山东省历年中考真题分类汇编：任务型阅读 （2021年）

When you have a cold, your friends can't visit you because they don't want to get a cold. When you are part of a family, if one of you gets a cold, often all of you get it.

 Below are four ways to help stop a cold spreading and to feel better again.

●Wash your hands.

Washing your hands is the most important way to stop the spread of colds. Cold germs（病菌）are spread by touch. The germs get onto your hands and from there into your eyes, nose and mouth, Wash your hands carefully using soap and hot water.  they will be much less likely to get the cold.

●Cover your nose and mouth.

There is a saying that "coughs and sneezes spread illness".  when coughing and your nose if sneezing. That way, the cold germs won't get onto your hands and spread to things you touch such as doorknobs, tap handles or cups and plates.

●

Cold germs are spread very easily. You can use a disinfectant（消毒的）cleaner to clean doorknobs, taps, toilet handles, Be sure to use only your own towel, toothbrush and cup.

●Take care of yourself.

, Eat healthy simple foods such as soup or rice. Get enough rest and sleep. Stay in bed, read a book. Do your schoolwork and practice your English!

Remember that a common cold only lasts a few days, You will feel better soon.

On Saturday morning, Tom Sawyer had to paint his aunt's fence (栅栏). Tom looked at the thirty meters of wide fence and felt bad. He thought of the fun he had planned for the day. Soon the free boys would go out to play, and they would laugh at him for having to work. He felt even worse.

Soon Ben Rogers appeared, eating an apple. Tom ignored (不理) him and continued painting. He stopped and looked at his work like an artist. "Hello, Tom. I'm going swimming. Don't you wish you could? But of course, you have to work."

Tom looked at Ben, then said, "What do you call work?"

"Isn't this work?"

Tom continued painting, and answered, "Well, maybe it is, and maybe it isn't. All I know is, I like it."

"Do you really like it?"

""

That made it sound different. Ben stopped eating his apple. Tom moved his brush carefully backwards and forwards and stepped back to look. Ben watched every move, getting more interested. Presently, he said, "Hey, Tom, let me paint a little."

Tom thought, and then said, "No, I don't think so, Ben. Aunt Polly wants this fence painted carefully because it's on the street. It's difficult to do it right."  

"Come on, let me try."

"I'd like to, Ben. But Aunt Polly won't even let my brother Sid do it."

"I'll be careful. I'll give you my apple."

 While Ben was working in the sun, Tom sat under a tree eating the apple and thinking how to catch more boys. And there were lots of them. Boys came to make fun, but stayed to paint. By the time Ben was tired, Tom had exchanged the next turn with Billy Fisher for a good kite, and then Johnny Miller, and so on.  He had learned that to make someone want something, you only have to make it difficult to get.

Manuel Vera, who lives in Maryland, is 71 years old. He thinks that homes must be full of old bikes because bikes are good memories of home and love. . He said, "I grew up in Peru. My father taught me to ride. I remember when my father first let go of the bike. . I could go wherever my bike might take me."

. Children grow up and don't need them any more. Some people stop riding them because of more cars. Manuel Vera felt kind of sad. . He would try to get these old bikes back on the road. In 2020, he sent a message to his neighbors. It said he would fix their bikes for free. Mr. Vera fixed 104 bicycles in the last year. He ran out of bikes to work on. . He asked if people had unused bikes in the message. He would fix them up and give them away. Mr. Vera gives the bikes away at a park. He says it is the perfect place.

Sometimes, Mr. Vera will see a bicycle he fixed. "Every old bike is shining with good memories of love," he said with his eyes shining.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, there lived a great musician named Yu Boya. He played guqin very well. Zhong Ziqi was one of them.

One day, Yu Boya came back from a trip to the mountains. He played guqin to express his love for the mountains.

  Zhong said, "How beautifully you're playing guqin! When I listen to you playing guqin, I canal most see the mountains in front of my eyes."

  Then he played another tune(调子). Zhong clapped his hands and cheered again, "What a beautiful tune it is! When I listen to it, I seem to imagine hundreds of boats are sailing down big rivers."

