陕西省西安市西工大附高2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次适应性训练英语试题

Argentina: Land of Discovery

Experience the lively culture of Buenos Aires as you work to build low-income housing for local families in need.

Duration: 14 to 21 days

Program Type: Find Your Passion

Tuition: $4,999 (21 days); $3,399 (14 days)

Community Service Hours: 45 (21 days); 35 (14 days)

Language Hours: N/A*

Belize: Rhythms of the Caribbean

Make a difference as you work to promote children's literacy, explore Belize's diverse ecosystems, and experience the color and culture of this exotic nation.

Duration: 21 days

Program Type: Find Your Passion

Tuition: $4,999

Community Service Hours: 60

Language Hours: N/A

Costa Rica: Spanish Service Adventure

Navigate (驾驶船只) through a diverse mountainscape and improve your Spanish skills. Duration: 14 to 21 days

Program Type: Language Immersion (沉浸)

Tuition: $4,999 (21 days); $3,399 (14 days)

Community Service Hours: 55 (21 days); 36 (14 days)

Language Hours: 45 (21 days); 30 (14 days)

Costa Rica: Protecting the Pacific

Protect the oceans through volunteer projects on the Pacific coast.

Duration: 14 days

Program Type: Environmental Conservation

Tuition: $3,399

Community Service Hours: 30

Language Hours: N/A

*N/A：Not applicable (不适用)

This may be sad to hear, but the number of Britain's famous red telephone boxes has been falling for decades. The phone box is well-known to foreign fans of Britain and visitors to the country. There are still many left to enjoy, however.

There is deep feeling for the bright red boxes with the Queen's coat of arms (盾形徽章).

The places that still have the red box are mostly small and in the countryside. In these places, the phone box may be a symbol of community, as well as a landmark. But there are still several cities, including London, that still have original red phone boxes in place.

For tourists, they probably make the perfect place for a selfie. Visit London any day in the summer and you'll see people with their smart phones taking photos with the red box behind them. People who receive the photo will have no trouble guessing where the selfie was taken.

Ever since mobile phones became more widespread, there has been less and less point in public phones. But although the red boxes are no longer popular places to make a call from, new uses are being found for them all the time. The famous design created by Giles Gilbert Scott back in 1924 lives on, but in ways the British architect would never have imagined. Some of the new ways the phone boxes are being used are quite unusual. For example, some have been changed into tiny coffee shops. Others are hat stores. In one distant area of the country, a red box that had not been used for a long time has been turned into a small lending library.

Even back in their heyday in the last century, phone boxes were put to other uses. Some people even used them as toilets in an emergency.

But for many, they were a safe place to hide if you were caught up in the rain. Britain's weather is unpredictable: sun one moment, heavy rain the next. So if you are planning to visit the UK and want the perfect British selfie, standing inside a red telephone box in a rainstorm may be your best bet.

It seems like people today are more easily offended than ever before. If smoking in an elevator or talking in a movie theater were normal in the past, they are considered to be rude today. We used to be obliged to answer whatever questions a family elder asked, but now when a prying (爱打听的) relative asks about our test grades or dream university – information that we'd rather keep to ourselves – we feel offended, even if they mean well.

The boundary between "politeness" and "rudeness" has changed over the years, especially among young people.

But this change doesn't just go one way – things that used to be considered rude may also go across to the other side of the boundary. For example, to stand up for themselves, some youths may try to make statements by using phone cases printed with phrases like "Leave me alone" or "None of your business". In their eyes, this is more like being independent than being rude.

"These phenomena involve rejecting previously moral order to ignore insults, recognize the good intentions of those who accidentally give offense, and be charitable toward those with whom we disagree," wrote Time. "They suggest a new morality."

And this fresh morality is introduced by a new group of people. According to The Economist, young people, or millennials, are "the best-educated generation ever", which is why they tend to be more conscious about their privacy and personal space. They are also freer than previous generations, more eager to explore the world and refuse to be tied down by elders' rules.

But there are, of course, people who think that millennials have gone too far to defend their own needs. An earlier Time article called millennials the "Me Me Me Generation", saying that they are self-involved, less grateful and less tolerant of people.

But Lauren Martin, a lifestyle writer in the US, and a millennial herself, has a theory.

"Our generation is an anomaly (与众不同的事物)," she wrote on Elite Daily. "We refuse to do things their way, so they call us entitled. We refuse to sit in cubicles (办公室隔间), so they call us spoiled. We refuse to follow their plans, so they call us stubborn. What they are slowly realizing, however, is we're not lazy, stubborn or entitled. We just refuse to accept things as they're given to us."

You've got your fancy new suitcase and you're ready to take it with you on your travels across the globe.

You get to the airport, quickly moving through the crowds on the uneven pavement, rushing to check in. Then, your heart sinks when you realize your new suitcase has got a serious case of the wobbles.

Why does this happen?

Scientists from the Universite Paris-Diderot in France investigated this matter and published their findings in the science journal Proceedings of the Royal Society A. They also suggested some solutions to overcome this modern-day problem.

To learn more about the issue, they put a suitcase on a treadmill (跑步机) and observed what happened.

