas pedal（踏板）or steering wheel（方向盘）. Now, the company has confirmed that the car doesn't have any windscreen wipers either, because there's no need for passengers to see where they are being driven.  

 The car requires no input from a driver, other than telling it the destination. There is no driving in the way we know it and all people inside the cars will be passengers who can spend their time paying no attention to the road. While the car may not need windscreen wipers, the lack of them may make passengers feel helpless if they are unable to see where they are going clearly.  

 Google's two-seater "bubble" cars have buttons to begin and end the drive, but no other controls. An on-board computer uses data from sensors, including radar（雷达）and cameras, to make turns and navigate its way around pedestrians and other vehicles. Under the vision made public by Google, passengers might set their destination by typing it into a map or using commands. The new car can't go faster than 25 miles per hour（40 km/h）. It is electric and has to be recharged after 80 miles（129 km）. They can only be used in areas that have been thoroughly mapped by Google.  

 Google has been testing its self-driving cars since 2009 and its steering wheel-less sample since early this summer. It intends on making its driverless cars available to consumers in the next five years. The ultimate goal of the project is computer-controlled cars that can get rid of human error, which results in about 90 percent of the 1. 2 million road deaths that occur worldwide each year and it was also inspiring to start with a blank sheet of paper.