Boya was surprised at Zhong's comments(评论).  Whenever he played anew tune, Zhong could tell what Boya was thinking about when he played the tune.

"You appreciate(欣赏) my music and understand my mind You know me like a true friend," Boya said excitedly.

After that, Boya and Zhong became close friends. After Zhong's death, Boya was so sad that he broke his guqin and decided never to play it again.

This is the story about Yu Boya and Zhong Ziqi. We can learn a lesson from the story. If you find your true friends, love them and cherish(珍惜)real friendships.

If you don't know what your friends are doing, will you get anxious (焦虑的) ? Fifty- one percent of teenagers said yes when they were asked this question in a recent study. The fear that "I'm absent while others might be having fun" is called FOMO — fear of missing out.

FOMO pushes you to check the social media (社交媒体) more often. This can make you become more easily affected (影响) by others. You may feel sad, lonely and bored if you start to experience FOMO.

So, what can we do to deal with it?

Change your focus

You should stop worrying about what you may be missing out on. Instead, try to focus on the good things you have already been doing. Use your spare time to do things you enjoy, such as painting or playing soccer.

Keep a diary

By keeping a personal diary, you will learn to be more grateful for the great things you have in your life. You will realize that you are the only one who has control over your life, not the Internet. ….

Build up real connections

When you feel lonely, why not meet up with people in real life? Talking with your family or taking part in a group activity can help you feel better.

As long as you live in the moment, you'll never miss out on anything in your life!

⑴⑵⑶⑷⑸

Zhang Guimei, the principal of Huaping High School for Girls, has been given the title "Role Model of the Times" for helping girls from poor families.

The school was the first high school in the country to provide free education for girls who would otherwise have, been unable to continue their studies after completing their nine years of education.

Zhang moved to Lijiang at the age of 17 to teach in the middle school in Huaping County. Once, she got badly ill but had no money for the treatment(治疗). With the help of the people there, she was able to get the necessary treatment. "From then on, I told myself that I must do something for those people who helped me," Zhang said.

Slowly, a dream of setting up a free high school for girls in Huaping County appeared in Zhang's heart. From the year of 2002, she began a six-year journey to look for funds(资金). In 2008, Zhang finally set up Huaping High School for Girls at the foot of the Shizi Mountain in Huaping.

Thanks to her efforts, more than 1,800 girls from poor families have entered universities through her education until now.

Zhang has been helping to improve the area as a whole. Influenced by her, many of her students have chosen to teach in poor areas. Now, with Zhang having got the honorary title, education for girls from poor areas will receive more attention.

What she has done will be long remembered and encourage more to follow her example.

Farmer Pak Sadiman has made it his task to do something about Central Java's water shortage problem, little by little.

He has changed his dry village into a place rich in ground water by planting trees on nearby land for the last 19 years, and he is encouraging others to join in, too.

Sadiman realized that the land was in need of some water when the Gendol River - previously (以前) the source of water for villagers — was quickly drying up: Even rubber trees, the local people's main source of income (收入来源), were so dry that they could no longer produce rubber latex (橡胶乳). It was then that Sadiman took action so that his children and grandchildren could take advantage of the planted trees,

"Banyan (榕树) trees, unlike rubber trees, can keep groundwater. The more banyan trees are planted, the more clean water villagers will get," he thought. Although he went through a hard time, the farmer never became discouraged from achieving his goal — providing his village with a clean water source.

He's planted at least 11, 000 trees over the last 19 years, and his village seems to have escaped from the dry season, Villagers have joined in Sadiman's efforts and worked alongside him to plant the trees. "Pak Sadiman is our hero. This village used to fight with water shortage, but now we have enough water because of him," said the head of the village.

Sadiman said as long as he's healthy, he'll continue to plant trees to help provide clean water for his villagers.

Poverty (贫困) is a big problem around the world. But China has done a good job of dealing with it and it has found its own way to fight poverty. Instead of just giving money to poor people, it has tried to educate people and give them the tools they need to lift themselves out of poverty. Ordinary (平凡的) people play a big role in the fight. Here are two of them.

