广东省深圳市罗湖区2022-2023学年高三上学期8月开学摸底考试英语试卷

Most of us have experienced being introduced to someone new only to forget his name within seconds. But why is it often easy to remember a person's face but so difficult to remember what he's called?

A new video explains that is due to the way our brains process random data. The video, called "why do you forget their name?" was produced by Mitchell Moffit and Greg Brown from YouTube channel AsapSCIENCE. The pair explained our brains are born to recognize facial details and that specific brain cells fire in response to seeing a face.

The University of Toronto, for example, found when looking for faces in a crowd the frontal cortex（额叶皮层）sends signals to the posterior visual cortex（后视觉皮层）to enhance what the person was looking at. But because names are random and hold no specific information in them, the brain struggles to remember them.

The video continued to show when meeting people for the first time, many of us focus on introducing ourselves and this is known as the "next-in-line effect". Instead of watching and listening to the other person, the brain starts focusing on its own routine — what I'll say and how I'll say it. As a result, we're not able to take in new information.

In an experiment by Texas Christian University, researchers asked people in a group to take turns introducing themselves. They then tested them to see which information they remembered. A participant's memory was accurate for each fellow group member except for the person who spoke before them. For these people, the participants failed to recall any or little information.

Also, brains have both short and long-term memory and the short-term memory is often called "working memory". This can only hold so much information and if the brain doesn't focus, or repeat it, the information fades.

Google is testing a new feature to inform people when they search for a topic that may have unreliable results. The move is a notable step by the world's most popular search engine to give people more contexts about breaking information that's popular online — like suspected UFO sightings or actively developing news stories.

"When anybody does a search on Google, we're trying to show you the most relevant, reliable information," said Danny Sullivan, a Google Search staff, "But we get a lot of things that are entirely new." Sullivan said the notice isn't saying that what you are seeing in search results is right or wrong, but that it's a changing situation, and more information may come out later.

The feature builds on Google's recent efforts to help users with "search literacy" or to better understand contexts about what they're looking up. In April 2020 the company released a feature telling people when there aren't enough good matches for their search. In February 2021, it added an "about" button next to most search results showing people a brief Wikipedia description of the site they're seeing, when available.

Some social media researchers welcome the types of added context like the one Google rolled out today. It's a welcome alternative, they say, to the debates around whether or not to ban a certain account or post. "It's a great way of making people pause before they act on or spread information further," said Evelyn Douck, a researcher at Harvard who studies online speech. "It doesn't involve anyone making judgments about the truth or falsity of any story but just gives the readers more contexts. In almost all breaking news contexts, the first stories are not the complete ones, and so it's good to remind people of that."

There are still some questions about how this all will work, though. For example, it's not clear exactly what sources Google finds to be reliable on a given search results, and how many reliable sources need to weigh in before a questionable trending news topic loses the label. As the feature rolls out more broadly, we can likely expect to see more discussion about how it's carried out.

Michael Jackson had Bubbles, a chimpanzee（黑猩猩）. Justin Bieber had Og Mally, a capuchin（卷尾猴）, until it was seized by German customs officials and put in a zoo. Rihanna has been photographed bottle-feeding a baby monkey on holiday. The stars would find few fans in the British government, which on December 12, 2020 placed new restrictions on keeping primates（灵长目动物）as pets. Somewhere between 1,000 and 5,000 marmoserts, lemurs, tamarins and other little species of primates are kept in private ownership in Britain, the government says, often bored to misery.

One of the benefits of cutting loose from the European continent is that Britain can fully express its passion for animals. Politicians are only too happy to work for it, for pet-friendly policies are cheap and popular. In the previous election, the Tory Party promised to help reunite missing pets with their owners by making it compulsory to put chips into the bodies of cats and dogs, and to deal with animal smuggling（走私）. The Labour Party promised to ban the live-boiling of lobsters in restaurants.

Yet, Britain's animal welfare laws are already among the most comprehensive in the world, according to the Animal Protection Index.

Wild animals in traveling circuses were banned by law last year, but a decreasing public appetite for parades of elephants and tigers balanced on chairs had already put an end to the business. By the time the ban came into force, only two licensed animal circuses were left in Britain. Members of Parliament are moved by the sad loss of pets because of motor accidents. James Daly has proposed Gizmo's Law, named after a cat, the victim of a hit-and-run accident, which was burned without its owner's knowledge. The law requires that dead animals be brought back from the roadside to scan them for microchips, so that they can be reunited with their brokenhearted owners rather than being burned without their names being known. A draft bill in 2018 proposed criminalizing drivers who failed to stop after striking a cat. Hit-and-runs on dogs, pigs, goats and humans are already illegal.

Poetry has healing powers. To get more joy and peace, we don't have to be a professional poet but we can develop a poetic mindset（心态）.

Be in awe（敬畏）of everything.

