山东省历年中考真题分类汇编：任务型阅读 （2020年）

    We all need a healthy environment, but we produce waste every day, and it is harmful to our environment. Repeat these three words daily: reduce, reuse and recycle.

    Reduce

    Reduce means "use less". Do not waste things. It saves money and causes less pollution. Do not order more food than you can finish. 当你不需要的时候就把灯关上。Before you buy something new, think whether it is really necessary because maybe the old one is just as good!

    Reuse

    Reuse means "use again". Use things for as long as possible. Look after them so that they will last. Repair them if possible. Do not throw them away and buy new ones. Do not use paper cups or paper bags.

    Recycle

    Recycle means "change things into something else to be reused". We throw tons of rubbish away each year, and we have to make a change. Divide your rubbish into plastic, glass, paper and rubber. Develop a recycling policy for the whole community. Buy products such as recycled paper to help save trees.

    Do you like playing basketball? If so, you must be very shocked and sad about the death of Kobe Bryant, a famous NBA basketball player. Kobe died in a helicopter (直升机) accident in California on January 26, 2020. Just three days before the accident, he sent out Chinese New Year wishes, and encouraged Chinese fans to live (实践)their dreams and dare to win.

    Bryant is a popular basketball player in China. On March17, 2019, Kobe Bryant visited a middle school in Shenzhen to meet students. At the school, he also shared his new sports novel.

    Kobe was known for trying the hardest to be the best. And he called it "Mamba Spirit". He once said, "Life is to short to get bogged down You have to keep moving.

    You have to keep going. "He retired from-basketball in 2016, but he still woke up before the sun rose to go training at 4:00 ar. From middle school to college, Bryant's stories went along with so many Chinese people and fired up their love for basketball "I grew up watching him play. Because of him, I began playing basketball, "one of his fans said. His excellent performance, strong will and continuing training made him a superhero among Chinese fans.

Want to save the earth? Plant a tree!

    What's causing global (全球的) warming? Is it man-made? Or are temperatures simply changing naturally? Whatever the case, we can at least try to slow things down. But how?

    The Wilderness Project has an idea. . If the earth has more trees, greenhouse gases will be reduced, and this will help stop global warming. and improve air quality (质量).

    . In Belgium, the Organization for Forests worked with farmers to help them plant more trees. In Spain, the Canopy Project plants one tree for every Spaniard (西班牙人) in order to improve the environment. In Germany, a teenager named Felix Finkbeiner has been leading a global movement to plant more trees..

    Now, lots of people all over the world have already been planting more trees. In fact, if everyone plants one tree, just one, it will do great good to our environment.

    So what can you do to help? , although you need to get advice on how to look after it. Or you can join a tree planting project such as the ones mentioned above to help save the Earth. 

    So, go on, plant a tree… and save the earth!

    [1] It's Friday evening. My daughters sighed(叹息) when I gently took the iPads away from theirlaps. One by one, our screens were turned off. We lit the candles and sat downto have a big meal.

   [2] We call it our "Technology Shabbat" (科技安息日) which lasts from sunset (日落) on Friday to sunset onSaturday. Now most friends know they will not be able to contact (联系) us by using computers or mobile phones for 24 hours.

   [3] I first understood theimportance of "Technology Shabbat" in2008, when my father had got brain cancer. Some days he would have only onegood hour, and the only thing I wanted to do was to be with him. When I looked

    In recent years, a growing number of Chinese books and movies have been translated into other languages. They have been learning Chinese and are interested in Chinese culture. Anna is one of them, Before she translated Jin Yong's novel Legends of the Candor Heroes (《射雕英雄传》), the writer was little known to English readers.

    But Anna managed to do it. Impressed (使……印象深刻) by the book's themes (主题) of good against evil, loyalty (忠诚) and love, as well as Chinese philosophy (哲学), Anna hoped to bring it to new readers. After five years of work, the translated book was published in 2018. Many people think Anna did a good job.

    Anna studied at the University of Oxford. After the trip she became interested in China and began to learn Chinese. She calls herself "a clumsy (笨拙的) student, just like Guo Jing from Legends of the Condor Heroes, but one of loyal heart".

