广东省深圳高级中学2024届高三下学期5月适应性考试英语试题
试卷更新日期:2024-08-28 类型:高考模拟
一、第二部分阅读,第一节,阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。(共 15 小题;每小题 2.5 分, 满分 37.5 分)
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1. 阅读理解
With such a strong artistic heritage, it's no surprise that England knocks it out of the park when it comes to world-class art galleries. These are the galleries you need to add to your must-visit list.
Royal Academy of Arts (RA), London
Not your standard gallery, the Royal Academy of Arts is led by artists to promote not just the appreciation of art, but its practice. It is world-famous for hosting some exhibitions that get everyone talking. Besides, what sets the RA apart is its engagement with the public through participatory experiences, allowing visitors to not only view art but become part of it in innovative ways.
Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts, Norwich
Sitting on the edge of the University of East Anglia's campus, the Sainsbury Centre holds a collection of remarkable works of art spanning over 2,000 years. Inside the seminal Norman Foster building, you'll find artworks from around the world, including some stunning pieces of European modern art by Degas, Francis Bacon, and Alberto Giacometti.
Yorkshire Sculpture Park, West Yorkshire
Tearing up the rulebook when it comes to how we traditionally view art, the Yorkshire Sculpture Park strives to break down barriers by showing works from British and international artists in the open air. Set in hundreds of acres of West Yorkshire parkland, you'll see sculptures by some of the leading artists of the 20th century.
Whitworth, Manchester
After a sky-high £15 million development, the Whitworth is becoming one of the premier galleries in the north of England. Making full use of its picturesque park setting, the gallery has a beautiful art garden and a sculpture terrace (露台), all waiting to be explored. Inside the gallery, you can view an exciting programme of ever-changing exhibitions.
(1)、What is special about the Royal Academy of Arts?A、It offers interactive experiences. B、It displays works by senior artists. C、It occupies a vast space in the museum. D、It stages exhibitions in a traditional way.(2)、What do Yorkshire Sculpture Park and Whitworth have in common?A、They are small in scale. B、They offer outdoor settings. C、They feature long-standing works. D、They host exhibitions on an annual basis.(3)、Where is the text probably taken from?A、An art textbook. B、An art student's paper. C、A personal travel blog. D、A travel guidebook.2. 阅读理解It was not until photographer Rita Nannini left New York that she grew fascinated by the city's subways. While living in Manhattan for some 15 years in the 1980s and early 1990s, Nannini only commuted (通勤) on the one train-given the subway system's bad reputation. But after relocating to New Jersey for several years where subway is not an option, Nannini found that absence did make the heart grow fonder — maybe even for pizza rats. During her visit back to New York, Nannini nodded, noticing improvements in the subway's facilities.
While Nannini was waiting for a train, a bench on the platform opposite caught her attention due to the ever changing faces and characters. They were people of different accents, colors and beliefs. They were from all walks of life, a diverse mix of New Yorkers all there for their own different reasons. Having learned the teenagers' popular "End of the Line" challenge — boarding trains at random and riding them until their final destination; Nannini decided to visit every first and last stop across the NY subway's lines with her beloved camera.
Nannini's "End of the Line" experience saw her traveling some 665 miles across 26 routes in New York city. She took over 8,000 photos of the final stations, as well as the communities they served. In many cases, she rode the routes two or three times over to ensure she got "the shot". "The project really shows me how important the subway is, and how sustainable it makes our lives," she said
"It's often said that my photos show the end of the lines — the last stops," she said. "But theend of the line is indeed the start for so many people. That made me think about who the people and the communities that live at the two ends are and what it is that the subway means to them."
Nannini was proud of her set of images directly challenging the traditions of story telling, which echoed both the boredom and excitement of travel on tracks.
Nannini enjoyed taking her time, starting her challenge in 2013 and only shooting the final photos last year. Her first monograph on the terminal stops of the NY subway was released in April 2023.
"When you drive in the suburbs, you don't have those encounters," she continued. "People enter your life on the subway. That's what strikes me most on my jouney on tracks."