It was soon noted that the "wobble" was actually a result of repeated actions that caused the suitcase to sway (摇晃) from side to side. They discovered that if one of the wheels encountered an obstacle such as a small bump, it jumped into the air for just a moment and then banged back down to the ground. That second action caused the opposite wheel to lift off the ground and then to bang back down, causing the first to lift again and so on. This swaying increased as the luggage was pulled along.

"The suitcase is a fun way to tackle the problem, but the study would be the same for any trolley with two wheels or blades (桨叶)," Sylvain Courrech du Pont, lead author of the study, told BBC News. "So it will be the same for a caravan (大篷车) or maybe also for airplanes."

Instead of slowing down when we see a rocky part of the path, the scientists recommended doing the exact opposite and speeding up. This is because going faster gives the wheels less time to rise and fall, preventing the case from swaying. They also said that reducing the angle of the suitcase by lowering its handle to the ground would help keep it steady.

"These findings could help researchers simulate and design better rolling suitcases and other pulled trolleys, such as towed trailers (牵引车)," Courrech du Pont added.

With these masterminds working on perfecting our suitcase problems, wobbly luggage may soon be a thing of history, leaving us to enjoy our travels.

Most people are familiar with big international sports events like the Olympics and the World Cup. But have you ever heard of the Commonwealth Games?

The Commonwealth of Nations is an international organization made up of 53 member states, including Canada, India and Australia. Today, they still hold the Commonwealth Games in the hope of keeping their friendship alive.

The Commonwealth Games take place every four years. Like other international sports events, popular sports such as volleyball and hockey are played there.

Lawn bowls, a popular game in Commonwealth countries, is similar to curling (冰壶). However, it's played on a grass field instead of on ice. Netball is another game that is seldom seen outside of Commonwealth nations. It is mainly a women's sport.

Australia held the 2018 Commonwealth Games in Queensland between April 4 and 15, 2018. It built new stadiums, a light railway and new WiFi networks.

It has hosted the games five times. It is also one of just six countries that have attended each of the games since they were first held in 1930.

Early in my career, I was always struck by the fact that "expensive" hotels charged extra for things like internet access and movies. At the same time, more1hotels included everything. Although these less expensive hotels did not have2lobbies (大堂), they did offer the things that a young and tired3would want: a clean room and a quiet environment.

For the high prices you pay at nice hotels, everything should be4. They should give refunds for the things you don't5instead of cheating their customers.

I once read an article about a judge who was invited to a very expensive restaurant in

Washington. The restaurant's food and service were both6. But there was something that ruined the7: the judge was charged $1 for the ice in his $7 mixed drink. The fact that he was charged the extra dollar separately – instead of just being charged $8 – made him so8that instead of talking about how wonderful everything was at the9, he only talked about the $1. Needless to say, he10went back to that restaurant.

I see the11thing is starting to happen in the airline industry. For example, American

Airlines is charging $3.50 for snacks and $7 for meals.12, sodas and water are still free.

The airline should just charge a13fare and give you a refund for what you don't want or use. This will put more power in the hands of the14– the airline might be surprised to find that people are15to pay for extra services. Just imagine what could happen if you just trust your customers to make their own16?

So remember, don't17your customers.18, charge what you think your service or product is worth and take it from there. This way, you can remove19services in exchange for lower prices. It becomes a win-win for you and your customers by sharing purchasing decisions and therefore giving your customers more20.

To my surprise, I learned something new from my little sister yesterday, who(absorb) in exploring the history of commas.

In the third century BC, the full stop(句号) or period was introduced by Greek literary critic Aristophanes of Byzantium. It is used (present) the end of a sentence. However, the full stop has a different meaning to teenagers and those in their early 20s, interpret it as a sign of anger. And there is a reason for that.

The younger generation has grown up using the texts as their primary means of communication. When (send) messages, they tend to break up their thoughts by sending each one as a separate message, instead of using a full stop. They feel the full stop once used in traditional texting (repeat) is not essential at all because the message is now ended just by sending it.

David Crystal, a leading language (special), argues that the usage of full stops is being revised in a really fundamental way. In his book, he says that the full stop has become an emotion marker that (remind) the receiver that the sender is angry or (annoy).

the full stop has taken on a different meaning to the younger generation, experts note that it is important to take language environment account. For example, to use full stops in an email appropriately is perfectly acceptable and is not considered rude.

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用(＼)划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Have you heard from Singles' Day (Nov 11) in China? Many people stay up lately that night, shop online to get big savings. Well, the US has something like it calling Black Friday.

Black Friday is one of the bigger shopping days in the US. It always falls on the day after the Thanksgiving holiday. On this day, store will offer special deals, just like on Singles' Day in China. On Black Friday, shoppers will often wake up very early to wait in line at stores after they open. They might start wait in line as early as 2 or 3 am. Sometimes, the crowds will be such big that it is impossible to get inside the store. People sometimes fight over things because there are only a few are left.

1）参赛的准备过程；

2）参赛的收获；

3）表示感谢。

注意：

1）词数80左右；

2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。