    Last year, he translated the animated movie Ne Zha. He said, "I see China's stronger cultural influences. And we have a growing number of students majoring in Chinese. More Chinese stories will appear in front of new audiences."

Many students want to improve their memories and learn better. Today we will introduce some no-cost things you can do.

Exercise

Before you study, doing exercise may help you better remember what you will learn. Recently, researchers have found that people who did 15 minutes of training remembered more words. Scientists say the best time to exercise is right before you study. It can make you more active.

Pre-study test

The students who take a test before studying remember more information than those who don't. For example, if you are using an English textbook, you might first look at some important words at the end of the unit. You could ask yourself what they mean or how they are used. While you might not know the answer, you will probably have a goal to learn so that you can remember the answer when studying!

Sleep

A study show that sleep helps you to learn in two ways. An expert explains that" a person with enough can concentrate best" He also says, "Sleep itself plays an important role in making the memory stronger which is necessary for learning new information.

Wakeful rest

When you finish studying, you often go straight another activity. Perhaps you play a video game watch TV. But researchers suggest that resting after you study may help you remember what you've studied. In a study, even older adults who rested for 10 minute after learning new words remember more words better.

In summer, the high heat always makes you feel uncomfortable. Actually, to stay cool and comfortable, you can try lots of natural ways, including water, fans, cool drinks and more. Here let's see how to use water to cool down.

Drink water more often. Your body will feel cooler if you do that. Try drinking at least eight bottles of water every day. Adding orange. lemon. or tomato pieces to your water makes it more refreshing.

Freeze a handkerchief (手帕) and put it on your neck, forehead, arms or legs.

When the handkerchief heats up, simply wet it and put it back in the fridge. You can also put an ice pack behind your head.

Run cold water over your wrists (手腕). Wet your wrists and other parts, such as your neck and your inner elbows, with cool water for 10 second each. This will lower your temperature for a little bit. This can be especially helpful for cooling down right before you go to bed.

Fill your bathtub (浴缸) with cool water and get in. Once you are used to the temperature, let some water and refill it with cold water. Keep doing this until you feel cool enough.

With the right ways, you can avoid the heat while saving money by turning off the air conditioning.

    Many schools across the country have shut their doors due to the coronavirus outbreak. This puts teachers and students in new situation. They are turning to online learning. For some students, this is a new experience. Here are a few helpful tips.

    ⒈Find a quiet place

    Getting ready for a video lesson? Your first step is finding a quiet place to set up. Choose a place where nobody or nothing will take your attention away.

⒉Set goal (目标) for yourself

Before class starts, set a goal for yourself. A goal gets your mind ready to learn. It gives you an extra purpose in class. It can even help you focus on what your teacher is saying.

    ⒊Check: Are you muted?

    Before the lesson starts, mute yourself! Background noises may not sound loud on your side. But even tiny sounds can be louder through speakers!

    ⒋Practice active listening

    Here are ways to practice active listening: Keep your eyes on the screen, ________ looking around the room. Nod, smile and react to what you're hearing.

    ⒌Follow your teacher's instructions

Usually your teacher can see you raise your hand. That's not so easy on a video classroom. So be sure to follow instructions. Your teacher will let you know how to show that you want to ask or answer a question.

⒍Keep calm and troubleshoot

Has something gone wrong during? Screen froze? Bumped (被挤出) from the class? App crashed? Don't be nervous! Problems like this will happen. It is not the end of the world. Try logging (登录) back on, check your WiFi or restart your computer if you need to. If all else fails, keep calm-and try logging on again!

    How can we protect the Earth? One problem to solve is climate (气候) change. You might wonder about climate change. What is it, exactly?

    Gases surround the Earth.  Sunlight passes down through the gases. The gases trap (储存) the sun's heat and act like blanket. Without these gases, the Earth would be very cold. The trouble comes when humans add too many gases to the atmosphere. The gases build d up and trap even more heat. This causes changes in climate. The Earth becomes too warm.

    There's another gas causing climate change. No one talks about it as much. It is nitrous oxide (氧化亚氮). Many call it laughing gas. Dentists may give patients nitrous oxide so they will not feel pain. The atmosphere has small amounts of nitrous oxide. But nitrous oxide can stay in the atmosphere more than 100 years which can change the climate a lot.