(1)、How did Nannini find the New York subway during her revisit?A、It tumed out fine. B、It was depressing. C、It still held the same bad reputation. D、It would be her only commuting option.(2)、What is paragraph 2 mainly about?A、The diversity of New Yorkers' daily life. B、The inspiration for Nannini's subway shots. C、The popularity of "End of the Line" challenge. D、The challenges of Nannini's job as a photographer.(3)、What can we infer from Nannini's "End of the Line" experience?A、Her way of telling stories is traditional. B、She expressed sympathy for the subway riders. C、Her photography is highly expected by the encounters. D、She found life on tracks was more interesting than life on wheels.(4)、Which of the following is the best title for the text?A、"End of the Line" Challenge: A New Trend in NY Subways B、The Road Home: Rita Nannini's Record of her Subway Ride C、Last Stop to New Start: A Photographer's Rediscovery of NY Subways D、New Yorkers' Routine: A Surprising Mixture of Boredom andExcitement3. 阅读理解Pick up any packaged processed food, and there's a decent chance that one of its listed ingredients will be "natural flavour". The ingredient sounds good, particularly in contrast to "artificial flavours" since there is a common belief that ingredients from nature are necessarily safer than something artificially made. But it's not true. Then what exactly does the natural flavour mean? It refers to extracts (提取物) got from natural sources like plants, meat or seafood. When consumers see the "natural flavour" on a label, they are unlikely to assume that someone is squeezing the juice from oranges into their bottles. They know even though natural flavour must come from natural sources, it needn't all come from the plant or meat. For example, orange flavours might contain not only orange extracts, but also extracts from bark and grass.
So if flavours like orange are needed, why not just use oranges? The answer comes down to "availability, cost, and sustainability", according to flavour chemist Gary Reineccius of the University of Minnesota. "If you're going to use all your grapes on grape soda," Reineccius says, "you don't have any grapes for wine making; the products are going to be exorbitant; besides, what do you do with the by-products you create after you've squeezed all the juice out of the grapes?"
Actually, while chemists make natural flavours by extracting chemicals from natural ingredients, artificial flavours are made by creating the same chemicals artificially. The reason why companies bother to use natural flavours rather than artificial flavours is simple: marketing. "Many of these products have health titles," says Platkin, professor from Hunter College. "Consumers may be talked to believe products with natural flavours are healthier, though they are nutritionally no different from those with artificial flavours. Natural flavours may involve more forest clear-cutting and carbon emissions from transport than flavours created in the lab."
Platkin suggests getting more transparent (易懂的) labeling on packaging that describes exactly what the natural or artificial flavours are, so consumers are-not misled into buying one product over another because of "natural flavours". Reineccius also offers simple guidance: "Don't buy anything because it says ‘natural flavours'. Buy it because you like it."
(1)、Which is misunderstanding about the "natural flavour" juice according to Paragraph 1?A、It comes from 100% original fruit. B、It is nothing but advertising tricks. C、It certainly contains extracts made in the lab. D、It is absolutely safer than juice with artificial flavours.(2)、What does the underlined word "exorbitant" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A、Popular. B、Expensive. C、Favorable. D、Innovative.(3)、Why do companies use natural flavours in the products?A、To cut the costs. B、To promote the sales. C、To advocate a healthy diet. D、To avoid food safety issues.(4)、What can we conclude from the text?A、Gary and Platkin hold opposite perspectives. B、Natural flavours are more environmentally friendly. C、Customers are misled for ignoring labels on packaging. D、Natural and artificial flavours are more alike than you think.4. 阅读理解A new study reveals that pigeons (鸽子) can tackle some problems just like artificial intelligence, enabling them to solve difficult tasks that might challenge humans. Previous research has theorized that pigeons employ a problem-solving strategy, involving a trial-and- error approach, which is similar to the approach used in AI models but differs from humans' reliance on selective attention and rule use. To examine it, Brandon Turner, a psychology professor at the Ohio State University, and his colleagues conducted the new study.
In the study, the pigeons were presented with various visual images, including lines of different widths and angles, and different types of rings. The pigeons had to peck (啄) a button on the right or left to indicate the category to which the image belonged. If they got it correct, they received food; if they were wrong, they received nothing. Results showed that, through trial and error, the pigeons improved their accuracy in categorization tasks, increasing their correct choices from about 55% to 95%.
