山西省运城市盐湖区2022-2023学年高一下学期5月月考英语试卷

You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?

Jane Addams(1860-1935)

Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank Addams helped the poor and worked for peace She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize

Rachel Carson(1907-1964)

If it weren't for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans

Sandra Day O'Connor(1930-present)

When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U S Supreme Court O'Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court

Rosa Parks(1913-2005)

On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger Her simple act landed Parks in prison B. ut it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement "The only tired I was, was tired of giving in," said Parks

During World War II, when Jane Goodall was 6, , she was often woken by alarms The sound warned that enemy planes were flying over her town. Her little sister would run to the bomb shelter But Goodall refused to move, "I did not want to leave my bed," she said That same stubbornness (固执) led her to become the world's best-known biologist In 1960, she stayed for months in the forests of Tanzania in Africa, waiting for chimpanzees (黑猩猩) to accept her. When they did, Goodall was able to observe them up close and discover that they could use tools In 1962, university professors criticized Goodall for using human names and emotions to describe chimps "I was not against them," she says "I just quietly went on doing what I knew was right " She believes that chimps are smart social animals, which is now widely accepted

In 1986, Goodall went to a meeting on habitat loss that changed her ideas about nature. She not only just did research, but also began a schedule of travel and charity work. After 35 years, she's still on the job Goodall shares her life story to get people aware of environmental protection

Before the COVID-19, Goodall traveled 300 days a year She spoke at school gatherings and talk shows Since March 2020, Goodall has suspended her travels However, she has taken hotels and lecture halls as her bedroom for the past year and a half Her determination to spread her message keeps her there for hours each day Goodall does, on average, three virtual lectures or interviews between breakfast and bedtime. Her stories leave audiences feeling hopeful about our planet.

Art and science may seem like opposite things. One means the creative flow of ideas, and the other means cold, hard data — some people believe. In fact, the two have much in common. Now, a study finds art can help students remember better what they learned in science class 

Mariale Hardiman, an education specialist, noticed that students who used art in the class listened more carefully. They might ask more questions. They might volunteer more ideas. What's more, students seemed to remember more of what they had been taught when their science lessons had involved art. To prove that, Hardiman teamed up with some researchers and six local schools.

In the experiment, the researchers worked with teachers in 16 fifth-grade classrooms. They provided traditional science lessons and art-focused ones. In a traditional science class, for example, students might read the information from a book aloud. In the art-focused one, they might sing the information instead.

The team randomly assigned(分配) each of the 350 students to either a traditional science class or an art-focused one. Students then learned science using that way for the whole unit — about three weeks. When they changed to a new topic, they also changed to the other type of class. This way, each student had both an art-focused class and a traditional one. Every unit was taught in both ways, to different groups of students. This enabled the researchers to see how students did in both types of classes.

The team found that students who started off in traditional classes performed better after they moved into an art-focused class. But those who started in an art-focused class did well even when they went back to a traditional science class. These students appeared to use some of the art techniques after going back to a traditional class. Classroom teachers reported that many students continued to sketch(画速写) or sing to help remember the information. "It suggests that the arts may help students apply creative ways of learning on their own," Hardiman said

You must have heard the predictions from some of the brightest minds about AI's influence. Tesla and SpaceX's chief Elon Musk worries that AI is far more dangerous than nuclear weapons. The late scientist Stephen Hawking warned that AI could serve as the "worst event in the history of our civilization" unless humanity is prepared for its possible risks.

But many experts, even those who are aware of such risks, have a more positive attitude, especially in health care and possibly in education. That is one of the results from a new AI study released on Monday by the Pew Research Centre.

Pew investigated the opinions of 979 experts over the summer, a group that included famous technologists, developers, innovators, business and policy leaders. The experts interviewed, some of whom chose to remain anonymous(匿名的), were asked to join in the discussion of a serious and important question: "By 2030, do you think it is most likely that advancing AI and related technology systems will improve human capacities and control them?"

Nearly two-thirds of experts predicted most of us will be mostly better off. but a third thought otherwise, and a majority of the experts expressed at least some concerns over the long-term impact of AI on the "essential elements(要素) of being human". Among those concerns were data abuse(滥用), loss of jobs and loss of control brought by cybercrime(网络犯罪). Above all, by taking data in and spitting answers out, those "black box" tools make decisions in digital systems. It is the gradual removal of our ability to think for ourselves.

Many people connect gratitude with saying "thank you" to someone who helped us, making it a short act of appreciation. According to Robert Emmons, a leading researcher, gratitude is an emotion that can result in long-lasting positivity.