    Nitrous oxide forms naturally.  Bacteria are living organisms (生物) made of single cells. Farmers use nitrogen fertilizer (氮肥) to help grow bigger crops. The bacteria in the soil take the nitrogen from the fertilizer and make more nitrous oxide with it.

    So how can we help? "Number one is to not waste food," Wagner Riddle, a scientist from Canada, said.  That number comes from a U. S. university study. "There is a lot that goes into making food", Wagner Riddle says. "So then if it's wasted, it's for nothing."

A. That's the reason for climate change.

B. It comes from bacteria (细菌) that live in the dirt.

C. Carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) is one gas that traps heat.

D. More than one-third of all food created in the U. S. is wasted.

E. These gases reach high into the sky and are called the atmosphere (大气层).

    Wake up, boys and girls! Put up your hand if you try to repair your tired body by sleeping in(睡懒觉)on weekends. A new study says the habit might not be a good idea for your health.

    The ten-day study came out in the magazine Current Biology. Volunteers were divided into three groups. The first group enjoyed nine hours' sleep each night. The second group was allowed to sleep only five hours each night. The third group was given five hours' sleep Monday through Friday.  But they were put back on the short sleep schedule the next Monday.

    Both the second and third groups ate more snacks at night and put on weight. They also saw a decrease (减少) in insulin sensitivity (胰岛素敏感性), a warning sign for diabetes (糖尿病). Researchers have long known a tack (缺乏) of sleep can increase health risks.

    "Even though people in the third group slept as much as they could on the weekend, it was not enough," said Dr Kenneth Wright, who led the study. "When they went back to the short sleep schedule the next week, their body failed to control blood sugar.

    So what should we do if sleeping in over the weekend is not a good choice?  Cut out the "sleep stealers" such as watching television shows or spending time on computers or mobile phones. Always remember. Getting enough sleep is as important as having good caring habits or doing exercise regularly.

    On winter nights, the wind usually blows strongly. Most of us stay inside our warm homes. Few of us think about the homeless. These people have no choice but to sleep on the streets. Some of them are so poor that they have no money to buy food.

    A young man in Birmingham, England, made a decision to do something about this. Every night, he puts on a Spider-Man suit and gives food to the homeless he meets. He makes sure that these people won't go hungry.

    The man refuses to make his name public. The local people call him the "Birmingham Spider-Man". The young man hopes his action will show others that everybody deserves (应得) a helping hand.

    The 25-year-old man started his night activities in 2015. Every night at 9, he buys some sandwiches. Then, he finds a quiet alley and puts on his "uniform". After that, the "Spider-Man" starts handing his food out to people in need.

    The man said, "I wear the Spider-Man suit in order to get attention." Without the suit, few people took a second look at him when he was handing out food. When people see the "Spider-Stan", however, they come over and ask what he is doing.

    "The Birmingham Spider-Man" has already got lots of attention. Many people have offered to give away money to him. But the young man never accepts the money. Instead, he encourages people to go out and help people in need on their own. He said, "If more people offer a helping hand, the cold winter nights won't be so cold any longer."

Songs about growing up

    Thousands of songs about growing up are available (可得到的). They can always get a response (反应) from teenagers in some way. While listening to the songs, old or new, teenagers can always feel themselves or understand themselves.

a. Songs about being a teenager

    Growing up isn't always easy. Teens always want to be independent, but parents have a hard time letting go. There can be moments of worry, uncertainty, and even anger. Some songs speak of those feelings and can help them get through this period.

b. Songs about ____________

    As teenagers grow, they're likely looking toward the day when they'll be able to work hard to achieve their dreams. The Westlife's song I have a dream is well-known. The key lyrics (歌词) are "I have a dream, a song to sing. To help me cope(处理) with anything…You can take the future even if you fail". This song has encouraged so many teenagers to fight for their dreams.

c. Graduation Songs

    Graduation songsusually speak of the joy of this season of their life. These songs are perfect for graduation parties and get-togethers with friends. As they graduate, they can sing "Today is where your book begins, the rest is still unwritten..."

    When teenagers grow up, they find childhood is a bittersweet (苦乐参半的) time. They've looked forward to the day for so many years and finally it is here. However, they may not be sure about whether they're ready for it. At this time, listening to songs about the sweet days of childhood can always make them relaxed.