The poetic mindset starts with the idea that nothing is an accident. Everything is interrelated and plays a part in a greater whole. Close your eyes. Now open them. What is the first thing you see? Look closer. Ask yourself: What does it look like? What does it remind you of? Does it bring happy thoughts or sad ones? Why? I bet your randomly selected object is full of meaning.

A poem is a place where you can pour out your hard feelings. Don't be afraid. You can always throw the page into the fireplace once you've filled it. Poetry can be a storeroom for everything difficult in your life. But there's more, I find when I write about something I'm struggling with, my negative feeling begins to become weaker.

Seek what inspires you.

Life isn't perfect, but you can live with love and trust anyway. There is always goodness to be found once you train yourself to look for it. Poetry to me is a form of praise. I build poems from things I see, people I meet and thoughts and feelings found deep inside. As I present those treasures in poetic language, I am appreciating what is good in them.

A. Your pain is your teacher.

B. How can we manage it in an easy way?

C. What are the steps of writing a good poem?

D. Or seal it in an envelope and come back to it later.

E. Poetry helps us remember this important place of wisdom.

F. Therefore, everything deserves notice and even appreciation.

G. Writing a poem is about describing your inner world vividly.

As a descendant（后裔）of an immigrant family from Barbados, my childhood was different from that of my peers. My mom had rules for the home that seemed extremely 1. I must be home before nine. I was only 2 to watch television two hours a week. In the summers, I had to write book reports besides participating in a leadership camp.

In addition to these, what I felt unreasonable was that my mother 3 me to have role models. She'd always say, "You're allowed to respect certain 4 of a person, but you can never place that person on a pedestal（崇高地位）." Mom would then 5 that when you idolize people, their greatest accomplishments can unintentionally become the ceiling of your dreams. So while as a 1980s 6 I loved Oprah Winfrey, a famous talk show host, Mom 7 to have me strive to be like Oprah. She always said, "There is only one Oprah and only one Dana. Imagine your own success, Dana."

But in my late twenties, I lost touch with mom's 8. I wanted to be the best, and I 9 myself trying to make real the visions others had for me. Many times, I was 10 for meeting some established standard of success. That led to bonuses and promotions, which made me feel accomplished. But gradually, my sense of 11 disappeared. I came back to my secret reality of feeling 12, and a bit bitter at myself.

Then in my mid-thirties, I began to stop 13 other people's intentions. I 14 understand that Mom didn't want any person — no matter how 15 — to have control over my thoughts, dreams and ambitions. As my mom said, "All the tools you need to live your calling are already within you, Dana. No one else can live your life's purpose better than you."

Researchers say technology may have solved a mystery about markings at Jerusalem's Church of the Holy Sepulchre. The special markings are thousands of crosses carved into the walls of the church, which is one of Christianity's (holy) places. As one of the world's Christian religious centers, it (think) that the markings were graffiti created by religious travelers, most of  visited the church in the past. But imaging technology suggests that they were likely part of a more (organize) effort.

Researchers used three-dimensional (3D) imaging technology to find out  old the markings are. The process showed that the crosses may date  the 15^th century. Examinations of the images showed the (deep) and details of the markings were very similar, (suggest) that only a few people had carved the crosses. It suggests that pilgrims（朝圣者）visiting the church probably paid artists to create the crosses in their name. More research is to be carried out on the markings in an effort (confirm) the latest findings. The new research can help the church to attract more visitors, (especial) as it struggles with covid-19 restrictions.

1）社团概况；

2）日常活动；

3）邀请她观看下周五社团的表演。

注意：

1）写作词数应为80左右；

2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Losing a parent is one of the most painful parts of life. No matter how old we are when they leave us, it can be a heartbroken experience. Our memories are all that is left of them and happy reminders of their love turn into our most valuable treasures. That's how Mara Soriane feels about the teddy bear that she tragically lost in her recent move to a new apartment.

Diagnosed with cancer, Mara Soriano's mother Marilyn, gave her daughter the bear as a gift in 2017. After her mother's death last June, the gift became even more special. "That bear was basically the last reminder of my mom. It was her voice that accompanied me," she said in an interview.

The fluffy toy didn't cost a lot, but it contained a recording of her mother's voice telling her that she loved her and was proud of her. The bear, called Mama Bear, was in the backpack that contained electronics like an iPad and a Nintendo Switch. When the bag was stolen last week during the move, the 28-year-old was heartbroken, not for the gadgets, but for Mama Bear.

Mara posted a photo of her and her Mama Bear on Instagram, explaining the importance of the bear. Millions of users were touched by the story. More and more people were talking about the bear, but there was no good news for Mara. So again and again she posted online about the item and the story behind it, hoping it could catch move viewer's attention in a big way.

Actor Ryan Reynolds was moved by Mara's story and then posted a plea（请求）for Mama Bear's safe return. "I think we all need this bear to come home," he wrote. Along with the message, he also offered a $5,000 reward for the people who found the bear.

注意：

1）续写词数应为150左右；

2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。