贵州省凯里市第一中学2021-2022学年高一下学期开学考试英语试卷

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TOURS IN 2022

Slant of Light: Dutch and Flemish Old Masters in the Netherlands and Belgium, September 2022

Shifting Boundaries: Literature of Morocco, October 2022

Celebrating Life, Death and Rebirth in Mexico, October 2022

TOURS IN 2023

Friend of All That Lives: Ganges River Cruise, January 2023

Renaissance Venice, March 2023

Thinking Space, Drinking Space: Paris Café Culture, May 2023

Tracing Homer's Footsteps in Greece, May 2023

Into the Wild: Gros Morne, Newfoundland, June 2023

Quiet Revolutions: Literature of Quebec, September 2023

Literary Iceland: From Ancient Epic to Modern Novel, September 2023

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English is the most widely spoken language in the world. And of the roughly 1. 5 billion speakers globally, the vast majority speak it as a second language. So where are the world's best non-native English speakers? According to a new report by EF Education First, an international education company, Northern Europeans are the most fluent. Middle Easterners are the least proficient (精通的).

The index (指数) is based on the results of a free online test taken by 2. 3 million volunteers in 100 countries. Nearly six in ten of this year's test-takers were female. Women have always performed better than men, but this year men closed the gap somewhat.

In Europe, the powerhouse economies perform surprisingly badly: only Germany makes the top place of "very high proficiency" countries. France is next, while Spain and Italy are continuously falling behind. A study by a Spanish research institute reported the bad news: 60% of adults say they speak no English at all. The fact that Spanish is a global language in its own right (the language declares 400 million native speakers) is probably the cause. If you speak Danish, you need another language to take part in global culture; speaking French or Spanish (or Arabic) means hundreds of millions of people to talk to without English.

Asia is the region of greatest diversity (多样性). Only Singapore makes the top level, but the Philippines, Malaysia, and India are not far behind. China is further back but still in the second level, a few places ahead of Japan. Struggling in the bottom places are a group of South-East and Central Asian countries like Cambodia and Kyrgyzstan. This relates with another factor: the company repeatedly finds that English skills are highly related with connections and openness to the rest of the world. 

When most people picture bobsled from the Winter Olympics or from the film "Cool Runnings", they usually see four people, or at least two, energetically pushing a sled and then leaping in before racing down an icy course.

But differently, in monobob, an event making its first Olympic show at the 2022 Beijing Winter Games, one sledder does it all: push, leap and drive, and at this year's Games, every one of the competitors will be a woman.

The event is one of seven additions to the Olympics program for 2022 and the only one of the groups that will be competed only by women. Also being added are freestyle skiing big air jumping events for men and women and a handful of mixed-gender events. 

Monobob, however, may get the most attention. The event was attracting the International Olympic Committee in many ways, but particularly because of its competitive advantages. The cost of entry for the smaller sleds—a monobob might cost about $15,000, while a two-person is about $70,000—and the need for only a single sledder has fair results: Brazil and Jamaica won medals at last season's World Cup and a Cambodian recorded in the top ten.

In addition, all monobob sleds will come from the same producer, which partly weakens the technological advantages that wealthy nations have long enjoyed. In all the years of bobsled at the Games, only Germany, Switzerland, the United States, Canada and Italy have won more than one gold medal. 

For humans, adapting to (适应) climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help reduce the effects of a warmer world. However, animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviour. 

In a study done by Trends in Ecology & Evolution, a team led by Sara Ryding, a PhD at Deakin University, in Australia, shows that is already happening. And climate change is already changing the bodies of many animal species, giving them bigger beaks (鸟喙), limbs and ears. 

In some species of Australian parrot, for example, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. All that is nicely in line with evolutionary theory (进化论). "Allen's rule", named for Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger appendages (附肢) than those in mild regions.

Such increase in an animal's surface area helps it release (释放) extra heat. For example, being richly gifted with blood vessels, and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place for birds to release heat.

It seems clear that the world of the future is not just going to be hotter than humans are used to. These animals living in it will look different, too. Studying a larger range of animals will help figure out what is exactly happening. Much of Ms Ryding's data is about birds, however, with less information available for other animals.

Although taking good notes sounds a time-consuming task, it will benefit you to become a better student in several ways.  Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. Third, note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold your interest. 

You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook or doing research for a report.  Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is a selective process. 

The following methods may work best for you. 

• Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it. 

• Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main points and supporting facts. 

• Write your notes in your own words. 

•

• Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or written. 

As you take notes, you may want to use your own shorthand (速记). When you do, be sure that you understand your symbols and that you use them all the time. 

A. There are three practical note-taking methods. 

B. You must write your notes on separate paper. 

C. Use some key words, not complete sentences. 

D. Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later. 

E. You will also want to develop your own method for taking notes. 

F. First, the simple act of writing something down helps you understand and remember it better. 

G. That means you have to first decide what is important enough to include in your notes. 

When I lived in China, it was a struggle for me to learn Chinese and adapt to Chinese1 . When I first went to school, I was surprised at the class2 . There were about sixty students in our class. And the students were not so3 as those in the US where we often had open discussions. 

However, it was not a big4 for me because when I went to school, I did not5 anything that the teacher and students said. I6 sat in my seat without7 anything. After I went home, I8 and told my mom that I wanted to go back to my homeland. 

When I calmed down, I9 that I had to study Chinese very hard, but it was very difficult to learn the language. Every day at school, I tried to10 Chinese students and make friends with them. When school was over, I studied Chinese all night using elementary school books. It11 to be a good way for me to learn Chinese. 12 , I began to speak Chinese in school. Finally, I became13 during class and began to make some friends. 14 , I achieved a high grade in the exam and was also able to adapt to Chinese living. 

Now, I like to talk with Chinese friends and I like Chinese food, too. The experience of15 to learn Chinese in China was very valuable for me. I will never forget that time when I learned so much. 

Traditional Chinese painting is highly regarded all over the world for its theory, (express) and skill. It is also one of oldest continuous artistic traditions in the world. It is known in Chinese guo hua, meaning "national or native painting".

Traditional Chinese painting is done with a brush is dipped in black or coloured ink. The most popular paintings are made of paper and silk. The (finish) work can be put in albums or on walls. 

Traditional Chinese painting has its own special tools, consisting of brushes, ink, xuan paper and so on. Chinese painting can (divide) into figure paintings, landscapes and flower-and-bird paintings according to the subjects. Landscapes, mainly (describe) the natural scenery of mountains and rivers, represent a major type of traditional Chinese painting. 

In the 1980s, Chinese oil painting developed (quick). Then folk painting became popular, such as Chinese New Year pictures. It is put up on doors, room walls and windows (invite) blessings during the New Year. Woodcuts (become) increasingly various in style, theme and artistic form since the 1980s. 

注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 涵盖所有要点，可适当增加细节，使行文连贯；3. 请在答题卡相应位置作答。

可能用到的词汇：opening ceremony开幕式；Beijing Winter Olympic Village北京冬奥村；figure skating

花样滑冰；speed skating速度滑冰

My family went on our annual (每年的) summer vacation in a small house on a lake. Every day we kids are busy swimming, fishing and building sand castle on the beach. By the third day of our vacation, however, something caught my attention. I noticed my 10-year-old sister, Kate, always watching videos and looking through online shops indoors. She was so addicted to her cell phone! Over dinner, I asked Kate whether she would like to go hike to the top of the mountain across the lake the following morning, "Maybe you need put your phone away and enjoy the wonderful scenery. It's really amazing. "

"Well," Kate replied unwillingly, "there are some bargains (减价品) tomorrow in several online shops, so I'll not be available tomorrow. "

"You can't miss the fresh air and beautiful views here. Hiking is really fun!"

"I cannot walk so far", she didn't look up from her soup and mumbled (嘟囔), "and it sounds more like punishment than a vacation. "

When I said it only took us half an hour of steady walk to climb to the top, though reluctant, she nodded, "Fine, I'll go. "

The weather was fine as usual with clear skies and gentle winds. After packing, I found Kate walking slowly downstairs and in a very unenthusiastic (不热情的) voice, "Ok, I'm ready to go. Tom"

Anyway, when we stepped out of our house, quite a different view unfolded before our eyes. Sunlight brightened on the glassy surface of the lake. Not far away, a rough path wound to the top of the mountain across the lake with flowers and grass on both sides. We began from the path. 

"Tom, I'm still wondering if it is a good idea to go hiking. " Kate said, frowning (皱眉).

注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；2. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。

She followed me but kept some distance, thinking something else. 

……

Reaching the top, Kate widened her eyes, shouting, "How wonderful!"