    You've been learning words since you were a tiny baby. At first, you learned them only by hearing other people talk. Now that you're a reader, you have another way to learn words. What should you do when you come to a word and you think you don't know what it means?

Say it

    First, sound it out. Then say it to yourself.. Sometimes you know a word in your head but you don't know what it looks like in print. So if you match up what you know and what you read - you have the word!

Use context

    If this doesn't work, take the next step: look at the context - the other words and sentences around it. Read this sentence: When it rained, the dog looked for shelter in the doorway. . Rain and in the doorway might give you helpful information.

    If the context doesn't help, look at the parts of the word. Does it have any parts you know? These can help you understand what it means. If you don't know the meaning of miner, try looking at parts of the word. You might know that a mine is a place underground where people get coal and other valuable things. A lot of times, -er at the end of a word means “a person who does something”. So a miner might be someone who works in a mine.

Look it up

    If the three steps above don't work, you can look it up. .- either a book or online. Nobody knows the meaning of every word, but good readers know how to understand words they don't know.

A. Use word parts

B. Look at the words

C. It might sound like a word you know

D. You can find the word in a dictionary

E. Following some easy steps can help you

F. If the word shelter doesn't look familiar, look at the words around it

    In China, writing brushes, ink sticks, paper and ink stones are called the Four Treasures of Study. Among the high-quality (质量) treasures, the writing brush produced in Huzhou, the ink stick produced in Huizhou, the xuan paper made in Xuancheng and the ink stone made in Duanxi are the best-known.

    The writing brushes can be used to draw the pictures on painted potteries (陶器). They are mainly made of the hair of animals. Those made of wool are called yanghao and those made of the weasel's (鼬) tail hair are called langhao. Their artistic effects (效果) in writing and painting cannot be copied by any other pens.

The ink stick is the pigment (颜料) used in writing and painting. The ink stick produced in Huizhou is of high quality. A story goes like this: Two famous skilled men Xi Chao and his son produced a kind of high-quality ink stick. As a result, the Emperor Li Yu in the Southern Tang Dynasty agreed to give them the family name "Li". From then on, the fame of the Li Ink Stick was widespread. In the Song Dynasty, its producing area was changed into Huizhou, andit was then called the Hui Ink Stick.

Paper is among the four great inventions in ancient China. The famous xuan paper appeared in the Sui and Tang dynasties. In Xuanzhou, Anhui Province where the xuan paper is produced, it's said that Cai Lun's pupil Kong Dan took the job of producing paper but failed to make perfect white paper. Later he happened to see the ebony (檀木) in the rivers. It was wet with the water and turned white. Then he used the bark (树皮) to produce the world-famous xuan paper.

    The ink stone was already very popular in the Han Dynasty. The Ming and Qing dynasties saw the appearance of the Four Famous Ink Stones - Duan Ink Stone. She Ink Stone, Tao Ink Stone and Chengni Ink Stone. They can not only be used in writing and painting but also for admiration.

To the Editor,

    I am writing as a member of One-on-One, the sixth-grade mentoring (指导) group. Our group is two years old and made up of 14 students. Our task is to help students reach their goals through mentoring. We hope the readers of this school newspaper will join our group. This is my first year as a mentor, but I have already learned that everyone taking part in mentoring gets something out of it.

    I was assigned (分配) to a mentor last year. Mentoring was one of the best things that happened to me. I was able to turn the corner at an important point in my studies, going from nearly failing math to passing it. It still amazes me that I completely changed from almost hating math to loving it! Would you believe I'm even thinking of studying math in college? Even if I don't, I have skills that I will use for the rest of my life. My own experience made me feel certain of becoming a mentor this year and helping other students like myself. Now that I am a mentor, I realize what a good feeling you get from helping someone else and knowing that you're making a difference in his or her life. In many situations, lasting friendships are made as well. My mentor and I hit it off right away. And we're still good friends today.

    Becoming a mentor is a serious commitment (承诺). Mentors spend one hour every week with the student they are mentoring. Considering your responsibilities, it may be difficult to add another commitment to your schedule. But I hope you will at least consider the possibility.

    Thank you for considering our invitation. We look forward to hearing from you.

Sincerely,

Mark Lopez