（浙江省）八年级上学期2024年开学启航·英语题型精训营：阅读理解（人与社会）

Cartoons are like a window that let us see the culture (文化) of a country. For example, the popular Japanese manga Naruto (《火影忍者》) shows us life about ninjias. US cartoons such as Superman opened up the world to superhero (超级英雄) culture. While, for Chinese animation (动画)，we can not just see our traditional (传统的) culture,, like ink painting and paper cutting. It also offers us many different themes(主题)：family love, teamwork, heroism and so on.

Starting from 1926 when Chinese cartoons first said hello to people, Chinese animation has entertained (娱乐) us for nearly 90 years. Here are some of the great ones.

Sports can be a lot of fun. They are also a great way to get exercise and stay healthy. But it's important to stay safe. Here are several ways for you to remember while playing sports.

Move and stretch

Before playing sports, it's good to warm up. Learn the right ways to stretch. This will help you get less hurt.

Listen up!

People make rules not only to keep games fair but also to keep you safe. Listen to your coach. He or she will keep you and your playmates safe in the game.

Drink water

The body needs water. When you sweat, your body loses water. That's why it's a good idea to keep a water bottle nearby during play. Take a break and drink up!

If you get into the forest with your friends, stay with them always. If you don't, you may get lost. If you really get lost, this is what you should do. Sit down and stay where you are. Don't try to find your friends——let them find you by staying in one place. There is another way to help your friends or other nearby people to find you. Give them a signal (信号) by shouting or whistling (吹口哨) three times. Any signal given three times is a call for help. Keep up shouting or whistling always three times together. When people hear you, they will know that you are not just making noise for fun. They will let you know that they have heard your signal. They give you two shouts, two whistles, or two gun-shots. When someone gives you a signal, it is an answer to a call for help.

If you don't think that you will get help before night comes, try to make a little house——cover up to the holes with branches (树枝) with lots of leaves. Make yourself a soft bed with leaves and grass. What should you do if you get hungry or need drinking water? You would have to leave your little house to look for a river. Don't just walk away. Pick off small branches and drop them as you walk so that you can find your way back. The most important thing to do when you are lost is——stay in one place.

Are we alone in the universe? Is there life beyond Earth?

On April 28th, 2020, China's radio telescope (射电望远镜) FAST, nicknamed "Eye of Heaven (天眼)"，began to look for alien life.

Radio telescopes can find signals from space. On Earth, our TVs and radios give out signals. Scientists believe that if aliens do exist, their technology would also give out signals like ours does.

Many radio telescopes around the world are being used to look for aliens. In 1977, for example, the Big Ear radio telescope in the USA found a strong 72-second signal from space. Many people believe it may have come from the intelligent life, but this is still a mystery.

FAST is the world's largest and most sensitive radio telescope. It can find even the weakest signals from space. Scientists are excited about what it might find in the future.

Body language is an important part of communication. If you want to communicate well，it's important to understand how to use your body to say what you mean, especially when you're in a foreign country.

If a person is bored, he won't look at the person who is talking to him. He will find other things to do. He may also keep looking at his watch or a clock. If a person is open to you, his arms and legs will not be crossed. And if a person is relaxed, you will know it by looking at his body, and even his breathing is slower.

Here are some examples of body language.

The year 2022 will be a big year for sports in China. That's because it will hold not only the 24h Winkler Olympic Cases in Being, but also the 19h Asian Games in Hangzhou.

on August 6, 2018, the official emblem (会微) for the Hangzhou Asian Games came out. It will be the third Chinese city to hold the Asian Games after Being and Guangzhou in 1990 and 2010. Called "Surging Tides(潮汐)"the emblem includes six parts: a Chinese fan, the Qiantang River, atrial bore(怒潮), a running track, the Internet icon an a the glowing red sun of the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA)。

To make the Being Games a great success, Chinese people worked hard to prepare. Beijing built a great number of roads and stadiums(体育场), including the famous National Olympic Sports Center and Olympic Village

For the 2022 Asian Games Hangzhou has already started building 33 sports venues(场馆) .The themes(主题) for the Hangzhou Asian Games are" green, smart, economical and civilized"

Beijing is the first city to hold both the summer and winter games. There are several winter sports and let's learn some of them

This blue curly hair looks like the waves of the sea. Its smile is a sign of the

healthy spirit of China. Those thumbs-up (翘拇指) will welcome millions to Shanghai from around the world.

It is Haibao, the mascot(吉祥物) of the 2010 Shanghai World Exposition. “It's very cute,” said Gu Weiyi, a school kid. “I want a big toy like the mascot.”

Haibao looks like the Chinese word ren, which means people or a person. The name comes from the Chinese phrases “Sihai Zhi Bao”- the treasure of the four seas. Haibao also means the treasure of Shanghai, which lies beside the sea.

Haibao was made by two artists , one from the mainland and the other from Taiwan. The design is about people living together in in the city. The designers want it to fit in with the theme of the Shanghai Exposition: Better City, Better Life.

Artificial intelligence or AI, is defined as " the capability of a machine to imitate intelligent human behavior". It is around us every day. AI is set to benefit mankind in many ways. Imagine being able to hop in a car, tell it your destination, and sit back in comfort as the AI-guided self-driving car takes you there. Imagine having an AI tutor that could help you with your schoolwork. It will make everyday tasks easier and bring efficiently to various industries. AI might just prove to be one of man's greatest inventions.

______________________In February 2018, a group of AI experts got together to discuss the possible misuse of AI. What they found was that "Every AI advance by the good guys is an advance for the bad guys, too," according to Quartz.

Their biggest concern was that criminals could use AI for wrong purposes. One of the areas they looked at was the use of AI to create websites that could be used to steal people's personal information. Another possibility is that AI programs could be taught to hack software and break into computer secure systems.

There are some other concerns as well. It is possible that AI could be used to create fake imagines and videos. Chinese tech giant Baidu, in fact, has developed a program called Deep Voice that can "clone" anyone's voice by studying a 3. 7-second audio sample.

Many leading figures in the tech world have expressed concern about AI. People like Bill Gates and Elon Musk have called for the industry to be more strictly regulated, as there are few laws right now on the use of AI.

However, this is set to change. In March 2018, the European Union plans to set up a group that will discuss the moral and ethical dangers of advanced AI- and hopefully, suggest some regulations that will help us keep it safe for mankind.

Do you know "Hey, are you phubbing me?" It means that you are playing with your phone and not paying attention to(注意) others.

"Phub" is a new word, and it is from two words "phone" and "snub(冷落)".  "Snub" means you are not paying attention to someone or something when you should be. We often see it as an impolite(不礼貌的) way when we are eating or playing with other people. So, this new word means you only look at your phone and ignore people around you.

Now think about that you are talking to your friends, and they just start looking at the screens of their phones. Some of them even begin sending messages to other people and putting pictures on Facebook when you are talking. How does that make you feel?

However, many of us are doing the same thing to our friends without thinking about it. A group of people did a study in a college and about 1, 000 students joined in it. According to the result, 35% of students are phubbers, and 25% always answer their phones when they are talking with other people face to face.

Tired of seeing this kind of action when talking with others face to face,  an Australian student, named Alex Haigh, started an activity to stop phubbing. He hopes that people can stop being phubbers all the time and spend more time talking with people around them.