Gratitude is good for your health. Through his research, Emmons found that grateful people reported feeling healthier and happier, both mentally and physically. In the workplace, employees who are appreciative are healthier and more productive by 50 percent.

 Gratitude is a selfless act. We often take for granted the simple things in life. Those who recognize the goodness in life, no matter how simple, are more likely to be sensitive to the needs of others and to help whenever they can. Thinking about others' opinions, experiences and backgrounds will make you a better person.

Gratitude makes us more self-aware. Working in an ever-developing, fast-paced society, we are surrounded by ambitious people who are always struggling for more and better.  It starts by paying attention to what's now going on in your life, and true self-awareness is the key to being successful.

Gratitude helps us build strong relationship. Gratitude is a powerful tool for strengthening relationship, both at work and in your personal life. People who express their gratitude tend to be more willing to forgive others and therefore able to create long-lasting connections.

 Taking the time to thank people for their work and kindness—whether it was today, last month or many years ago—makes you happier and more self-aware.
 

Alexis Lewis, a 7-year-old girl, set out with her family on a trip to explore different parts of the country. During the hours on the road, her grandfather, a rocket scientist, would1cool ideas with Alexis about science. Eventually, everything her grandfather said2Alexis to become an inventor.

In the 2019 Kid Inventor' Day event3on January 17th in New York, Alexis, 14, was one of the seven kid4who attended the event. With an audience of 200 people in5and more than 500 others watching on Facebook Live, Alexis talked about her award-winning invention, the B. amboo Travois(雪橇). It is a lightweight device made of bamboo, a net rope6wheels. A person can use the travois to carry someone else while walking long7.

Alexis also8another one of her inventions: the Emergency Mask Pod. It is a football-shaped canister(小罐) that9a smoke mask and can be thrown through the window of a burning building   People inside the building can put on the mask to10themselves from smoke inhalation(吸入)11firefighters helped her test the invention by throwing it hundreds of times into the second storey windows of buildings.

The world12new thinkers like Alexis and other young inventors who13the event. Kids are the ones who can solve the14that the older generation creates. It's our job as adults to show kids the possibilities of15they can make and creat.

Beijing—Planetary scientists in China found hints of water "reservoirs(水库)" on the moon. Over billions of years, the surface of the moon (hit) by space rocks, causing the soil (melt) and be ejected(喷射) into space. Then it is cooled down and falls back to the lunar surface, (form) beads(珠子) of glass. The Chang'e 5 probe,  returned to Earth on Dec 17, 2020, brought back  total of 1,731 grams of rocks and soil from the lunar surface, including glass beads.

After looking into the glass beads from the sample, the international research team (find) that about one ton of glass beads may contain 0.5 kilograms of water. Hui Hejiu, one of the study authors said, "This 'water' wasn't a liquid  instead took the form of hydrogen(氢气). The hydrogen (contain) in the glass beads can (easy) be turned into the water we can use." If the water in the beads is easy to get, it will be a "really big deal" for deep space (explore) missions in the future.

The Meredith family lived in a small community. As the economy was in decline, some people in the town had lost their jobs. Many of their families were struggling to make ends meet. People were trying to help each other meet the challenges.

Mrs. Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman. She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor. She knew they had problems, and they needed all kinds of help. When she had time, she would bring food and medicine to them.

One morning she told her children about a family she had visited the day before. There was a man sick in bed, his wife, who took care of him and could not go out to work, and their little boy. The little boy — his name was bernard — has interested her very much.

"I wish you could see him," she said to her own children, John, Harry and Clara. "He is such a help to his mother. He wants very much to earn money, but I don't see what he can do."

After their mother left the room, the children sat thinking about little bernard." I wish we could help him to earn money," said Clara. "His family is suffering so much."

"So do I", said Harry. "We really should do something to assist them."

For some moments, John said nothing, but, suddenly, he sprang to his feet and cried," I have a great idea! I had a solution that we can all help accomplish."

The other children also jumped up all attention. When John had an idea, it was sure to be a good one. "I tell you what we can do," said John. "You know that big box of corn Uncle John sent us? Well, we can make popcorn, and put it into paper bags, and Bernard can take it around to the houses and sell it."

注意：1.续写词数应为150 左右；2.请按如下格式作答。

Paragraph 1

When Mrs. Meredith heard of John's idea, she said it was a good one, too

Paragraph 2

With everything ready, bernard started out on his new business.