山东省2022-2023学年高三上学期期中预测卷英语试题

Icehouse and ice ticket

As early as Pre-Qin Dynasty, people used natural ice to keep food fresh and make cold drinks. The Zhou royal court had a specialized department called "ice administration". They collected natural ice blocks each December to store in the icehouse. During the Qing Dynasty, "ice tickets" were used and they were available only to officials and the rich.

Ice container

The most commonly used cooling tool is called "Jian", which is a big container filled with ice. It was made of clay in early Chinese history, and was later made of copper (铜). The "Jian" can be seen as an ancient refrigerator, which can be used to make cold drinks.

Hiding food in the well

During the Qin and Han dynasties, for common people, the most common way to cool off is by using their wells. Some families put a pot in the well as a cold closet, or put food in a basket and lowered the basket into the well with a rope.

Herbal drinks

During the Qing Dynasty, taking Chinese herbal medicine was popular in Beijing. In hot summer, some people preferred to drink ice water, some boiled perilla leaves, and liquorice as summer soup to keep off the heat. Ancient people also loved to make lotus seed soup in summer for the benefit of strengthening the body.

A boy shivered in the harsh Oslo winter, pathetically wrapping his arms around himself on a bus stop bench. He wasn't wearing a coat and temperatures in the Norwegian capital regularly plunge to -10℃ during winter.

A heartbreaking scene, but the actions of the ordinary people who witnessed the difficult situation of 11-year-old Johanne Linnestad Flaaten were both joyous and inspiring.

A young woman sat next to the boy and noticed him rubbing his arms. She immediately asked him, "Don't you have a jacket?"

"No, someone stole," he replied. She questioned him and discovered he was on a school trip and was told to meet his teacher at the bus stop. She asked him the name of his school and where he was from as she selflessly covered her own coat around his shoulders.

Later, another older woman at first gave him her scarf, and then wrapped him in her large padded jacket.

Throughout the day, more and more people offered Johanne their gloves and even the coats off their backs as they waited for their bus.

Johanne's predicament was a hidden camera experiment by Norwegian charity SOS Children's Village as part of their winter campaign to gather donations to send much-needed coats and blankets to help Syrian children get through the winter. Many of the refugees have left their homes without winter clothing.

"People should care as much about children in Syria as they care about this boy," Synne Runnine th information head of SOS Children's Villages Norway, told The Local. She also noted that the child was a volunteer who was never in any danger during the filming.

Migratory (迁徙的) birds are declining globally because of the way that humans have changed the landscape over recent decades — according to new research from the University of East Anglia (UEA).

A new study published today reveals that population declines have been greatest among species that migrate to areas with more human infrastructure — roads, buildings, power lines, wind turbines (涡轮机) — as well as more population and hunting levels.

Dr. James Gilroy, from UEA's School of Environmental Sciences, said, "We know that migratory birds are in greater decline than non-migratory species, but it's not clear why. We want to find out where in their life cycles these migratory species are most exposed to human impacts."

The research team identified 16 human-induced threats to migratory birds, including infrastructure associated with bird disturbance and impacts, transformation of land from natural habitat to human land use, and climate change. Advances in satellite imagery allowed the team to map each of the 16 threats across Europe, Africa and Western Asia. The team also created the first ever large-scale map of hunting pressure across the region. A total of 103 species of migrating birds were studied, including many rapidly declining species like the turtle dove and the common cuckoo, using large-scale datasets. The team calculated threat scores for factors such as habitat loss and climate change, across breeding locations, as well as non-breeding ranges. They then explored the relationships between these threat scores and bird population trends calculated from 1985 to 2018 by the Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme (PECBMS).

Dr. Aldina Franco, also from UEA's School of Environmental Sciences, said, "Our findings are important because we need to understand where declining species are being most impacted by humans across their seasonal migrations. Locating where birds are most exposed to these threats could help us target conservation actions."

Before you worry about bacon and how much it may cost when new animal welfare laws go into effect next year, let's talk about the pigs that gave their lives for it.

California has been on the forefront of protecting animals who live short lives on factory farms either to produce food for us or to be slaughtered and sold as food. The latest advance came in November 2018, when 62.7% of the state's voters supported Proposition 12, the Prevention of Cruelty to Farm Animals Act. The law began going into effect last year, requiring hens and veal calves to be given more space to live in. Starting on Jan. 1st, the law will require that all eggs sold in California come from cage-free hens and that pork sold in the state come from breeding pigs that are not held in cages. These are humane steps designed to lift these animals out of structures that barely allow them to move.

Pork producers have had the longest time to comply (遵守). Some big companies like Hormel Foods have pledged to do so fully, but others have spent the last few years fighting the law rather than figuring out how to put it into practice. They say that the law will significantly raise the price of pork and that it violates the Commerce Clause of the Constitution, which gives Congress sole power over interstate business activity. So far, that fight has been a waste of time that pork producers could have better spent figuring out how to retrofit (翻新)their farms.

They also complain that the regulations on the law are not set. But the California Department of Food and Agriculture, which has yet to finalize the regulations, says that the delay should not have prevented producers from retrofitting their housing for breeding pigs. The agency has publicly posted draft regulations, which mostly concern record-keeping, certification and definitions of terms.