Researchers believed pigeons used associative learning, which is linking two phenomena with each other. For example, it is easy to understand the link. between "water" and "wet". "Associative learning is frequently assumed to be far too primitive to. explain complex visual categorization like what we saw the pigeons do," Turner said. But that's exactly what the researchers found.
The researchers' AI model tackled the same tasks using just the two simple mechanisms that pigeons were assumed to use: associative learning and error correction. And, like the pigeons, the AI model learned to make the right predictions to significantly increase the number of correct answers. For humans, the challenge when given tasks like those given to pigeons is that they would try to come up with rules that could make the task easier. But in this case, there were no rules, which upsets humans.
What's interesting, though, is that pigeons use this method of learning that is very similar to AI designed by humans, Turner said. "We celebrate how smart we are that we designed artificial intelligence: at the same time, we regard pigeons as not clever animals," he said.
(1)、What is the purpose of the new study?A、To test a theory. B、To evaluate a model. C、To employ a strategy. D、To involve an approach.(2)、What were the pigeons expected to do in the experiment?A、Draw circles. B、Correct errors. C、Copy gestures. D、Identify images.(3)、What do pigeons and AI have in common according to the study?A、They are of equal intelligence. B、They are good at making rules. C、They respond rapidly to orders from humans. D、They employ simple ways to get things done.(4)、What can be a suitable title for the text?A、Pigeons' trial-and-error method is revealed B、Pigeons outperform humans in tough tasks C、"Not smart" pigeons may be as smart as AI D、AI models after pigeons' learning approach二、第二部分阅读,第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2.5 分, 满分 12.5 分)
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5. 阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中 有两项为多余选项。
Risks of Overtraining
Getting in shape and training for an event such as a marathon requires long-lasting and intense physical commitment. But the truth is, sometimes the very acts we do to get healthy can actually push us past our physical limits.
Specifically, overtraining is a set of signs that occur when your body is not able to recover sufficiently before going into your next workout. People tend to ignore them. Over time, the cycle of starting the next training session before allowing recovery causes breakdown of the very parts of the body that you work so hard to build up.
The structures and systems of your body adapt to the demands you have placed on them before the rest time. If your workout slightly goes beyond your current ability, it will adapt toward what you did in a positive way.
Two main factors are necessary in recovery: nutrition. and rest. Good nutrition, including water and protein intake, is extremely important, especially within 40 minutes of your workout. Your body uses the nutrients you have given it during the rest time. especially sleep, to strengthen.
One of the best ways to prevent overtraining is to focus on your morning resting heart rate. Generally, you will detect an increase in your heart rate before the other signs show up. Tracking it in a log can be a great way to monitor your recovery.
A. It's easy to measure and track.
B. Allowing time for recovery is also essential.
C. The problem is that they show up very gradually.
D. Below are the signs and symptoms of overtraining.
E. Listening to your body will assure you of your fitness goals.
F. If far beyond, it'll take longer to adapt and may cause injury.
G We generally assume regular intense exercise good for our health.
三、第三部分,语言运用,第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 1 分,满分 15 分)
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6. 阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处 的最佳选项。
It was a sunny Sunday afternoon. My husband was taking care of our baby girl so that my six-year-old son and I could do some yard work, just the two of us. It was sure to be 1 . But soon, the clouds of mosquitos seemed 2 to our bug spray (喷雾). I was sweating, itchy, and arguing with my son about how to pull weeds. I had told him the "right" way — getting those weeds out from the bottom, by the roots, 3 them entirely.
However, my son went about things in his own way. He pulled the 4 of the weeds off, moving quickly down the line as he left the remaining part still in the soil. Somehow, I found this to be incredibly 5 . Why couldn't he do it in my way and save me the time of having to 6 his portion (部分)? Why did he do it at all if he wasn't going to do it properly?
"If you do as told, we'd be done earlier and 7 a longer period before we would have to return and pull weeds next time," I said, trying to keep my tone 8 .
He went back to his work, shaking dirt from his handful of growing things and throwing 9 stems into our shared basket. "People do things 10 , Mom," he said innocently.
My fire soon faded, replaced by the 11 realization that I'd just received a valuable12 from the person that I was supposed to be teaching. While trying to 13 my baby girl, my kindergartener, and the yard work, 14 was a lifeline for me. But my way was, perhaps, not the best way after all. His time shouldn't be 15 . His job was to be a kid and take his time, for as long as he was able.