After graduating from Beijing Normal University in 2016, Huang Wenxiu gave up the chances to work in big cities and returned to her hometown of Baise in Guangxi and served as the village's Party chief. A total of 418 villagers were lifted out of poverty thanks to her efforts. Unluckily, she died in a flash flood at the age of 30 while driving back to her village in Baise. She was given the title "role model of the times" by the central government.

When Mao Xianglin started to work as the Party secretary of his village, there was only one pathway out of the village for many years. He led more than 100 villagers to build a road with their hands. It took them seven years to build an eight-kilometer road. Mao then encouraged the villagers to grow oranges. Last year, their orange yield (产量) was nearly 40 tons. Young people have returned to the village to sell oranges online. By the end of 2019, 269 villagers had been lifted out of poverty. The per capita income (人均收入) reached 12, 670 yuan, 40 times more than in the 1990s.

Pigs are misunderstood (误解). Some people think of them as lazy and stupid. Did you know that pigs are very smart? Pigs are smarter than most pets and wild animals. （1） Experts say that pigs are easier to train than dogs and cats. Would you want a pig for a pet?

Keeping a pet pig is fun, but it is work. Pigs like to go for walks like a dog, Would you like to walk a pig down your street? They can be trained to do tricks, and they like to be petted. They usually get along with other pets.

Pet pigs must be kept on a diet (节食). They like to eat like hogs (肉猪)! （2） An adult pet pig should not weigh more than 150 pounds. But many weigh up to 300 pounds because of overfeeding.

Pigs are some of the cleanest animals on the earth. They can learn to use a little like a cat. Many live in houses and apartments. But they can get in the way.

Pigs have a good sense of smell. They help find (松露）in the forests. These plants sell for high prices. So the pigs are valued for their work.

Besides pork (meat from pigs), pigs provide us with many useful products. Pig hair is used to make hairbrushes and furniture（家具）. Some of pig parts can be used to help sick people.

Pigs are found in every part of the world. They serve many useful purposes. They can work as guards like dogs. In the United States, two pigs were kept to guard the gate on the farm, which worked really well.

Long, long ago, there lived an unhappy king. He slept badly and didn't feel like eating. One day, a doctor was called in to examine the king. But he found nothing wrong with his body. "It's all in his mind. Neither medicine nor rest can help him. What he needs is the shirt of a happy person to wear. That'll make him happy. "

The prime minister was called to the palace. But he said that ___________ he had a lot of power, it didn't make him happy. He always worried that many people were trying to take his position. Then the banker came. "Oh, I'm afraid I'm not happy, either," he said," I have a lot of wealth, but 1 feel nervous when I think someone tries to steal my money every day. "

Finally, the top general was told to go out and find a happy man in three days. He searched and searched but couldn't find anyone. It seemed that everyone had their own problems, and no one was truly happy. Two days pass«d. Just as he was about to give up, he saw a poor man on the street eating with his hands and singing happily to himself. The general went up to him and asked," What makes you so happy? You have no power money or fame." The poor man smiled," I have everything I want, and I don't want what I can't have. So I'm happy. "

"Great! You are the very man I'm looking for," the general said in great joy. "Then I need to give your shirt to our king. How much do you want for it?"

"Shirt? I've no shirt at all."

Self-love is the most important if you want to find out your full potentials(潜质) on earth. Accepting who you are makes you feel that you are good enough.

You are good enough does not mean you are perfect. Nobody is perfect. Being good enough means you accept who you are and believe in yourself. The truth is, opinions of other people make it hard for you to find the good part of yourself. So, you need to believe in yourself instead of caring what people think of you. Be sure you are doing it for yourself, not for someone else. Just make efforts to improve yourself and then you are sure to become the best you can be, or a better version(版本) of yourself.

What should we do when someone is stuck(深陷) in the ocean of not feeling good enough? Here are some suggestions to help. First, be a good listener. Listening to someone will not only make them feel they are worthy but also make you know better what they are going through. Then you will get the idea of how to cheer them. Besides, always encourage others. When people talk about their dreams, tell them it's possible that all dreams can come true. So, loving others in this way will make them feel good enough.

