江西省2018届高三毕业班英语新课程教学质量监测试卷

    There are too many fat people in America, so many Americans are fighting against overweight. But the 1thing is that the French, who consume rich food2to stay thin. Now a3by Cornell University suggests 4life style and decisions about 5may affect weight. Researchers concluded that the French tend to stop eating when they feel6. However, Americans tend to stop when their 7are empty or their favorite TV show is over.

    According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a 8expert, the French see eating 9an important part of their life style. They enjoy food and therefore spend a 10time at the table, while Americans see eating as 11to be squeezed between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans 12the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have13.In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and14foods for the week. The French15tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers' markets where they have a 16of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as high-quality meats for each meal.

    After a visit to the United States, Mireille Guiliano, author of French Women Don't Get fat, decided to17about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid18. Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym.

    In spite of all these differences, evidence shows that recent life style 19may be affecting French eating habits. Today the rate of obesity(肥胖)—or extreme overweight—among adults is only 6%. However, as American fast food gains 20and the young reject older traditions, the obesity rate among French children has reached 17%—and is growing.

    US president Donald Trump has popularized the phrase “fake news” But not too long ago these words in combination would have meant little to everyday English speakers.

    Anatoly Liberman, a German, writes about the origins of the word “fake”. The word, it turns out, has a very dark past. The best guess for how “fake” became mainstream, argues Liberman, is that it was a kind used by thieves in the London underworld. But“how it got there, nobody in the world knows, and probably nobody will ever know,” he tells Quartz.

    Liberman is a professor at the University of Minnesota and the author of Word Origins and How We Know Them. He writes that early records of “fake” as an English adjective appeared around the middle of the 18th century. The word likely comes from cant, or thief jargon(行话).

    The OED mentions “fake” as a verb starting in 1819, which basically meant'to do”in jargon, but also“to kill , wound, or rob”. An entry from a dictionary that year reads :

    “To fake any person or place, to rob them ;to fake a person may also imply to shoot, wound, or cut; to fake a man out and out, is to kill him.”

    Liberman traces the word next to Chares Dickens, who used “cly-faker”，where “cly” means pocket, in Oliver Twist. This is how he believes knowledge of “fake”as a word that means to steal, spread. Eventually it became a commonplace English word.

    Competition occurs naturally between living beings which co-exist in the same environment. In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity(繁荣). Others say that competition is bad ;that it sets one person against another ;that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.

    I have taught many children who held the belief that their self worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them playing well and winning are often life and death affairs. In their single minded pursuit(追求)of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.

    However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society.

    Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse :”I may have lost, but it doesn't matter because I really didn't try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove them-selves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one's self respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.

    You're out to dinner. The food is delicious and the service is fine. You decide to leave a big fat tip. Why? The answer may not be as simple as you think.

    Tipping, psychologists have found, is not just about service. Instead, studies have shown that tipping can be affected by psychological reactions to a series of different factors from the waiter's choice of words, to how they carry themselves while taking orders, to the bill's total. Even how much waiters remind customers of themselves can determine how much change they pocket by the end of the night.

    “Studies before have shown that mimicry(模仿) brings into positive feelings for the mimicker,” wrote Rick van Baaren, a social psychology professor. “These studies show that people who are being mimicked become more generous toward the person who mimics them.”

    So Rick van Baaren divided 59 waiters into two groups. He requested that half serve with a phrase such as. “ Coming up !” Those in the other hall were instructed to repeat the orders and preferences back to the customers. Rick van Baaren then compared their take-home pay. 'The results were clear—it pays to mimic your customer. The copycat(模仿者) waiters earned almost double the amount of tips to the other group.

    Leonard Green and Joel Myerson, psychologists at Washington University in St. Louis, found the generosity of a tipper maybe limited by his bill. After research on the 1,000 tips left for waiters, cabdrivers, hair stylists, they found tip percentages in these three areas dropped as customers' bills went up. In fact, tip percentages appear to plateau(稳定期) when bills topped $100 and a bill for $200 made the worker gain no bigger percentage tip than a bill for $100.

    “That's also a point of tipping,” Green says. “You have to give a little extra to the cabdriver for being there to pick you up and something to the waiter for being there to serve you. If they weren't there, you'd never get any service. So part of the idea of a tip is for just being there.”

    Now people are very concerned about the food problem. Steve Wilson prefers organic fruit, delivered right to the doorstep. He is willing to pay for it. If this is not possible, the 30-year-old computer technician will spend the extra money at the supermarket to buy organic food.

    “Organic product is always better,” Wilson said. “The food is free of pesticides(农药), and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not that it is locally grown and seasonal, so it is more tasty.” Wilson is one of the growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend, and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business. But how many shoppers really know what they are getting, and why are they willing to pay a higher price for organic product? Market research shows that Wilson and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reasons for their preferences—but their knowledge of organic food is far from complete. For example, small amounts of pesticides can be used on organic products. And about three quarters of organic food in Britain is not local but imported(进口)to meet growing demand. “The demand for organic food is increasing by about one third every year, so it is a very fast-growing market,” said Sue Flock, a specialist in this line of business.

    Many students want to learn a foreign language well, but what must they do? In my opinion, in order to know a foreign language thoroughly, four things are necessary Secondly, we must be able to speak it ourselves correctly with confidence and without hesitation. Thirdly, we must be able to read the language, and fourthly, we must be able to write it

    There is no easy way to success in language learning. A good memory is a great helpIt is not much use learning by heart long lists of words and their meanings, studying the dictionary and so on.

    If we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the language. “Learn through use”is a good piece of advice for those who are studying a new language. Practice is important

A. We must learn by using the language.

B. To master a foreign language is very important.

C. Firstly, we must understand the language when we hear it spoken.

D. We must be able to make sentences that are grammatically correct.

E. We must study how we have to do to learn a foreign language.

F. But it is not enough only to memorize rules from a grammar book.

G. We must practise speaking and writing the language whenever we can.

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(/\),并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词:

2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Dear Ginni,

    How are you getting on these days?

    I wonder if you could sell some Chinese knots (结)for me. I make them myself with red silk thread, cloth and some other materials. They look real beautiful in the shape of a diamond, about 5 inches long or 4 inches wide. In China, this knots stand for friendship, love and good lucky. People can either give them as gifts friends or hang them in their houses. They are only 12.99 dollars every.

      If anyone wants to know more about knots, let them write to me. Also, do let me know if you are need further information.

    Thank you !

Zhang Lin

    A lot of people in our country take a nap after lunch, so do my classmates. (recent) I have conducted a survey on (take) a nap after lunch among my classmates. Most of them are in the habit of sleeping forwhile at noon as they believe it does good to them. The majority preferdo so around 12:30 and the nap usually lasts for about 30 minutes. They often  (choice) to sleep at home instead of in their classroom dormitory.

    Hopefully, the result of my survey can draw the attention of our parents and school. Since most students are in need of a nap, proper (arrange) should be made so that students can have a good rest after a whole  (morning) hard work. Students should not be (ask) to do extra work during this period of time. After all , having a nap after lunch, one can feel (refresh) and energetic enough to study more efficiently in the afternoon.

注意：1）词数100个左右;

2）可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯;

3）信的开头和结尾已给出, 但不计入总词量。

Dear Miss Kane,

Yours,

Li Hua