浙江省衢州市开化县2021-2022学年高二下学期开学考试英语试题

We often think of future. We often wonder what the world will be like in a hundred years. Think of space, perhaps a permanent station on the moon will have been set up. Perhaps people will be able to visit the moon as tourists. Cheap rockets for space travel will have been developed, permitting long journeys throughout the solar system. When that time comes, people will be taking holidays in space and visiting other planets.

Great progress will have been made in medicine, too. Perhaps a cure will have been discovered for the most terrible of all diseases-cancer. Pollution is a problem we must solve. In a hundred years it will have been controlled.

The world will have been developed-even the Antarctic. There will be large cities in the Antarctic. We already have supersonic (超音速的) flight, but in a hundred years we will have supersonic land travel as well.

We will have used up most of the earth's land to build our cities, so floating cities will have been built. The Japanese already have plans for cities of this kind. And there will be cities under the sea. The first of these will have been completed.

Travelers in America who want to experience the Wild West can now go on holiday in the old style to see how the American pioneers traveled and lived.

Today's travelers go by horse wagons like the old time. They set up camp at night under the stars and learn to cook their meals over fires. They also learn to lead herds of cattle with present-day cowboys and try to bring wild horses into a corral (畜栏). For those who just want to pretend halfway, the special holidays offer the chance to "rough it" during the day in the wagons but sleep at night in the comfort of fan air-conditioned ranch (牧场) complete with the swimming pool, the sauna and tennis courts.

In Wyoming the holiday makers will travel by wagon past ghost towns and cemeteries where pioneers and wild cowboys were buried. The route goes along the same track as the Pony Express riders who braved attacks from Indians and robbers to get the mail through to the Wild West. High Island Ranch in Wyoming at the foot of the Rocky Mountains is also an ideal place to go trout fishing and to ride wild horses. In Colorado, the modern-day pioneers can stay at Randy George's ranch and try their hand at breaking in horses and branding (给……打上烙印) cattle. In New Mexico there will be a chance to help in driving cattle to their new summer pastures (牧场). Trips last for a week so those taking part get a chance to have a feel for the Wild West as it really was.

Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.

A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined or added-the symbols to get the reward.

Here's how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If

monkeys touched the left side of the screen, they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers— 17 in this example.

After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.

When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value—sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction of the smaller number to it.

"This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains," Dr. Livingstone says. "But in this experiment what they're doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one."

While many people are accessible by email, sometimes it is difficult to determine how exactly to write an email to them. Here are some tips for you to follow.

Write an appropriate subject line. The subject line should tell the recipient immediately what the email is about. Remember that your wording also has to be brief.

It is best to be more formal rather than informal, so when writing to someone you have never met or written to before, a "Dear Jane Smith" is appropriate. When addressing someone whom you are a little familiar with, a "Dr. Smith" is okay until they tell you to address them by their first name, in which case a simple "Jane" will be okay.

State your purpose at the beginning. Within the first two sentences of your email, your recipient should know exactly why you are writing to him. Sometimes an introduction may have to precede (先 于) the sentence that states why you are writing and sometimes it has to follow.

Use appropriate language. You may be used to using informal language in certain social settings. Even when dealing with colleagues or friends you are familiar with, do not immediately fall back on informal language.

Keep it simple. People may get dozens and even hundreds of emails a day.  In that way, they can save much of their time when reading emails.

A. Use proper greetings.

B. Express your ideas clearly.

C. You should avoid spelling and grammar mistakes.

D. How to Write an Email.

E. Be as specific as possible when writing the subject.

F. However, an email may not be the best place to use such language.

G. It is always easier for them if you keep your email as short and brief as possible.

Physical Education (PE) is a requirement for all kids in school. 1 making kids do laps around a gym track, an alternative school in Iowa is 2their students to earn their physical education credits by helping disabled and senior citizens.

At most traditional high schools, students can finish their PE course by 3sports or other after-school activities. The students at the Alternative Learning Center in Dubuque, however, are being encouraged to satisfy their PE 4by doing yard work for people in the community who are 5to do it themselves.

The learning center is specifically designed for junior and senior high students who are at risk of dropping out of 6schools.

Thompson, the teacher who 7the program, has been managing those volunteer students' 8 work over the course of the last few weeks and he says it has already had a very 9 impact on the teens as well as the homeowners.

"The students come out and help them in sweeping leaves, 10 weeds, cutting grass. It just 11what they need," Tim said.

"The students aren't 12too excited at the beginning. But once they get involved(参与) and 13doing the yard work, they become more 14," he added. "What they really like is to 15 people. They really like giving back to people and meeting the person."

Adam Harper drinks a lot of coffee to stay up for study. Recently, Adam felt that (drink) much coffee was making it hardhim to sleep. He also complained of stomachaches. So he decided to stop drinking coffee.

When Adam got up on October 3, he(begin) his day without this morning coffee. By 11

a.m., Adam was in a (terribly) condition. He was tired and had a headache. At 11:30, in the meeting with his student advisor, he found it (possible) to concentrate. What was going on?

Caffeine, a chemical found in coffee, was most likely the reason for how Adam(feel). Caffeine is a stimulant (刺激物) boosts energy levels and improves concentration. The result of lowering caffeine consumption is a "coffee headache" and the  (lose) of concentration.

The good news is that these feelings usually pass after four to five days. Doctors suggest(take) some aspirin for the headache. So, if Adam can wait, in less than a week, he may be feeling much (good).

1）说明比赛要求；

2）请他推荐英文诗；

3）请教朗诵技巧。

注意： 1）写作词数 80 左右；2）开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。

Dear Mr. George,

I'm writing to ask for your help.

……

Yours,

Li Hua

During this past year, I've had three instances of car trouble. Each time these things happened, I was sick of the way most people hadn't bothered to help. One of those times, I was on the side of the road for close to three hours with my big Jeep. I put signs in the windows, big signs that said NEED A JACK (千斤顶), and offered money. Nothing. Right as I was about to give up, a Mexican family in a small truck pulled over, and the father bounded out.

He sized up the situation and called for his daughter, who spoke English. He conveyed through her that he had a jack but that it was too small for the Jeep, so we would need something to support it. Then he got a saw from the truck and cut a section out of a big log on the side of the road. We rolled it over and put his jack on top, and we were in business.

I started taking the wheel off, and then, if you can believe it, I broke his tire iron. No worries: He handed it to his wife, and she was gone in a flash down the road to buy a new tire iron. She was back in 15 minutes. We finished the job, and I was a very happy man.

The two of us were dirty and sweaty. His wife prepared a pot of water for us to wash our hands. I tried to put a $20 bill in the man's hand, but he wouldn't take it, so instead I went up to the truck and gave it to his wife as quietly as I could. I asked the little girl where they lived. Mexico, she said. They were in Oregon so Mommy and Daddy could work on a fruit farm for the next few weeks. Then they would go home.

注意：续写词数应为150左右。

When I was about to say goodbye, the girl asked if I'd had lunch.

……

After they left, I got into my Jeep and opened the paper bag.