[1] During meal times, more and more young people take out their phones, choose a favorite show, eat while watching and burst into laughter now and then.

[2] Liu, a 19-year-old student studying in Beijing, is one of them. A foodie and a video lover, she is happy to eat while watching food programs on her smartphone. A show she has been recently watching is about two Chinese girls traveling around Japan to find delicious food, and the show has been viewed more than 26,000 times on China's top microblog platform. "The food in the show looks really attractive," Liu explains. Besides this show, she also watches many other online food programs.

[3] "It's not unexpected," said Adrien from France, who is a huge fan of Chinese food. "China and France are both keen on(热衷于)cooking and eating. As for me, I love Chinese food programs very much."

[4] Irina from Russia also loves Chinese food programs very much. She watched a reality show  ①        her friends In the show, some Chinese stars cooked seafood and crabs. "They cooked the seafood differently from us, but the dish they made looked very delicious," said Irina and her friends.

[5] Beautiful pictures, delicious food, special skills of ②       and the famous stars—all these things can make food programs a perfect meal companion(陪伴)for younger Chinese people, even when they are far away from home.

[6] "After I ③        China and started my study life in Germany, I found myself always watching A bite of China during supper," said Manling. She added that she had only been living there for only two months and she had already missed the home flavor(味道) of China. "Chinese flavors are like the comfort zone(区域) that gives me a sense of safety ," Manling said.

Do you know what a resolution is? It's a kind of promise. Most of the time, we make promises to other people ("Mom, I promise I'm going to tidy my room when I get back from school. ")However, promises you make to yourself are resolutions, and the most common kind is New Year's resolutions. The start of the year is often a time for making resolutions. When we make resolutions at the beginning of the year, we hope that we are going to improve our lives. Some people write down their resolutions and plans for the coming year. This helps them to remember their resolutions Others tell their family and friends about their wishes and plans.

There are different kinds of resolutions. Some are about physical health. For example, some people promise themselves they are going to start an exercise program or eat less fast food. Many resolutions have to do with self-improvement. These are about making yourself a better person. Some people might say they are going to take up a hobby like painting or taking photos, or learn to play the guitar. Some resolutions have to do with better planning, like making a weekly plan for schoolwork For example, a student may have to find more time to study.

Although there are differences, most resolutions have one thing in common. People hardly ever keep them! There are good reasons for this. Sometimes the resolutions may be too difficult to keep; Sometimes people just forget about them. For this reason, some people say the best resolution is to have no resolutions! How about you—will you make any next year?

A Friend to the Pilgrims

"I speak English." When the Pilgrims (清教徒前辈美洲移民) heard these words, they were very surprised. The words came from Squanto, a Native American (印第安人). But how did he learn to speak English? As the Pilgrims would soon find out, this happened to be a long story.

In 1605, George Weymouth, an English captain (船长), was exploring America. People from England were interested in the Native Americans of this new land. When Weymouth came to Squanto's village, he captured (俘获) five men. Squanto was not among them, but the little boy was curious (好奇的). He volunteered to go with Weymouth to England.

In England, a friend of Weymouth's took good care of Squanto. But after nine years, Squanto felt homesick. In 1614, two English captains, John Smith and Thomas Hunt, asked Squanto to help them explore America. They promised to take Squanto to his home village after the trip. Squanto was happy and agreed to go. But after the trip, Captain Hunt broke his promise. Instead of bringing Squanto to see his family, he sold him to Spain as a slave (奴隶).

In Spain, some monks (僧侣) saved Squanto and looked after him for three years. Then, he joined another trip to North America. The trip was to Newfoundland. This was still far from Squanto's home. Squanto returned to England in the end.

By now, Squanto had known many important men in England. They liked Squanto and wanted to help him. Finally, Squanto went back to his home village in 1619 with the help of them. But sadly, the village was empty. All of the villagers had died from an illness.

When the Pilgrims arrived in America in 1620, winter would soon come. They needed help. Squanto happened to be living close to their houses. He offered to help. Knowing the language and customs of Englishmen, Squanto helped the Pilgrims in many ways, including teaching them how to catch fish. The Pilgrims were really lucky to have such a good friend!