For fans of bacon and other pork, any rise in cost is the price of not having a pig suffer before it's killed for food. It's a price the animals shouldn't have to pay.

Talking to someone on a train, bus, or subway can be risky yet exciting, as you never know when they're going to get off. Starting a connection can be fun as the costs are fairly low and you can easily start and stop a conversation, or get off if things become awkward.

Make eye contact. Making brief eye contact can show the persons that you're interested and help you judge whether they are interested in you. Glance at the persons and try to hold your gaze (注视) for just a second or two. If they meet your gaze, it's likely positive. If they look away quickly or appear disinterested, it's probably best not to approach.

Smile at the persons. If you've successfully met their gaze, smile at them.

If they smile back, you're likely in luck in getting them to talk to you.

If you want to start a conversation with the persons, smiling is a great way to get somebody's attention.

Make a point to appear open, comfortable and available. Do this by keeping your arms uncrossed. Stand or sit up straight and show good posture (姿势). Don't cross your body or turn away from the persons, as these gestures can make you appear closed off or disinterested.

Approach the persons to start talking to them. If you're far away, move closer. You should be a comfortable distance where you can hear each other yet not feel awkward if the conversation doesn't work out.

I became the youngest person in the world to climb Broad Peak in 2018. Then I set my1on Mount Qomolangma.

Even highly2mountaineers face barriers like extreme altitude, avalanches (雪崩), and freezing temperatures. Still, I was3.

I turned 19 on March 11, 2021. On the 24th day of the month, I landed in Nepal to summit (登顶) Mount Qomolangma—the4point on Earth at 8,848.86 meters. I spent close to two months at Base Camp and took shorter hikes up the mountain to5the conditions and the low-oxygen environment.

Base Camp sits at an elevation of 5,364 meters, tall enough to cause6emergencies. The route is mostly a long, slow, technically7, oxygen-starved journey. I was nervous at first, but I didn't rush as I moved around layers of8shifting, huge ice blocks.

I witnessed fellow climbers9and heard some screaming for help at the top of their lungs. Sometimes, I stopped dead in my10. I gasped for air, but I had no choice but to keep11.

I was in Qomolangma's Death Zone for 24 hours. Oxygen is so12in the Death Zone and the body's cells begin to die. Hikers have to13oxygen tanks. Most deaths from climbing Qomolangma14in the Death Zone.

On May 11, 2021, I became the fourth teenager in the world to climb Mount Qomolangma. I was on top of the world, literally! I felt like I could15the sky.

Last week, I took a small boat and rowed miles along a little river in the middle of New York's Adirondack Mountains (escape) the maddening noise in the city.

One of the rewards for this remote trip was the total peace in the mountains. Here, I was completely alone. There was not another soul sight. No cars, no signals to draw me toward my phone.

I rowed through little ponds (surround) by grass and red berries on the shores. To go deeper into the wild, I made my way through a chain of rocky rapids (急流). As I rowed along I saw a yellow maple leaf pressed against a rock by the current.

When it was impossible for (I) to row my boat, I tied it to my waist and pulled it behind me, w with my pants rolled to my (knee). To my delight, I found that the water still held some of the warmth summer.

Soon after I reached a stretch of rapids were too violent to get through, I was forced to carry my little boat on my shoulders.(walk) along a trail in the shadowy forest, I saw(variety) plants that have started to turn reddish. When the river slowed down again, I put down my boat and rowed on. On (arrive) at the end of the little river, I was extremely tired I felt really happy and complete relaxed.

1）班会目的；

2）班会过程；

3）你的感受。

注意：

1）写作词数应为80左右;

2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Labor is the most glorious

I knew this dreaded day would come sooner or later. It came too fast and there I was, in the waiting room of the dental clinic, miserable with butterflies in my stomach.

My parents told me to sit up, stop wringing(拧) my hands, and take deep breaths to keep calm. It worked. l was calm for maybe two seconds when I heard my name being called. l pretended to be deaf but my mother touched me to get up. l forced myself to step forward and immediately stumbled(绊) over a toy and the boy who was playing with it. My clumsiness got me the attention of everyone in the room. Being stared at by so many pairs of eyes was too much and I hurried to the consultation room as fast as I could, leaving the boy crying for his broken toy.

l had refused my parents' offer to accompany me. I meant to show them that I was brave enough to face the treatment on my own. I regretted it right now. Thankfully, I forgot my anxiety as I looked around the dentist's room. Tools of different sizes were arranged neatly in a plate on the tiny table which was connected to a chair with buttons and a light hanging right over it. I avoided looking at my dentist in the eye as I took my seat on the chair shakily.

l tried to calm myself down, imaging how brave I would be. After a while, I was taken by great surprise when all of a sudden the chair moved and I was lying down facing the bright yellow light. When I caught sight of the dental drill on the plate, panic related to a bad childhood experience involving the drill kicked into me.

注意：

1）续写词数应为150左右;

2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

I cried out and almost jumped out of the seat.

My parents were waiting at the door anxiously when I ran out excitedly.