(1)A、 relaxing B、 disturbing C、 urgent D、 tough(2)A、 sensitive B、 resistant C、 harmful D、 addicted(3)A、 removing B、 packing C、 covering D、 preserving(4)A、 roots B、 fibres C、 tops D、 points(5)A、 amazing B、 boring C、 annoying D、 confusing(6)A、 recycle B、 redo C、 identify D、 ignore(7)A、 clarified B、 launched C、 repeated D、 promised(8)A、 nervous B、 mysterious C、 light D、 loud(9)A、 long B、 broken C、 dry D、 useful(10)A、 differently B、 separately C、 hurriedly D、 honestly(11)A、 satisfying B、 corresponding C、 depressing D、 humbling(12)A、 behavior B、 warning C、 reminder D、 review(13)A、 raise B、 land C、 teach D、 balance(14)A、 efficiency B、 concentration C、 discipline D、 quality(15)A、 run out of B、 set limits to C、 made up for D、 kept pace with四、第三部分,语言运用,第二节(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 15 分)
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7. 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Every Lunar New Year, China introduces a zodiac(生肖) sign from a cycle of 12 lucky animals. This year, it's the Year of the Dragon, or more (accurate), "the Year of the Loong". Then what's the difference?
The Western (describe) of dragons as "fire-breathing winged creatures" was inspired by literature such as Beowulf - the Old English epic about a Scandinavian herocontribution was killing monsters, including a dragon. Greek fairy tales also presented dragons violent sea monsters or guards of valuable (possession). By contrast, "loong", a word (create) in the 19th century, reminds people of strength and fortune, and should (distinguish) from its Western cousin. In Shiji, 2, 000-year-old Chinese history book, the emperor's mother dreamed of a dragon lying on her body, (predict) the birth of a future emperor. Exactly for this reason, Chinese people proudly claim they are "descendants of the Loong" .
Therefore, some culture experts have been calling for a switch to "loong" (tell) the Chinese dragon from the frightening monsters of Western tales. The call is also in line with the push for cultural confidence to choose the preferred translation of the Mandarin word for a creature long respected in Chinese culture.
五、第四部分写作(共两节, 满分 40 分)
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8. 假定你是李华,你校交换生Mike准备参加"厉害了,中国"(Amazing China) 短视频大赛,特发邮件向你征询视频创意。请给他回一封电子邮件,内容包括:
1.提出建议; 2.阐明理由。
注意:
1.写作词数应为 80 左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
Dear Mike,
……
Yours,
Li Hua
9. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文, 续写的词数应为150左右。Mike licked the last of the mint chocolate chip ice cream. It was almost time to leave. He jumped into the car with his parents and headed off to the Olympic-sized pool for the big swim meet.
When his race came up, Mike was confident. He was strong and swift. Mike climbed out the pool, smiling. He had just won first place, making him the fastest boy in his age group.
"Congratulations, son, " his father said. His mom gave him a hug, even though he was soaking wet.
A week later, it was time for another swim meet. Like before, Mike decided to enjoy his favorite ice cream flavor. Mike remembered that the last time he had won a race, he also ate mint chocolate chip ice cream first. Maybe he'd win again.
He took first place again in his race. Mike was feeling pretty good. As it turned out, Mike decided to have mint chocolate chip ice cream before every one of the next few swim meets. He began to think of it as his lucky charm. After several mouths of placing in the top positions of every race he swam, Mike was feeling unbeatable. And he wouldn't admit it, but all that ice cream was adding a few pounds to his athletic swimmer's build.
It didn't take long after that for Mike to start coming in second place—and then third—and then last place in his races. The lucky mint chocolate chip ice cream had lost its magic.
On the day of his next swim meet, his mother sat down at the table with him. "Mike, we all love ice cream, bu it's not healthy for your body to eat so much of it. Maybe it's time to quit the sweet treats for a while, especially before you go swimming."
Mike unwillingly agreed. He went to the swim meet, and didn't perform well. His father offered to go running with him a few days a week to help him feel better and strengthen his muscles. The extra weight soon disappeared, and Mike found himself breathing easier at swim practices.
Paragraph 1:
It was the last meet of the season and Mike wasn't sure what to expect.
……
Paragraph 2
Finally came the end of the race.
……
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